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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Mengacu pada studi empiris oleh G.E. Chortareas et al. (2012), penulis mengestimasi perluasan dari model empiris original market power dan efficient structure menggunakan kerangka data panel dinamis tidak seimbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis variabilitas NIM sektor perbankan di 16 negara di kawasan Asia-Pasifik (APAC) selama periode 2003-2012 dengan menggunakan 2800 observasi data bank dan lintas negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persistensi NIM di negara-negara berkembang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan NIM di negara-negara maju. Selain itu, tingkat kapitalisasi bank terbukti merupakan determinan yang mempengaruhi NIM di negara-negara berkembang, sedangkan di negara-negara maju NIM paling banyak dipengaruhi oleh risiko likuiditas bank.

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ABSTRACT
Following in the footsteps of G.E. Chortareas et al. (2012) on the impact of competition and efficiency on net interest margin (NIM) in Latin America banking, I estimated the extension of the original market power and efficient structure empirical model using an unbalanced dynamic panel data framework. This study aims to analyze the variability of NIM of 16 banking sectors in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region during the 2003-2012 period by using 2800 observations of bank level and cross-countries data. The results show that the persistence of NIM in emerging countries is higher than NIM in the developed countries. In addition, the level of bank capitalization is shown to be a dominant determinant of NIM in emerging countries, whereas in developed countries NIM is most affected by the bank?s liquidity risk.;Following in the footsteps of G.E. Chortareas et al. (2012) on the impact of competition and efficiency on net interest margin (NIM) in Latin America banking, I estimated the extension of the original market power and efficient structure empirical model using an unbalanced dynamic panel data framework. This study aims to analyze the variability of NIM of 16 banking sectors in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region during the 2003-2012 period by using 2800 observations of bank level and cross-countries data. The results show that the persistence of NIM in emerging countries is higher than NIM in the developed countries. In addition, the level of bank capitalization is shown to be a dominant determinant of NIM in emerging countries, whereas in developed countries NIM is most affected by the bank?s liquidity risk.;Following in the footsteps of G.E. Chortareas et al. (2012) on the impact of competition and efficiency on net interest margin (NIM) in Latin America banking, I estimated the extension of the original market power and efficient structure empirical model using an unbalanced dynamic panel data framework. This study aims to analyze the variability of NIM of 16 banking sectors in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region during the 2003-2012 period by using 2800 observations of bank level and cross-countries data. The results show that the persistence of NIM in emerging countries is higher than NIM in the developed countries. In addition, the level of bank capitalization is shown to be a dominant determinant of NIM in emerging countries, whereas in developed countries NIM is most affected by the bank?s liquidity risk.;Following in the footsteps of G.E. Chortareas et al. (2012) on the impact of competition and efficiency on net interest margin (NIM) in Latin America banking, I estimated the extension of the original market power and efficient structure empirical model using an unbalanced dynamic panel data framework. This study aims to analyze the variability of NIM of 16 banking sectors in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region during the 2003-2012 period by using 2800 observations of bank level and cross-countries data. The results show that the persistence of NIM in emerging countries is higher than NIM in the developed countries. In addition, the level of bank capitalization is shown to be a dominant determinant of NIM in emerging countries, whereas in developed countries NIM is most affected by the bank’s liquidity risk., Following in the footsteps of G.E. Chortareas et al. (2012) on the impact of competition and efficiency on net interest margin (NIM) in Latin America banking, I estimated the extension of the original market power and efficient structure empirical model using an unbalanced dynamic panel data framework. This study aims to analyze the variability of NIM of 16 banking sectors in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region during the 2003-2012 period by using 2800 observations of bank level and cross-countries data. The results show that the persistence of NIM in emerging countries is higher than NIM in the developed countries. In addition, the level of bank capitalization is shown to be a dominant determinant of NIM in emerging countries, whereas in developed countries NIM is most affected by the bank’s liquidity risk.]

Abstrak :
Pembangunan ekonomi sebuah Negara pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk mencapai kemakmuran masyarakat melalui pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi dan distribusi pendapatan yang merata. Salah satu lembaga keuangan yang memegang peran sentral dalam mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah lembaga yang disebut bank. Bank memiliki fungsi intermediasi. Fungsi ini adalah upaya maksimal Bank untuk menyalurkan dana yang dikumpulkannya dari masyarakat guna menggerakkan sektor ekonomi riil. Lembaga Bank dalam menjalankan fungsi intermediasi, tidak akan lepas dari apa yang disebut sistem perbankan. Sistem perbankan merupakan suatu sistem yang menyangkut tentang bank, mencakup kelembagaan, kegiatan usaha, serta cara dan proses melaksanakan kegiatan usahanya secara keseluruhan. Dalam menjalankan usahanya lembaga bank dapat menjadi bank gagal (failure bank). Kegagalan ini disebabkan disebabkan tata kelola usaha perbankan yang buruk, lemahnya aspek pengawasan serta adanya manipulasi (fraud) data baik keuangan maupun non keuangan. Kelahiran bank gagal ini dapat memberi dampak sistemik atau tidak berdampak sistemik pada sistem keuangan dan sistem ekonomi suatu Negara. Untuk menangani Bank gagal dalam sistem perbankan, dibutuhkan suatu sistem hukum yang kuat. Menurut Lawrence M. Friedman terdapat tiga pilar yang sangat penting dalam sistem hukum yang harus bersinergi, yaitu struktur hukum (structure), substansi hukum (substance) dan kultur/budaya hukum (culture). Selain memperhatikan apakah sistem hukum dalam menyelesaian masalah suatu bank gagal dalam sistem perbankan, sepatutnya kita pun harus memperhatikan aspek-aspek yang berhubungan dengan ekonomi makro dan ekonomi mikro. Aspek tersebut adalah aspek institusi keuangan, aspek pasar keuangan, aspek sistem pembayaran, aspek sektor riil dan aspek psikologi pasar.

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The main purpose of economic development in any country is surely to achieve and maintain societal prosperity through considerable economic growth and equitable income distribution. One particular financial institution holding a central role in supporting such economic growth is the institution referred as Bank. Banks hold the function of intermediation, to which refers to it's maximum effort and capacity to channel funds collected from a larger society to advance real economic sectors. In conducting this intermediation function, Banks are integrated from what is called the banking system. Banking system is a system that concerns everything relating to banks, including institutional aspects, business activities, as well as the manner and process of conducting its business activities as a whole. In conducting its business banking institution may face the threat of bank failure. This failure is caused due to the lack of good governance of the banking sector, poor supervision and manipulation (fraud) of data both financial and non financial. Bank failures can result systemic or non systemic impact upon the financial system and economic system of a country. To handle bank failures in the banking system, a strong and comprehensive legal system is imperative. According to Lawrence M. Friedman, there are three very important pillars in the legal system that must be synergistic, ie the legal structure, the substance of the law and legal culture. In addition to having a great consideration about the legal system in solving the problems of bank failures in the banking system, we should also pay close attention to the interrelated macroeconomic and microeconomic aspects that includes aspects of financial institution, financial markets, payment system, real sector and market psychology.

Abstrak :
Pelayanan yang diberikan bank adalah pemberian pinjaman. Layanan peminjaman membutuhkan uang kertas secara fisik. Untuk tujuan ini, bank menawarkan layanan keamanan untuk simpanan uang dan, dengan diperkenalkannya faktor inflasi, suku bunga. Bank yang dapat diakses oleh publik (di Selandia Baru) adalah bank swasta, sebuah bisnis. Oleh karena itu, tujuan utama suatu bank (swasta) adalah memperoleh keuntungan. Oleh karena itu, bank diatur oleh dua badan utama. Secara umum, badan-badan ini adalah Kementerian Keuangan (yang berasal dari pemerintah) dan Bank Sentral (yang independen dari pemerintah). Di Selandia Baru, kedua badan ini disebut Menteri Keuangan Selandia Baru dan Reserve Bank of New Zealand, disingkat RBNZ. ......The service that banks provide is lending. The service of lending requires actual paper money at hand. To this, banks offer the service of security for money deposits and, with the introduction of inflation as a factor, interest rates. Banks that are accessible to the public (in New Zealand) are private, a business. Therefore, the main objective of a bank (private ones) is to make profit. For this reason, banks are regulated by two main bodies. In general, these bodies are the (government derived) Ministry of Finance and (independent from the government) the Central Bank. In New Zealand, these two bodies are called the Minister of Finance of New Zealand and the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, shortened as RBNZ.

Abstrak :
The aim of this investigation is to look at the effect of the Islamic banking system on the economic growth of D-8 countries as well as their relationship and the causality direction. Annual report time series data were used from 2010–2021. Islamic Banking Financing (IBF) was used as a representation of the Islamic banking sector, while Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Trade were used to represent the economic sector. The econometric tools used are the panel unit root test, panel test of cointegration, and the causality test of Granger. The findings showed that, in the short and long run, Islamic banking and economic growth have a positive connection in D-8 countries. Moreover, there is bi-directional causality. That means, there is a two-way causality starting from the growth sector to Islamic banking and Islamic banking to economic growth. It is also discovered that, in the short run, investment (GFCF) and trade activities have an affirmative influence on the development of Islamic banking. Increasing investment formation will thus successfully subsidize the expansion of the Islamic banking segment of D-8 countries. However, the main policy implication is that governments of the D-8 countries can support economic growth by expanding the finance sector through additional liberalization measures. It is recommended to include another variable that is currently not used, such as the quality of the institutions, and moreover, to apply other statistical tools such as ARCH and GARCH to look at profound relationships.

Abstrak :
Sistem perbankan memiliki peran sentral dan strategis dalam perekonomian negara. Perihal pengawasan bank yang belum efektif merupakan salah satu bagian permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh perbankan saat ini. Sebagaimana diketahui, lebih dari 87% (delapan puluh tujuh persen) aset industri jasa keuangan di Indonesia merupakan aset industri perbankan. Peran Bank Indonesia dalam menjalankan fungsinya sebagai otoritas perbankan dan moneter dikhawatirkan akan muncul adanya potensi conflict of interest sebagai akibat pelaksanaan kedua fungsi yang masing-masing memiliki kepentingan berbeda oleh lembaga tersebut, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu lembaga yang fokus mengawasi sektor perbankan dan agar Bank Indonesia dapat memfokuskan diri sebagai otoritas moneter di Indonesia. Adapun 2 (dua) permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: Pertama, bagaimana Basel Core Bank Principles (BCBS) sebagai standar internasional dalam pembentukan pengawasan perbankan melihat pemisahan fungsi pengaturan dan pengawasan perbankan oleh suatu lembaga. Kedua, apakah yang menjadi pertimbangan hukum dalam pembentukan otoritas jasa keuangan di Indonesia. Di dalam menjawab permasalahan dalam penulisan tesis ini, maka penulis akan menggunakan metode pendekatan hukum normatif yang dapat diartikan sebagai penelitian hukum kepustakaan yang dilakukan berdasarkan pada kepustakaan atau data-data sekunder. Berdasarkan pemaparan dan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini, maka penulis menyimpulkan bentuk pemisahan fungsi pengaturan dan pengawasan perbankan sangat tidak lazim di lingkungan prudential sektor keuangan. Di dalam BCBS tersebut disebutkan bahwa lembaga pengawasan memiliki kebijakan pengawasan yang tepat untuk melakukan tindakan perbaikan, selain itu pertimbangan-pertimbangan di dalam pembentukan otoritas jasa keuangan dikarenakan lemahnya pengaturan dan pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Bank Indonesia guna menghindari terjadinya conflict of interest. ......Banking system has a central and strategic role in the economy of the country. About that have not been effective bank supervision is one of the problems faced by banks today. As is known, more than 87% (eighty seven percent) of assets financial services industry in Indonesia is an asset of the banking industry. The role of Bank Indonesia in carrying out its function as a banking and monetary authorities fear it would appear there is potential conflict of interest as a result of the implementation of the two functions that each have different interests by the agency, and therefore needed an agency that focuses supervise the banking sector and for Bank Indonesia to focus as the monetary authority in Indonesia. As for 2 (two) problem in this research, namely: First, how the Bank's Basel Core Principles (BCBS) as the international standard in the establishment of banking supervision and regulation function to see the separation of banking supervision by an agency. Second, what are the legal considerations in the establishment of the financial services authority in Indonesia. In the answer the problem in writing this thesis, the author will use a method of normative legal approaches that can be construed as legal research library that is based on literature or secondary data. Based on the exposure and discussion in this study, the authors conclude the separation of banking regulation and supervision function is not common in the financial sector prudential environment. In the BCBS mentioned that oversight agencies have policies that control right to take remedial action, in addition to these considerations in the formation of financial services authority due to a weak regulatory and oversight conducted by Bank Indonesia in order to avoid any conflict of interest.