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"Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu penyebab terbesar kematian akibat infeksi nosokomial dengan resistensi yang tinggi. Antimycin A3 memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Modifikasi dilakukan dengan membuka inti dilakton cincin sembilan dan menambahkan segmen aromatis sederhana pada 15 senyawa analog Antimycin A3. Metode uji menggunakan makrodilusi broth untuk melihat derajat kekeruhan yang dilaporkan sebagai Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Senyawa uji dilarutkan oleh DMSO 1% (v/v), lalu dicampurkan dalam medium Brain Heart Infusion (BHI). Setiap senyawa dibagi menjadi konsentrasi 400, 200, 100 dan 50 μg/mL. Ciprofloxacine dan co-amoxiclav dipakai sebagai kontrol positif. Kontaminasi dicegah dengan kontrol medium, kontrol senyawa, kontrol bakteri dan kontrol pelarut. Hasil pengamatan dikonfirmasi dengan menumbuhkan bakteri pada medium agar darah. Hasil uji menyatakan senyawa analog 6, 10, dan 12 memiliki MIC > 400 μg/mL dan senyawa analog 9 memiliki MIC > 200 μg/mL terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Modifikasi pada senyawa analog 9 dengan menambahkan N-metil-3 formamido-2-metoksi pada cincin aromatis dan L-threonin-allyl ester terhidroksilasi dengan salah satu gugus hidroksil pada posisi bottom-facial stereochemistry, berkontribusi meningkatkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Namun, hasil penelitian tidak bermakna secara klinis, karena standar MIC sebagai antibakteri adalah < 128 mg/mL.

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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the top nosocomial infection death causes. This bacteria had high resistance against various antibiotics. Antimycin A3 has antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Modification was conducted by opened the 9-membered dilactone ring and added simple aromatics segment on 15 analogue compound Antimycin A3. Macrodilution broth method was used to observe the turbidity degree which was presented in Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Test compounds were dissolved in DMSO 1% and mixed in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium. Each compound was divided into 400, 200, 100 and 50 μg/mL concentrations. Ciprofloxacine and co-amoxiclav were used as positive controls. The contamination was prevented by medium, compound, bacterial, and solvent controls.

The observation was confirmed by growing the bacteria on medium control. The test resulted with the MIC of analogue compounds 6, 10, and 12 against Staphylococcus aureus is > 400 μg/mL. Analogue compound 9 with MIC > 200 μg/mL had higher activity than Antimycin A3 against Staphylococcus aureus. Modifications of analogue compound 9 by adding N-methyl-3-methoxy formamido-2 on the aromatic ring and L-threonine-allyl ester hydroxylated with one hydroxyl group on bottom-facial stereochemistry position contributed to the increase in antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. However, the results aren’t clinically significant because the standard MIC as an antibacterial agent is < 128 μg/mL.Staphylococcus Aureus."

"Antimycin A3 merupakan substansi dari bakteri Streptomyces sp. yang memiliki efek antikanker dan antifungi. Dari senyawa ini telah disintesis 15 senyawa analog antimycin A3 rantai terbuka beserta segmen aromatik sederhana, yang kemudian diuji aktivitas antibakterinya sebagai inhibitor pertumbuhan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa adalah salah satu bakteri tersering yang menyebabkan infeksi nosokomial dengan resistensi yang tinggi terhadap berbagai antibiotik. Antimycin A3 dan senyawa analognya dilarutkan dalam DMSO 1%. Tiap senyawa dibagi ke dalam enam kelompok konsentrasi, yaitu 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, dan 1600 μg/mL. Sebagai kontrol positif digunakan antibiotik ceftazidim. Selain itu juga digunakan kontrol DMSO 1%, kontrol bakteri, dan kontrol senyawa. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode makrodilusi broth dengan mengamati derajat kekeruhan larutan. Hasil uji dinyatakan dengan Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Data penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif, yang menunjukkan bahwa senyawa 14 dengan struktur kimia aromatik sederhana memberikan aktivitas penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri P. aeruginosa dengan MIC 1600 μg/mL. Hasil pengamatan kultur larutan dalam plat agar darah menunjukkan masih terdapat pertumbuhan bakteri, sehingga disimpulkan senyawa 14 memiliki sifat menghambat namun tidak dapat membunuh bakteri P. aeruginosa.

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Antimycin A3 is a substance isolated from Streptomyces sp. with an anticancer and antifungal effects. From it had been synthesized fifteen open-chained and simple aromatic segment analogue compounds, on which were tested for their antibacterial activity as Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth inhibitor. P. aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infection with high resistance against various antibiotics. Antimycin A3 and its analogue compounds were dissolved in DMSO 1%. Each compound was divided into six concentration groups, which were 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 μg/mL. Ceftazidim was used as the positive control. There were also a control for each of DMSO 1%, P. aeruginosa, dan all 17 compounds.

Antibacterial activity was tested using macrodilution broth method by assessing the level of turbidity of each solution. The result was stated in Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The data was analized descriptively and it showed that compound 14 with a simple aromatic chemical structure had a growth inhibiting activity against P. aeruginosa at an MIC of 1600 μg/mL. The blood culture result of said compound showed there was still bacterial growth, and so it was concluded that compound 14 had an inhibiting property but it could not kill P. aeruginosa."