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Abstrak :
Serangan bom atom di Hiroshima dan Nagasaki pada 1945 merupakan sebuah peristiwa yang cukup berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara di Jepang. Gambaran peristiwa tersebut masih banyak ditemukan dalam kehidupan di Jepang, termasuk dalam media populer seperti anime dan manga. Anime yang berupa animasi dan manga yang berupa komik merupakan hal yang dinikmati oleh berbagai kalangan masyarakat Jepang dan seringkali dinilai identik dengan sifat imut. Akan tetapi, anime dan manga tetap dapat merefleksikan realita peristiwa tersebut serta sikap masyarakat Jepang terhadap peristiwa tersebut, hal itulah yang ingin ditemukan dalam penelitian ini. Budaya populer seperti keduanya dapat merefleksikan realita dan kerangka geopolitik suatu negara, dan dalam fokus penelitian ini adalah sikap anti-perang dan dukung perlucutan senjata nuklir. Hal tersebut dapat dipelajari lewat geopolitik populer yang merupakan studi bagaimana media menyebarkan nilai atau ide seperti batas atau ancaman negara terhadap khalayak penontonnya. Nilai yang dibawa tersebut merupakan realita kerangka geopolitik yang dapat ditemukan di antara masyarakat dan pemerintah Jepang sehingga manga dan anime dapat memberikan refleksi representasi geopolitik Jepang. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi geopolitik populer dan studi semiotika untuk membedah refleksi nilai pasifisme dan anti-persenjataan nuklir Jepang yang dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai anime dan manga pasca-perang. Ditemukan bahwa manga dan anime dapat merefleksikan kerangka pasifis geopolitik Jepang serta menyorot perkembangan visi geopolitik tersebut. Manga dan anime yang berasal dari generasi perang menunjukkan penderitaan dan tragedi bom atom secara detil dan manga dan anime dari generasi pasca perang mengambil pendekatan sentimen anti-perang dan anti-persenjataan nuklir yang lebih pasif dan tidak kritis. Hasil termuan tersebut menunjukkan posisi pasifis netral geopolitik pasca perang Jepang yang terepresentasikan dalam manga dan anime. ......The Atomic bomb attack on Hirsohima and Nagasaki in 1945 is an event that left a big impact on the life of society and the state in Japan. Depictions of the event are still widely found in Japanese life, including in popular media such as anime and amnga. Anime or animation and manga or comic are things that are enjoyed by various groups of Japanese society and are often considered synonymous with cuteness. However, anime and manga can still reflect the reality of that event and the attitude of the Japanese society towards it, this is what this research wants to find. Popular culter like manga and anime can reflect the reality and geopolitical framework of a country, and in this research focus is anti-war attitude and support for nuclear disarmament. his can be studied through popular geopolitics which is the study of how the media spreads values or ideas such as state boundaries or threats to its audience. The value that is brought is the reality of the geopolitical framework that can be found among the people and government of Japan so that manga and anime can provide a reflection of Japan's geopolitical representation. This research uses popular geopolitical studies and the semiotic approach to look at the reflection of Japanese pacifism and anti-nuclear weapons attitudes that can be found in post-war anime and manga. It was found that manga and anime can both reflect Japan's geopolitical pacifist framework and highlight the development of their geopolitical vision. Manga and anime from the war generation show the agony and tragedy of the atomic bomb in detail and manga and anime from the post war generation take a more passive and uncritical approach to anti-war and anti-nuclear weapons sentiments. The findings show that postwar geopolitically neutral pacifist positions of Japan are represented in manga and anime.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini menganalisis hal-hal apa saja yang dipertimbangkan saat Amerika Serikat memutuskan untuk menjadikan kota Hiroshima sebagai target utama dijatuhkannya bom atom. Berdasarkan banyaknya penelitian yang sudah ada mengenai Perang Dunia II, terdapat banyak pendapat dari para ahli mengenai alasan Amerika Serikat untuk menjatuhkan kedua bom atom di Jepang. Meskipun Jepang memiliki banyak kota besar, awalnya Amerika Serikat memilih lima kota sebagai target untuk mengakhiri perang, yakni: kota Kyoto, kota Hiroshima, kota Kokura, kota Yokohama, dan kota N?gata. Namun, kota Kyoto yang merupakan kota terpenting bagi kebudayaan Jepang, akhirnya digantikan oleh kota Hiroshima sebagai target utama. Dengan mengetahui pertimbangan apa saja yang diambil oleh Amerika Serikat mengenai kota Hiroshima sebagai target utama serangan bom atom, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Amerika Serikat tidak hanya melihat dari sisi kepentingan politik dan militer saja, namun Amerika Serikat ternyata masih mempertimbangkan dari sisi kepentingan budaya.

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ABSTRACT
This study analyzes what matters were considered when the United States decided to make Hiroshima as a prime target for the dropping of atomic bomb. Based on many existing studies on World War II, there are many opinions from the experts on why the United States dropped both atomic bombs in Japan. Although Japan has many major cities, the United States initially chose five cities as the targets to end the war Kyoto, Hiroshima, Kokura, Yokohama and N gata. However, Kyoto which has been the most important city for Japanese culture, eventually was replaced by Hiroshima as the main target. By knowing what matters were taken into account by the United States about Hiroshima which was selected as the main atomic bomb target, it can be concluded that the United States did not only consider the political and military interests, but the United States also considered the cultural interests.

Abstrak :
In the summer of 1950, FBI agents arrested Julius Rosenberg and charged him with conspiracy to commit espionage. Specifically the Justice Department accused him of passing-through his brother-in-law-the secret of the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. A few weeks later they charged Julius is wife Ethel with the same crime to pressure them to name spies. Convicted and sentenced to death at the height of cold war anti-communist hysteria, the couple was plunged into a whirlwind of appeals, protests, and propaganda until their executions in June 1953. Their deaths did little to silence protest, however; as martyrs their case became legend and cast a spotlight on their two orphaned sons. More than half a century later the trial and executions remain living and breathing controversies. This book uses nearly one thousand newly discovered state department documents for the first time to expose protest movements from 84 cities in 48 countries around the world. While the Truman administration initiated the charges against the Rosenbergs, officials were just beginning to grasp the significance of the case overseas when Eisenhower took office. This prompted a harsh reset in the governments largely untested propaganda apparatus, which struggled to persuade the global community of the wisdom of executing the couple. Allies and potential allies remained unconvinced that the United States had the moral authority to lead and win the Cold War. These new documents allow the history of the Rosenberg case to be told as a pivotal and transnational Cold War event.

Abstrak :
Summary: "In this harrowing history of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings, Paul Ham argues against the use of nuclear weapons, drawing on extensive research and hundreds of interviews to prove that the bombings had little impact on the eventual outcome of the Pacific War"