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"Pemahaman karakteristik sel punca kanker merupakan salah satu cara untuk menemukan terapi yang tepat untuk mengobati penyakit kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan pengaruh lingkungan mikro yang dihasilkan oleh sel fibroblas normal dan kanker terhadap pluripotensi sel punca kanker payudara. Sel fibroblas dan sel punca kanker payudara masing-masing dikultur dengan menggunakan medium kultur DMEM high glucose. Kemudian sel punca kanker diko-kultur dengan sel fibroblas, baik sel fibroblas normal maupun kanker. Pengukuran pluripotensi dilakukan dengan 2 cara, yaitu pengukuran ekspresi penanda permukaan CD44+/CD24+ dengan spektrofluorometer dan pengukuran ekspresi SOX2 dengan menggunakan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa pluripotensi sel punca kanker payudara menurun pada sel punca kanker yang diko-kultur dengan sel fibroblas, baik fibroblas normal maupun kanker, namun, ekspresi penanda permukaan dan SOX2 pada sel punca kanker yang diko-kultur dengan sel fibroblas kanker lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang diko-kultur dengan sel fibroblas normal. Dari hasil ini, kami menyimpulkan bahwa lingkungan mikro yang dihasilkan sel fibroblas normal dan kanker mampu menurunkan tingkat pluripotensi sel punca kanker payudara sehingga lingkungan mikro dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana untuk menghilangkan sel punca kanker.

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Understanding and figuring out the characteristics of cancer stem cells is believed as a way to find a perfect therapy in treating cancer disease. This research aims to find out the effect of the microenvironment provided by either normal fibroblast cells or cancer fibroblast cells toward the pluripotent characteristics of breast cancer stem cells. Both the fibroblast cells and the cancer stem cells were cultured independently using DMEM high glucose. The cancer stem cells were then cocultured into the fibroblast cells, both normal and cancer cells. The pluripotent characteristics were measured using two methods; expression of CD44+/CD24+ cell surface markers using fluorescent spectroscopy and expression of SOX2 using reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that the expression of both CD44+/CD24+ cell surface markers and SOX2 decreased in breast cancer stem cells co-cultured with the fibroblast cells, whereas the expression in the cancer stem cells co-cultured with cancer fibroblast cells were higher than those co-cultured with the normal fibroblast cells. From the results, we suggest that the microenvironment created by either normal fibroblast cells or cancer fibroblast cells could decrease the pluripotent characteristics of breast cancer stem cells, hence microenvironment can be used as a tool to eradicate cancer stem cells."

"Latar Belakang: Kanker serviks menjadi salah satu kanker penyebab mortalitas tertinggi bagi perempuan. Terapi konvensional kanker serviks memiliki biaya yang tinggi, kesulitan akses terhadap fasilitas, dan berbagai efek samping sehingga mendorong pencarian bahan alternatif terapi kanker serviks. Iler (Plectranthus scutellarioides) merupakan tanaman obat tradisional yang mudah ditemukan dan dikenal oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Iler memiliki kandungan senyawa anti-kanker yang tinggi dan telah teruji menurunkan risiko infeksi Human Papilloma Virus. Penelitian ini ingin menguji efek sitotoksik ekstrak etanol daun iler terhadap sel kanker serviks HeLa.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental in-vitro. Daun iler diekstrak dengan maserasi etanol, lalu diencerkan menjadi tujuh serial konsentrasi (3.125ppm, 6.25ppm, 12.5ppm, 25ppm, 50 pm, 100ppm, 200ppm). Perlakuan terhadap kultur sel HeLa terbagi menjadi satu kelompok kontrol negatif, tujuh kelompok konsentrasi ekstrak, dan tujuh kelompok kontrol positif doksorubisin dengan konsentrasi serial yang sama. Dilakukan tiga pengulangan untuk setiap kelompok. Uji MTT terhadap hasil perlakuan memperoleh nilai absorbansi yang menggambarkan inhibisi sel HeLa. Persentase inhibisi digunakan untuk mencari IC50 serta dibandingkan antar kelompok perlakuan untuk menilai perbedaan inhibisi yang bermakna antara kelompok ekstrak dan doksorubisin. Hasil: Nilai IC50 pemberian ekstrak etanol daun iler terhadap sel HeLa adalah 182,578μg/ml. Terdapat perbedaan inhibisi yang signifikan antara kelompok konsentrasi ekstrak 100 ppm dengan doksorubisin 100 ppm (p=0.003).Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun iler memiliki sitotoksisitas moderat terhadap sel HeLa dengan IC50 sebesar 182,578μg/ml dan perbedaan inhibisi yang bermakna terhadap kontrol positif.

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Introduction: Cervical cancer has become one of the leading death causes for women. Conventional cervical cancer therapies are expensive, difficult to obtain, with numerous side effects, prompting the search of an alternative medicine. Iler (Plectranthus scutellarioides) is a traditional medicinal plant that is well-known among Indonesian people. Iler contains a high concentration of anti-cancer compounds and has been studied for its ability to reduce Human Papillomavirus infection risk. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of iler leaf on the HeLa cervical cancer cell line.

Methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, iler leaf was extracted using ethanolic maceration and then diluted into seven serial concentrations (3.125ppm, 6.25ppm, 12.5ppm, 25ppm, 50 pm, 100ppm, 200ppm). The treatments given to HeLa cells were divided into one negative control group, seven extract concentration groups, and seven doxorubicin positive control groups. Three samples were used for each group. The MTT assay revealed the absorbance value that indicated HeLa cell inhibition. The inhibition percentage was used to calculate the IC50 value and compared between the extract and doxorubicin intervention groups to see if there was any significance in the difference in HeLa cell inhibition.

Results: The IC50 value of the ethanolic extract of iler leaf on HeLa cells is 182,578μg/ml. There is a significant inhibition difference between extract group and doxorubicin group in 100 ppm concentration (p=0.003).

Conclusion: Ethanolic extract has a moderate cytotoxicity for HeLa cells with IC50 value of 182,578μg/ml, despite a significant difference compared with the positive control."

"DNA topoisomerases represent an essential family of DNA processing enzymes and a large number of topoisomerase inhibitors are used clinically for the treatment of various human cancers. Novels drugs are in clinical development both against type I and type II topoisomerases. The book will include basic biochemical and structural reviews for the cancer-relevant topoisomerases. It will describe how topoisomerase dysfunctions can damage the genome and increase the risk of cancers, and the involvement of topoisomerases in programmed cell death. The book will also present the various topoisomerase inhibitors in clinical use and development and their molecular and cellular mechanisms of action."