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"Tujuan: Membandingkan efek terapi kombinasi Natamisin 5% dan Natrium diklofenak 0,1% dengan Natamisin 5% tunggal pada pengobatan keratomikosis A. fumigates dalam hal daya bunuh obat terhadap jamur serta respons inflamasi.Subyek dan metode: Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental, dilakukan secara acak dengan metode tersamar dan menggunakan kelinci sebagai hewan percobaan. Kelompok I adalah kelompok yang diobati dengan tetes mata natamisin 5% dan mulai hari ke-9 diberi tetes mata Natrium diklofenak 0,1% (Nata-NaD). Kelompok II adalah kelompok yang diobati dengan tetes mata natamisin 5% dan mulai hari ke-9 diberi tetes mata BSS (Na-BSS). Parameter yang dinilai adalah daya bunuh obat terhadap jamur yang dinilai secara klinis melalui luas ulkus dan secara mikologi melalui hasil kultur Agar Sabouraud Dekstrosa. Parameter respon inflamasi dinilai secara klinis melalui panjang infiltrat dan hipopion, secara histopatologi melalui sebukan sel radang.Hasil: Penilaian klinis serta histopatologi menunjukkan peran Na-diklofenak 0,1% dalam meningkatkan daya bunuh Natamisin 5% terhadap A. fumigates (p=0,206). Hasil pemeriksaan kultur kornea bagian dalam menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok (p=0,05). Penilaian respon inflamasi menunjukkan suatu kecenderungan hasil lebih baik pada kelompok kombinasi Natamisin 5% dengan Nadiklofenak 0,1% (p=1,000).Kesimpulan: Na-diklofenak 0,1% bermanfaat meningkatkan daya bunuh Natamisin 5% terhadap jamur A. fumigates dan menekan respons inflamasi pada keratomikosis.

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OBJECTIVESTo determine the efficacy of topical 0,1% Na-diclofenac as a combination with 5% Natamycin in reducing inflammation and improving killing action against A. fumigatus.SUBJECT AND METHODSThe study is randomized, single-blinded experimental trial. Twenty rabbits were included and divided into two groups and both assigned to topical 5% Natamycin. On the 9`, day, the 1S` group received 0,1% Na-diclofenac additionally (subject group) and the other received topical Basal Saline Solution ( placebo group). Outcome measure including ulcer size, mycology test using Dextrose Sabouraud Agar (DSA), infiltrate width, hypopion, and histopathology examination.RESULTSThere is an improvement of Natamycin killing action against A. fumigatus in subject group (p=0,206). Culture test demonstrated statistically significant difference (1=0,05). Inflammation is more reduced in subject group but not statistically significant (p=1,000).CONCLUSIONTopical 0,1% Na-diclofenac tend to improve Natamycin killing action against A. fumigatus and reducing inflammation responses, however, not statistically significant."

"Kasus aspergilosis paru kronik (APK) yang disebabkan Aspergillus sp. semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya frekuensi infeksi tuberkulosis (TB) paru sebagai faktor risiko. Diagnosis APK masih menjadi tantangan karena gejala klinis, pemeriksaan radiologi, maupun laboratorium tidak khas. Untuk menetapkan diagnosis APK diperlukan pemeriksaan laboratorium mikologi, termasuk uji serologi. Hasil pemeriksaan imuno-diffusion test (IDT) Aspergillus dengan crude antigen kurang optimal dan IgG Aspergillus ELISA menggunakan antigen galaktomanan yang termasuk antigen sel T independent sehingga tidak mendukung switching isotipe antibodi. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan penelitian lain untuk mendapatkan prosedur yang lebih baik dalam menetapkan diagnosis APK. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui pola respon IgG terhadap kombinasi empat protein 16 kD, 18-20 kD, 22 kD, dan 30 kD antigen Aspergillus dengan metode Western Blot. Potensi diagnostik dari kombinasi protein 16 kD, 18-20 kD, 22 kD, dan 30 kD antigen Aspergillus dengan metode Western Blot terhadap nilai konsensus positif dan negatif APK berdasarkan 2 metode pemeriksaan yaitu biakan jamur dan IgG anti galaktomanan sebagai baku emas didapatkan nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas sebesar 74% dan 96%. Deteksi IgG Aspergillus metode Western Blot menunjukkan antigen dominan berat molekul 16 kD dan 18-20 kD. Kesimpulan uji IgG Aspergillus Western Blot memiliki potensi diagnostik lebih baik dibanding uji IgG Aspergillus ELISA.

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Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) caused by Aspergillus sp. potentially increases with the increasing frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) as a risk factor. Diagnosis of CPA is still a challenge because clinical symptoms, radiological examination, and laboratory are  not specific. The diagnosis of CPA needs to be performed by specific mycological examination, including serology test. The result of the Aspergillus immunodiffusion test (IDT) with crude antigen is sub optimal and Aspergillus IgG ELISA method uses galactomannan antigens that are independent T cell antigens, so cant support switching of isotype antibodies. Therefore, other study is needed to get a better procedure in determine the CPA diagnostic. The study aimed to determine the IgG responses with a combination of  Aspergillus proteins (16 kD, 18-20 kD, 22 kD, and 30 kD) with Western Blot method. Diagnostic potential of the Aspergillus protein combination (16 kD, 18-20 kD, 22 kD, and 30 kD) with Western Blot method on positive and negative consensus values of CPA based on two examination methods are fungus culture and anti-galactomannan IgG as gold standard are obtained sensitivity and specificity of 74% and 96%. From the Aspergillus Western Blot IgG test, dominant antigens obtained were molecular weights of 16 kD and 18-20 kD. The conclusion is Aspergillus specific IgG test with Western Blot method has better diagnostic potential than the  anti-galactomannan IgG ELISA method."

"[Pleurotus ostreatus atau jamur tiram merupakan salah satu cendawan yangdikonsumsi di Indonesia karena tingginya cita rasa dan nilai nutrisi, serta dapatdibudidaya dengan mudah dan murah menggunakan serbuk kayu sebagai mediatumbuh. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh penambahan A. fumigatusdalam proses pengomposan substrat serbuk kayu untuk media tumbuh P. ostreatusterhadap kualitas kompos dan produksi tubuh buah. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa suhu, konsentrasi glukosa, xilosa, N-asetilglukosaminmengalami kenaikan, sedangkan nilai pH, kadar selulosa, dan hemiselulosamengalami penurunan, pada hari ke-0 hingga hari ke-7. Berdasarkan databiokimia tersebut, penambahan A. fumigatus pada saat proses pengomposanmeningkatkan kualitas kompos substrat serbuk kayu. Rata-rata kecepatanpertumbuhan miselia per hari pada kelompok perlakuan (1,10 cm) lebih cepatdibandingkan dengan kontrol (1,07 cm) selama 24 hari pengamatan. Analisis ujistatistik ANAVA terhadap berat segar tubuh buah P. ostreatus menunjukkan hasilyang berbeda nyata secara signifikan (α=0,05) tetapi diameter tudung tidakberbeda. Penambahan A. fumigatus dalam proses pengomposan serbuk kayumeningkatkan tubuh buah hasil panen P. ostreatus.;Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is the most popular edible mushroom in Indonesia because it is delicious and nutritious and can be cultivated easily and inexpensively using sawdust as the substrate The consumption of oyster mushroom is largely because of its taste and nutritional properties The aims of this research were to reveal the effect of A fumigatus addition in composting process using sawdust substrate for P ostreatus growth medium toward compost quality and yield productivity The experiment revealed that the temperature concentration of glucose xylose and N acetylglucosamine increased and the pH value percentage of cellulose and hemicellulose decreased during 7 days of composting process Based on that biochemical parameter addition of A fumigatus during composting process increased sawdust compost quality Mycelia growth rate per day in treatment group 1 10 cm was faster than control group 1 70 cm during 24 days of observation Statistical test analysis using ANAVA for the fresh weight of P ostreatus indicated that the result was significantly different 0 05 but had no significantly different in diameter of the cap Addition of A fumigatus in sawdust composting process increased yield productivity of P ostreatus , Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is the most popular edible mushroom in Indonesia because it is delicious and nutritious and can be cultivated easily and inexpensively using sawdust as the substrate The consumption of oyster mushroom is largely because of its taste and nutritional properties The aims of this research were to reveal the effect of A fumigatus addition in composting process using sawdust substrate for P ostreatus growth medium toward compost quality and yield productivity The experiment revealed that the temperature concentration of glucose xylose and N acetylglucosamine increased and the pH value percentage of cellulose and hemicellulose decreased during 7 days of composting process Based on that biochemical parameter addition of A fumigatus during composting process increased sawdust compost quality Mycelia growth rate per day in treatment group 1 10 cm was faster than control group 1 70 cm during 24 days of observation Statistical test analysis using ANAVA for the fresh weight of P ostreatus indicated that the result was significantly different 0 05 but had no significantly different in diameter of the cap Addition of A fumigatus in sawdust composting process increased yield productivity of P ostreatus ]"

"Tingginya kasus TB paru di Indonesia meningkatkan risiko terjadinya infeksi jamur paru, termasuk Aspergillus spp. yang menyebabkan aspergilosis paru kronik (APK). Identifikasi Aspergillus sampai tingkat spesies perlu dilakukan karena setiap spesies memiliki kepekaan yang berbeda terhadap obat antijamur. Identifikasi fenotipik pada beberapa spesies yang berbeda mungkin identik, sehingga identifikasi molekuler diperlukan untuk memastikan identifikasi spesies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Aspergillus spp. yang diisolasi dari pasien diduga APK dan kepekaannya terhadap obat antijamur. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan metode fenotipik, dilanjutkan dengan uji kepekaan menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Isolat resisten dikonfirmasi dengan identifikasi molekuler menggunakan teknik PCR pada target daerah ITS rDNA dan gen BenA. Identifikasi fenotipik 49 isolat Aspergillus yang berasal dari 39 sputum pasien menunjukkan 25 (51%) isolat A. fumigatus, 17 (34,6%) isolat A. niger, enam (12,2%) isolat A. flavus dan satu (2%) isolat A. clavatus. Uji kepekaan menunjukkan 15 (30,6%) isolat resisten terhadap vorikonazol dan atau itrakonazol yang selanjutnya dikonfirmasi dengan identifikasi molekuler. Hasil sekuensing menunjukkan 11 (73,3%) isolat A. fumigatus, dua (13,3%) isolat A. flavus, satu (6,7%) isolat A. niger, dan satu (6,7%) isolat A. clavatus . Identifikasi fenotipik dan genotipk isolat resisten menunjukkan kesesuaian.

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The increase number of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) can increase the risk to pulmonary fungal infections, including Aspergillus spp. that causes chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). Aspergillus identification to the species level is necessary because each species has a different sensitivity to antifungal agents. The phenotypic identification in some different species may be identical, therefore, the molecular method is recommended to confirm the species. The study aimed to identify Aspergillus isolated from suspected CPA patients and their susceptibility profile to antifungal drugs. Fungal identification was conducted by phenotypic method, while the susceptibility testing performed with disk-diffusion method. The resistant isolates were confirmed by molecular identification using PCR technique in the target area of the ITS rDNA region and BenA gene. The phenotypic identification of 49 Aspergillus isolated from 39 sputum sample showed 25 (51%) isolates of A. fumigatus, 17 (34,6%) isolates of A. niger, six isolates of A. flavus, and one (2%) isolate A. clavatus. The susceptibility testing showed 15 (30,6%) resistant isolates were resistant to voriconazole and or itraconazole which was further confirmed by molecular identification. The sequencing results obtained 11 (73,3%) isolates of A. fumigatus, two (13,3%) isolates of A. flavus, one (6,7%) isolate of A. niger, and one (6,7%) isolate A. clavatus. The results of phenotypic and molecular examinations showed the congruence of the results."

"[Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 merupakan fungi yang mampu menghasilkan senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa lovastatin. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi urea terhadap kemampuan Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 dalam menghasilkan lovastatin. Proses fermentasi menggunakan konsentrasi inokulum Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 sebesar 1,96% (v/v) dalam medium Czapek?s Dox Broth (CDB) modifikasi dengan variasi konsentrasi urea (0mM, 33 mM, 42 mM, 50 mM, 58 mM, dan 67 mM) dan inkubasi selama 7 hari pada suhu ruang (27--300C) dengan kecepatan agitasi 90 rpm. Ekstrak hasil fermentasi dalam etil asetat diuji terhadap Candida albicans UICC Y-29 menggunakan metode difusi agar cara cakram. Ekstrak hasil fermentasi dari konsentrasi urea 42 mM mempunyai indeks penghambatan rata-rata tertinggi sebesar 0,54 ± 0,15. Hasil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) menunjukkan bahwa nilai Rf ekstrak hasil fermentasi dari konsentrasi urea 42 mM sama dengan lovastatin standar, yaitu 0,42 yang mengindikasikan ekstrak mengandunglovastatin. Uji Least Significant Difference (LSD) (P < 0,05) menunjukkanterdapat perbedaan nyata variasi konsentrasi urea terhadap kemampuan Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 dalam menghasilkan lovastatin. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pemberian variasi konsentrasi urea berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 dalam menghasilkan lovastatin.;Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 is capable of producing secondary metabolites such as lovastatin. The study aims to determine the effect of variations of urea concentration on the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. The fermentation process using 1.96% (v/v) inoculum concentration of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 in the Czapek?s Dox Broth (CDB) medium modified with urea concentration variations (0 mM, 33 mM, 42 mM, 50 mM, 58 mM, and 67 mM) and incubated for 7 days at room temperature (27--30 °C) with agitation speed of 90 rpm. Ethyl acetate extracts were tested against Candidaalbicans UICC Y-29 using agar disc diffusion method. The extractfrom fermentation medium of 42 mM urea has the highest average of inhibition index of 0.54 ± 0.15. Results of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed that the extract from fermentation medium of 42 mM urea has the same Rf value with lovastatin standard Rf 0.42 which indicated that the extract contained lovastatin. Least Significant Difference (LSD) test showed that there were significant difference in the urea concentration variation in the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. It shows that variation of urea concentrations affect the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin., Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 is capable of producing secondary metabolites such as lovastatin. The study aims to determine the effect of variations of urea concentration on the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. The fermentation process using 1.96% (v/v) inoculum concentration of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 in the Czapek’s Dox Broth (CDB) medium modified with urea concentration variations (0 mM, 33 mM, 42 mM, 50 mM, 58 mM, and 67 mM) and incubated for 7 days at room temperature (27--30 °C) with agitation speed of 90 rpm. Ethyl acetate extracts were tested against Candidaalbicans UICC Y-29 using agar disc diffusion method. The extractfrom fermentation medium of 42 mM urea has the highest average of inhibition index of 0.54 ± 0.15. Results of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed that the extract from fermentation medium of 42 mM urea has the same Rf value with lovastatin standard Rf 0.42 which indicated that the extract contained lovastatin. Least Significant Difference (LSD) test showed that there were significant difference in the urea concentration variation in the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. It shows that variation of urea concentrations affect the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin.]"

"Sebagian besar timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan oleh masyarakat di Kota Depok adalah sampah organik. Dengan jumlah tempat pemrosesan akhir sampah yang sedikit, maka fasilitas pengomposan menjadi solusi. Namun, fasilitas pengomposan dapat menjadi sumber pencemar mikroorganise yang dapat mempengaruhi pekerja maupun peduduk yang tinggal dekat lokasi pengomposan Salah satu mikroorganisme yang dimaksud adalah jamur Aspergillus fumigatus, dimana jamur tersebut merupakan mikroba indikator yang dapat bersifat patogen yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit Aspergillosis. Fasilitas pengomposan sebagai studi kasus penelitian kali ini adalah UPS TPA Hanggar 4 Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap konsentrasi jamur A. fumigatus di udara dan gundukan kompos, kualitas kompos hasil prosuksi, dan serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi jalur persebaran jamur A. fumigatus. Konsentrasi jamur A. fumigatus di udara diambil dengan menggunakan EMS Bioaerosol Sampler Single Stage Sampler dengan menggunakan media Malt Extract Agar pada area loading sampah, area pencacahan, area gundukan kompos, dan area pengayakan. Pengambilan sampel pada gundukan kompos dilakukan pada kedalaman 20 cm, 90 cm, dan 160 cm dari permukaan kompos. Pengambilan sampel di udara dan gundukan kompos tersebut dilakukan setiap 7 hari sekali selama 70 hari. Parameter kualitas kompos utama yang diteliti adalah suhu kompos, pH, kadar air, rasio C/N, serta kemampuan ikat air WHC, dengan parameter tambahan pada kompos umur 7 hari dan kompos matang yaitu lignin, total Phosphor, dan kadar volatil. Konsentrasi jamur A. fumigatus di udara pada keempat area pengambilan sampel tertinggi adalah 15,6 x 10 CFU/m pada area loading sampah pada minggu ke-28 dan gundukan kompos pada umur kompos 14 hari yaitu sebesar 116 CFU/gram. Berdasarka kualitas kompos yang didapatkan juga memenuhi rentang baku mutu SNI 19-7030-2004. Konsentrasi jamur A. fumigatus pada fasilitas pengomposan utamanya dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan seperti pembalikan, pencacahan, loading sampah, maupun pengayakan kompos, namun turut dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain seperti suhu udara, kelembapan udara, serta kecepatan dan arah angin. A. fumigatus dapat menyebabkan penyakit seperti, Aspergillosis, pada pernapasan dan kulit manusia.

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Most of the waste produced by people in Depok City is organic waste. With a big amount of final waste bin, the composting facility becomes the solution. However, the composting facility can be a source of micro pollutants that can affect the workers and people near the location of the composting site. One of the microorganisms is called Aspergillus fumigatus fungus, an indicator that can affect Aspergillosis disease. Composting facility as case study of this case is UPS TPA Hanggar 4 Cipayung, Depok, West Java. The research was focus on fungi A. fumigatus content in air and mound of compost, quality of compost result, and also factors that is influencing fungus A. fumigatus distribution path. The concentration of fungus A. fumigatus was solved by using EMS Bioaerosol Sampler Single Stage Sampler with Malt Extract Agar media in feedstock loading area, shredding area, compost mound area, and sieving area. Sampling at the mound is carried out at a depth of 20 cm, 90 cm, and 160 cm from the compost surface. Sampling in air and mound of compost is done every 7 days for 70 days. The main compost quality parameters studied were compost temperature, pH, moisture content, C N ratio, and water holding capability WHC, with additional parameters on 7 days old sompost and mature compost ie lignin, total phosphor, and volatile solid. The concentration of air fungi A. fumigatus in the highest sampling peak area was 15.6 10 CFU m at waste loading area at week 28 and compost mound at 14 days compost time was 116 CFU gram. Based on the quality of the compost obtained also meets the quality standard of SNI 19 7030 2004. Concentration of fungus A. fumigatus in composting facility not only influenced by activities such as turning, shredding, feedstock loading, and sieving, but also influenced by factors such as air temperature, humidity, and wind speed and direction. A. fumigatus can cause diseases such as, Aspergillosis, on the breathing and human skin."

"Salah satu permasalahan kesehatan utama di Indonesia merupakan penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan. Penyakit saluran pernapasan dapat diakibatkan oleh jamur, sehingga disebut mikosis paru. Jamur-jamur penyebab infeksi saluran pernapasan pada manusia terdiri atas banyak spesies mulai dari spesies-spesies Candida sp. hingga spesies jamur penyebab mikosis yang lebih patogen, yaitu Aspergillus fumigatus. Metode biakan spesimen respirasi berupa sputum dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies jamur penyebab mikosis paru. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil kultur yang dapat tumbuh pada media agar saboraud dekstrosa dengan metode biakan konvensional menggunakan agar miring dan metode biakan High Volume Culture pada cawan petri (plate). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang di mana hasil kultur diidentifikasi dari sputum yang dibiakan pada metode yang berbeda. Data hasil kultur pada dua metode berbeda tersebut kemudian dianalisis korelasinya dengan uji McNemar dan didapatkan nilai kemaknaan p=0.000. Hubungan antara metode biakan dengan hasil kultur mempunyai korelasi yang signifikan (p<0.05). Oleh karena itu, metode High Volume Culture merupakan metode yang lebih baik untuk menumbuhkan lebih banyak koloni jamur termasuk Aspergillus fumigatus dibandingkan dengan metode kultur konvensional.

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One of the main health problems in Indonesia is respiratory disease. Respiratory disease can be caused by fungus, so-called lung mycosis. The fungi species that cause respiratory infections in humans are ranged from Candida sp. to more dangerous species such as Aspergillus fumigatus. Culture methods using respiratory specimen especially sputum can be used to identify species of fungi that cause pulmonary mycosis. This study was conducted to compare the culture results between conventional culture methods on sloped agar and high volume culture method on plate. This study used a cross-sectional design in which the data of culture results were obtained from different culture methods. High volume culture method grew more colonies including Aspergillus fumigatus than conventional culture method which grew no Aspergillus fumigatus. The correlation of data between culture methods and culture results were analyzed with McNemar test and it showed p=0.000. The relationship between the culture method and culture results has a significant correlation (p<0.05). Therefore, high volume culture was a better method to grow more fungal colonies including Aspergillus fumigatus than conventional culture method."