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ABSTRACT
Air poros sedimen menyimpan informasi penting tentang status geokimia dan ekologi sedimen sehingga analisis air paras sedimen sering dilibatkan dalam studi ilmu lingkungan. Secara umum pengambilan air paras sedimen dapat dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu ex situ dan in situ. Metode ex situ dilakukan dengan mengambil sedimen dari Iapangan kemudian air poros diekstraksi di laboratorium menggunakan leknik peras (squeeze) dan juga teknik sentrifugasi. Sedangkan metode in situ dilakukan dengan mengambil air paras langsung dilokasi menggunakan teknik hisap (suction) dan juga teknik dialysis. Artikel ini akan mengulas tentang ke empat teknik pengambilan sampel air poros sedimen yang umum digunakan beserta kelebihan dan kekurangan masing masing teknik. Dari keempat teknik tersebut, tidak terdapat teknik yang paling unggul dan paling dianjurkan penggunaannya dibandingkan dengan teknik yang lainnya. Pemilihan teknik yang tepat harus disesuaikan dengan tujuan dari pengambilan sampel itu sendiri.

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ABSTRACT
Oceans cover 70 percent of the Earth surface. Coastal and shallow water areas contain the most productive and diverse ecosystem, including coral reefs, mangroves and sea grass beds. Coral reefs, as referred to the tropical rainforest of the ocean, is a marine system whose valued about 30 million USD per year: Coral protects shares and islands from the strong waves and surges. Along with sea grass beds and mangroves, coral reefs acts as the biggest carbon sink from atmosphere in the earth. The tropical coral reefs worldwide cover an area of 284. 000 km2 can absorb carbon as much as 4 milion tons carbondioxide every year: It is five times higher than tropical rain forests can absorb. It is why people called it as blue carbon. On the other hand, some people say that coral reef is also acts as the carbon source.

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Fishing activities currently require good management, in order to meet the protein needs of the community. Knowledge on the distribution pattern of fishes related to the condition of marine waters is one way of good management efforts. Several oceanographic parameters that can affect the distribution of fishes are SST (Sea Surface Temperature), chlorophyll a, salinity, and others. Each type offish has different optimal level of particular oceanographic parameters. The distribution of oceanographic parameters are effected by West monsoon, East monsoon and the season inbetween. Therefore, by studying oceanographic parameters on a regular basis, we can determine the fishing areas.

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MECHANISM OF GENETIC DISORDER AND MUTATION ON BIVALVES INFLUENCED BY LEAD. Bivalves have a feeding mechanism of suspension-feeder or deposit-feeder or both, making bivalves consume the material contained in either beneficial or toxic water. Bivalve can survive even with the condition of polluted waters, including the concentration of heavy metals that exceed a specified threshold. Lead is one type of harmful pollutants originating from anthropogenic activities and contaminated marine waters. The purpose of this paper is to provide knowledge about the process or mechanism of bivalves to defend itself against lead, which can be found in their environment, especially genetic disorders and mutations that may be experienced by marine bivalves as a result of exposure to lead.

Abstrak :
This volume offers a general description of reservoir limnology in tropical and subtropical China. It functions as a window opening to all the aquatic scientists with a main focus on reservoirs in southern China and at the same time also covering several important, large reservoirs such as the Three Gorge Reservoir and Danjiangko Reservoir. Topics discussed are zooplankton, phytoplankton and zoobenthos communities, cyanobateria, nutrient budget, sediments, biogeochemical cycling of mercury, fishery and eutrophication.