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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kinerja absorpsi gas CO2 melalui membran kontaktor superhidrofobik. Kinerja kontaktor membran superhidrofobik ini ditinjau dari empat parameter utama dengan variasi laju alir pelarut Air (100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400 dan 500 mL/menit) dan jumlah serat membran kontaktor (2000, 4000 dan 6000). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan laju alir pelarut Air meningkatkan kinerja kontaktor membran superhidrofobik, dalam hal koefisien perpindahan massa, fluks dan efisiensi penyerapan CO2. Kenaikan jumlah serat membran juga akan meningkatkan koefisien perpindahan massa dan fluks CO2. Koefisien perpindahan massa dan fluks CO2 tertinggi yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini berturut-turut adalah 1,69 x 10-4 cm/s dan 1,7 x 10-5 mmol/cm2s pada laju alir Air 500 mL/menit dan jumlah serat membran 6000. Sedangkan efisiensi penyerapan CO2 tertinggi adalah 29,5% pada laju alir Air 500 mL/menit juga pada jumlah serat membran 6000.

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This study evaluated the performance of absorption of CO2 through the superhydrophobic contactor membrane. Superhydrophobic contactor membrane performance is evaluated from four main parameters with the variation of solvent flow rates of water (100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 500 mL/min) and the amount of contactors membrane fibers (2000, 4000, and 6000). The results of this study indicate that the increase in the flow rate of the water solvent, increases superhydrophobic contactor membranes performance in terms of mass transfer coefficient, flux, and the efficiency CO2 absorption. The increase in the number of membrane fibers also increases the mass transfer coefficient and CO2 flux. The mass transfer coefficient and the highest CO2 flux were obtained in this study are 1.69 x 10-4 cm/s and 1.7 x 10-5 mmol/cm2s respectively when water flow rate is 500 mL/min and the amount of fiber membranes is 6000. The highest CO2 absorption efficiency is 29.5% when water flow rate is 500 mL/min and the amount of membrane fiber is 6000.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae merupakan suatu spesies ganggang biru-hijau yang dimanfaatkan sebagai suplemen nutrisi di seluruh dunia termasuk di Indonesia dan diketahui memiliki banyak aktivitas biologis bermanfaat seperti efek anti-inflamasi, anti-oksidan dan analgetik. Osteoartritis (OA) lutut merupakan permasalahan yang cukup sering didapatkan pada lanjut usia (lansia) namun sampai saat ini belum tersedia modalitas farmakologik sebagai terapi ajuvan yang sesuai dan aman pada kelompok lansia. Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae dapat menjadi alternatif yang baik sebagai terapi ajuvan dalam tatalaksana pasien lansia dengan OA lutut. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengkaji pengaruh AFA terhadap perbaikan klinis OA lutut pada lansia berdasarkan indeks WOMAC. Metode : Dilakukan uji klinis acak tersamar ganda mulai November 2014 hingga Mei 2015 terhadap pasien lanjut usia dengan OA lutut di poliklinik Geriatri dan Reumatologi di RSUP Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu satu kelompok mendapat kapsul berisi AFA 2 kali 2 kapsul (1,28 g/hari) dan kelompok lainnya mendapat plasebo selama 60 hari. Skor Indeks WOMAC dinilai pada hari ke-1 dan hari ke-60 untuk menilai luaran klinis pasien OA. Perbedaan skor indeks WOMAC pada akhir penelitian dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil : Dari total 254 subjek didapatkan 98 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria awal penelitian dan kemudian dilakukan randomisasi menjadi kelompok perlakuan dan plasebo, masing-masing terdiri dari 49 subjek. Kedua kelompok sebanding pada seluruh faktor prognostik penting. Setelah analisis, skor indeks WOMAC komposit kelompok AFA berbeda secara bermakna (p<0,001) dibanding plasebo pada akhir penelitian dengan masing-masing skor 8 (median,RIK 3-18) vs. 18 (median,RIK 8-32). Tidak ditemukan adanya efek samping yang serius selama penelitian. Simpulan : Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae dapat memperbaiki klinis berdasarkan skor indeks WOMAC serta aman diberikan pada pasien lansia dengan OA lutut.

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ABSTRACT
Background: Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae is a species of blue-green algae which is commonly used as nutritional supplement in the world, including in Indonesia and is known to have many beneficial biological activities such as antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant and analgesics. Osteoarthritis (OA) knee is a problem that is quite common in the older people but until now there has not been pharmacologic modalities as a adjunctive therapy available which are suitable and safe. Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae may become a good alternative as an adjunctive therapy in older patients with knee OA. Objective : To determine the effect of AFA on the improvement of clinical outcome of Knee OA in older patients based on WOMAC index scores. Methods : A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 2014 until May 2015 to older adult patients with Knee OA at the Geriatric and Rheumatology clinic in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The subjects were divided into groups, each group received capsules containing AFA 2 times 2 capsules (1.28 gr/day) and the other received placebo for 60 days. WOMAC Index scores were assessed at day 1 and day 60. The difference in assessment of WOMAC index scores of each group at the end of the study were analyzed by Mann-Whitney. Results : Out of total 254 subjects, there were 98 patients who met the initial criteria and were randomized into two groups, AFA and placebo group with each consisting of 49 subjects. Both groups were comparable in all important prognostic factors. The composite WOMAC Index scores in AFA group was significantly different than the placebo group at the end of the study (p <0.001), with each score of 8 (IQR,median 3-18) vs. 18 (IQR,median 8-32) respectively. There was no serious adverse events found throughout the study. Conclusion : Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae was able to show clinical improvement based on WOMAC scoring index and safe to use in the older adults with Knee OA.;Background: Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae is a species of blue-green algae which is commonly used as nutritional supplement in the world, including in Indonesia and is known to have many beneficial biological activities such as antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant and analgesics. Osteoarthritis (OA) knee is a problem that is quite common in the older people but until now there has not been pharmacologic modalities as a adjunctive therapy available which are suitable and safe. Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae may become a good alternative as an adjunctive therapy in older patients with knee OA. Objective : To determine the effect of AFA on the improvement of clinical outcome of Knee OA in older patients based on WOMAC index scores. Methods : A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 2014 until May 2015 to older adult patients with Knee OA at the Geriatric and Rheumatology clinic in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The subjects were divided into groups, each group received capsules containing AFA 2 times 2 capsules (1.28 gr/day) and the other received placebo for 60 days. WOMAC Index scores were assessed at day 1 and day 60. The difference in assessment of WOMAC index scores of each group at the end of the study were analyzed by Mann-Whitney. Results : Out of total 254 subjects, there were 98 patients who met the initial criteria and were randomized into two groups, AFA and placebo group with each consisting of 49 subjects. Both groups were comparable in all important prognostic factors. The composite WOMAC Index scores in AFA group was significantly different than the placebo group at the end of the study (p <0.001), with each score of 8 (IQR,median 3-18) vs. 18 (IQR,median 8-32) respectively. There was no serious adverse events found throughout the study. Conclusion : Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae was able to show clinical improvement based on WOMAC scoring index and safe to use in the older adults with Knee OA.