Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Hasil Pencarian

Ditemukan 14 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
cover
Abstrak :
[Latar Belakang: Xanthorrhizol dalam minyak atsiri temulawak memiliki efek antibakteri dan minyak atsiri tersebut berpotensi sebagai bahan dasar antibakteri dalam sediaan obat kumur. Tujuan: menguji efek antibakteri minyak astiri temulawak terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Metode: S. mutans ATCC 25175 dibiakkan dalam medium cair TYS20B selama 3 x 24 jam dipaparkan dengan delapan konsentrasi minyak atsiri yang berbeda selama 24 dan 48 jam dan menguji efek antibakteri dengan metode dilusi. Hasil: kadar hambat minimum minyak atsiri temulawak terlihat pada konsentrasi 35% sedangkan kadar bunuh minimum pada konsentrasi 50%. Kesimpulan: minyak atsiri temulawak memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap S. mutans., Background: Xanthorrhizol contained in Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb essential oil.has an antibacterial effect and its essential oil is potentially to be an antibacterial basic ingredients in mouthwash. Objective: to analyze the antibacterial effect in Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. essential oils is tested to Streptococcus mutans. Method: S.mutans ATCC 25175 are cultured in TYS20B broth medium for 3 x 24 hours. An antibacterial activity tested by dilution method. Results: the MIC of essential oil was seen in 35% where the MBC was 50%. Conclusion: essential oils Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. has antibacterial effect against S. mutan.]
Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Sherly Firsta Rahmi
Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Salah satu sifat material restorasi yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam mencegah karies sekunder adalah sifat anti bakteri. Material yang mempunyai sifat anti bakteri lebih tinggi akan memiliki kemampuan pencegahan perkembangan biofilm yang lebih baik. Diantara berbagai jenis material restorasi yang berkembang di pasaran, Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) memiliki sifat anti bakteri yang paling baik. Hal ini dikarenakan SIK memiliki kemampuan pelepasan fluor. Dalam perkembangannya, Shofu Inc. memperkenalkan sebuah material bernama Giomer. Giomer merupakan material yang memiliki kemampuan pelepasan fluor. Giomer akan menciptakan fase glass-ionomer yang stabil, kemudian menginduksi reaksi asam basa antara fluor dan asam polikarboksilat dalam air yang dikembangkan sebagai filler Pre-Reacted Glass-Ionomer (PRG). Tujuan: Melihat pengaruh perbedaan kandungan fluor terhadap Pembentukan biofilm bakteri antara SIK dan Giomer. Metode: Sebanyak 32 sampel dipersiapkan dengan ukuran Ø 7 mm dan tinggi 2 mm, terdiri dari 16 sampel kelompok SIK dan 16 sampel kelompok Giomer yang kemudian akan didiamkan selama 3 hari dengan kultur bakteri Streptococcus mutans di dalam suhu 37oC. Bakteri akan dihitung menggunakan Colony Forming Unit dan gambaran permukaan material diamati menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope serta analisis elemen yang terdapat di dalamnya menggunakan analisis EDX. Hasil: Hasil pengujian didapatkan bahwa biofilm bakteri yang pada permukaan Giomer lebih tinggi daripada biofilm bakteri pada SIK, meskipun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p>0.05). Terdapat banyak kesamaan antara elemen yang terkandung dalam SIK dan Giomer diantaranya ion C, O, F, Na, Al, Si, P dan Ca. ......Background: One of the properties of restorative materials that is needed to prevent secondary caries is anti bacterial properties. Materials that have higher anti bacterial properties will be better in preventing the growth of biofilms. Among the various types of restorative materials, Glass Ionomer Cements have the best anti bacterial properties. This is due to GIC has the good ability in fluoride release. In its development, Shofu Inc. introducing a material called Giomer. Giomer is a material that has ability in fluoride release. Giomer will form a stable glass-ionomer phase, then induce an acid-base reaction between fluoride and polycarboxylic acid that is developed as a Pre-Reacted Glass-Ionomer (PRG) fillers. Objective: To see the effect of differences in fluoride amount on formation of bacterial biofilm between Glass Ionomer Cement and Giomer. Methods: A total of 32 samples were prepared with the size of 7 mm in diameters and 2 mm in height. The samples consist of 16 of GIC samples, and 16 of Giomer. Both materials then allowed to incubated for 3 days with Streptococcus mutans culture at 37oC. Bacteria will be counted using Colony Forming Unit, observation material surface using Scanning Electron Microscope and element analysis provided using EDX. Results: The results showed that the bacterial biofilm on Giomer surface was higher than GIC, although there is no significant difference. There are many similarities between the elements contained in GIC and Giomer including ion C, O, F, Na, Al, Si, P and Ca.
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2019
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Georgius Argahananda Andika
Abstrak :
Minuman kefir merupakan suatu produk fermentasi yang dapat dibuat secara mudah dan murah. Minuman kefir dikenal luas sebagai suatu minuman probiotik. Pembuatan kefir dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan baik susu sapi maupun susu kambing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri dari kefir susu sapi dan susu kambing, serta mengisolasi bakteri lactobacilli yang berperan. Aktivitas antibakteri dari kefir diuji berdasarkan perbedaan pada jenis susu yang digunakan dan lama waktu fermentasi. Isolasi dan karakterisasi isolat dilakukan berdasarkan Cowan and Steel’s Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. Kefir dibuat dengan menginokulasikan 5% (w/v) granula kefir lokal ke dalam 50 mL susu sapi atau kambing yang telah dipasteurisasi. Fermentasi dilakukan selama 3, 4, dan 5 hari untuk kedua jenis susu. Uji antibakteri dari kefir dilakukan dengan metode difusi menggunakan silinder (cylinder diffusion method) terhadap 5 bakteri uji, yaitu Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 100910, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DRK 9.1, Eschericia coli NBRC 3301, Bacillus subtilis NBRC 13719 dan Kocuria rhizophila NBRC 12708. Pengukuran nilai pH kefir dilakukan dengan pH meter dan nilai total asam kefir dengan metode titrasi. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri dari kefir susu sapi maupun susu kambing menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antibakteri terhadap kelima bakteri uji. Secara umum kefir susu sapi menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih kecil dari kefir susu kambing, baik dari hasil fermentasi dengan lama waktu 3, 4, maupun 5 hari. Selanjutnya, aktivitas antibakteri yang paling optimal secara umum diperoleh pada kefir dengan lama fermentasi 4 hari baik untuk kefir susu sapi maupun susu kambing. Sebanyak 9 isolat bakteri berhasil diisolasi. Seluruhnya menunjukkan karakteristik bakteri yang berasal dari kelompok lactobacilli. ......Kefir is a fermented beverage that can be made easily and cheaply. Kefir is widely known as a probiotic beverage. The production of kefir can be done using either cow milk or goat milk. This study aims to examine the antibacterial activity of cow milk and goat milk kefir, as well as to isolate responsible lactobacilli bacteria. The antibacterial activity of kefir is examined based on differences in type of milk used and fermentation time. The isolation and characterization of isolates is done according to Cowan and Steel’s Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. The kefirs are made by inoculating 5% (w/v) local kefir grains into 50 mL pasteurized cow milk or goat milk. Fermentation was carried out for 3, 4, and 5 days for both types of milk. The antibacterial test of kefirs was carried out using diffusion method utilizing cylinders (cylinder diffusion method) against 5 test bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 100910, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DRK 9.1, Eschericia coli NBRC 3301, Bacillus subtilis NBRC 13719 and Kocuria rhizophila NBRC 12708. The measurement of kefir pH values was performed using pH meter and kefir total acidities by using titration method. Antibacterial activity test results from either cow milk or goat milk kefir showed the presence of antibacterial activity against five test bacteria. In general, cow milk kefir showed lower antibacterial activity than goat milk kefir in fermentation times of either 3, 4, or 5 days. Furthermore, the most optimal antibacterial activity was generally obtained in kefirs with a fermentation time of 4 days for both cow milk and goat milk kefir. A total of 9 bacterial isolates were successfully isolated. All of which shows the characteristics of bacteria from the lactobacilli group.
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2023
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Thohir Perdana Putra
Abstrak :
Salah satu hal mendasar yang mempengaruhi kerasionalan penggunaan antibakteri adalah pengetahuan. Guru SMA sebagai masyarakat berpendidikan tinggi dan bertugas mencerdaskan generasi muda diharapkan dapat ikut berperan dalam penggunaan antibakteri yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan dan pola penggunaan antibakteri oleh guru SMA Negeri di Kota Depok. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang dan pengambilan data melalui kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan realibilitasnya. Kuesioner terdiri dari indikator untuk menilai pengetahuan, penggunaan dan data demografi pasien. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dari Maret-April 2013 secara consecutive sampling. Populasi adalah seluruh guru yang mengajar SMA Negeri di Kota Depok, sampel adalah guru yang menggunakan antibakteri dalam tiga bulan terakhir. Jumlah sampel adalah 106 orang. Hasil analisis data memperlihatkan bahwa 42,45% guru memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai antibakteri. Selain itu diketahui sebanyak 60% guru memiliki pola penggunaan antibakteri yang sesuai. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa tempat mengajar (p=0,018), jenis kelamin (p=0,042) dan usia (p=0,049) memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan pengetahuan, tetapi tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan pola penggunaan antibakteri oleh guru. ......One of the fundamental things that affect the rational use of antibacterial is knowledge. Public high school teachers as a highly educated society and have duty to develop the young generation is expected to be able to play a role in the rational use of antibacterial. The purposes of this research were to assess the factors that affect knowledge level and patterns of antibacterials use by public high school teachers in Depok City. The research design is cross sectional study and taking data by questionnaire which has been tested for validity and reliability. Questionnaire consists of indicators to assess knowledge, use and patient demographic data. Data collection was conducted on the samples from March- April 2013. Population is teachers who taught in public high school in Depok City, samples are teachers who use antibacterial in the last three months. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling. The numbers of samples were 106 teachers. The results showed that 42.45% of teachers had medium knowledge of antibacterial. On the other hand, 60% teachers had appropriate patterns of antibacterial use. The other results showed that places of teaching (p=0,018), gender (p=0,042) and age (p=0,049) had a significant relation with the knowledge level, but did not had a significant relation with the pattern of antibacterial use.
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S46788
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
cover
Agnes Cindy Nathania Usman
Abstrak :
Antibiotik profilaksis adalah antibiotik yang digunakan untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi. Antibiotik yang biasa digunakan memiliki spektrum sempit, toksisitas rendah, memiliki sifat bakterisidal dan spesifik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis pada pasien yang dilakukan pembedahan di Instalasi Bedah Sentral RSUP Fatmawati periode Januari ndash; Maret 2017 dengan PPAB RSUP Fatmawati tahun 2016 dan ASHP Guidelines tahun 2013. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskriptif analitik dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik total sampling. Pasien yang paling banyak dilakukan pembedahan adalah pasien perempuan 57,54 dan kelompok usia yang paling banyak adalah >45-55 tahun. Rencana pembedahan yang paling banyak dilakukan adalah elektif 73,75 . Divisi pembedahan yang paling banyak dilakukan adalah bedah kebidanan 20,37 . 2.191 pasien mendapatkan antibiotik profilaksis sebelum pembedahan dan persentase divisi pembedahan yang paling banyak menggunakan antibiotik profilaksis adalah bedah digestif 89,15 . Antibiotik profilaksis yang paling banyak digunakan adalah penggunaan tunggal sefazolin 41,05 . Kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis dengan PPAB RSUP Fatmawati tahun 2016 sebesar 51,92 dan kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis dengan ASHP Guidelines 2013 sebesar 43,13.
Prophylactic antibiotics are antibiotics used to prevent infection. Commonly used antibiotics have a narrow spectrum, low toxicity, have a bactericidal activity and specific. The purpose of this study is to see the suitability of the use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgical patients at the Central Surgery Installation of Fatmawati Central General Hospital January March 2017 with Antibiotic Guidelines from Fatmawati Central General Hospital 2016 and ASHP Guidelines 2013. This research method is done analitical descriptively with retrospective retrieval data. Sampling with total sampling technique. Patients most widely performed surgery were female 57.54 and the age group most was 45 55 years. The most widely performed surgical plan was elective 73.75 . The most widely performed surgical division was midwifery surgery 20.37 . 2,191 patients received prophylactic antibiotics before surgery and surgery division percentage of the most widely used surgical antibiotic prophylaxis was digestive 89.15 . The most widely used prophylactic antibiotic is cefazoline 41.05 . The compliance of prophylactic antibiotic usage with Antibiotic Guidelines from Fatmawati Central General Hospital 2016 was 51,92 and compliance of antibiotic prophylaxis with ASHP Guidelines 2013 was 43,13.
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2017
S69649
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Abstrak :
The book starts with four chapters in which the potential, advantages, and phylogeny of enzybiotics are reviewed. Then, the new ways of controlling infections by Gramnegative bacteria and an updated view of bacteriophage holins are presented. After a review of antistaphylococcal lytic enzymes, the book goes on to discuss membrane targeted enzybiotics, as well as the design of phage cocktails for current therapy. Finally, the last two chapters deal respectively with the novel methods to identify new enzybiotics and the use of modified phages to induce suicide in bacteria. Enzybiotics is a promising way of fighting bacterial or fungal infectious diseases by using viruses or viral-derived lysins. Drawing from the fields of medicinal chemistry, microbiology, genetics, and biochemistry, this book presents the state of the science in enzybiotics research, fully exploring its emerging therapeutic applications. The book begins with four chapters that review the potential applications, possible advantages, and phylogeny of enzybiotics. Next, the book explores : - A new approach to controlling infections using Gram-negative bacteria - Bacteriophage holins and their membrane-disrupting activity - Anti-staphylococcal lytic enzymes - Membrane-targeted enzybiotics - Design of phage cocktails for therapy from a host-range point of view - Novel methods to identify new enzybiotics - Genetically modified phages that deliver suicidal genes to target bacteria The authors, all active enzybiotics researchers, offer a variety of perspectives, the benefit of their own hands-on investigations, as well as a thorough review and analysis of the current literature. As more and more bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, the development of new disease-fighting agents has become essential. This book demonstrates the full potential of the emerging field of enzybiotics to control infectious diseases. Moreover, it will serve as a springboard for new research and the development of new therapeutics.
Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2010
e20393912
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Skold, Ola
Abstrak :
This book, which is the translated version of a Swedish book, combines a general introduction of a variety of antibiotics with a more in-depth discussion of resistance. The focus on resistance in learning about antibiotics will help future scientists recognize the problem antibiotics resistance poses for medicinal and drug-related fields, and perhaps trigger more research and discoveries to fight antibiotic resistant strains. Current overviews of the topic are included, along with specific discussions on the individual mechanisms (betalactams, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, etc) used in various antibacterial agents and explanations of how resistances to those develop. Methods for counteracting resistance development in bacteria are discussed as well.
Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2011
e20394988
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Dougherty, Thomas J.
Abstrak :
This volume covers all aspects of the antibiotic discovery and development process through Phase II/III. The contributors, a group of highly experienced individuals in both academics and industry, include chapters on the need for new antibiotic compounds, strategies for screening for new antibiotics, sources of novel synthetic and natural antibiotics, discovery phases of lead development and optimization, and candidate compound nominations into development. Beyond discovery , the handbook will cover all of the studies to prepare for IND submission : phase I (safety and dose ranging), progression to phase II (efficacy), and phase III (capturing desired initial indications). This book walks the reader through all aspects of the process, which has never been done before in a single reference. With the rise of antibiotic resistance and the increasing view that a crisis may be looming in infectious diseases, there are strong signs of renewed emphasis in antibiotic research. The purpose of the handbook is to offer a detailed overview of all aspects of the problem posed by antibiotic discovery and development.
New York: Springer, 2012
e20401399
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Anak Agung Sagung W. Kumala Dewi
Abstrak :
Prevalensi ISPA yang tinggi di Indonesia mempengaruhi penggunaan antibiotik di fasilitas kesehatan. Sejak diberlakukannya program JKN, penggunaan obat di fasilitas kesehatan harus sesuai dengan Formularium Nasional. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan evaluasi mengenai penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien ISPA di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu dengan metode ATC/DDD dan DU90 . Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan desain studi potong lintang cross-sectional . Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan total sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien ISPA yang diresepkan antibiotik periode Januari hingga Desember 2016. Resep pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 2720 resep. Hasil analisis berdasarkan karakteristik pasien menunjukkan pasien ISPA terbanyak berjenis kelamin perempuan, kelompok usia diatas 45 sampai 65 tahun, serta mengikuti program BPJS. Antibiotik yang digunakan adalah amoksisilin, eritromisin, siprofloksasin, tiamfenikol, doksisiklin, sefadroksil, kotrimoksazol, linkomisin, dan kloramfenikol. Penggunaan obat dinyatakan nilai DDD/1000 pasien/hari yaitu amoksisilin 9,4067 ; eritromisin 3,5027 ; siprofloksasin 0,8239 ; tiamfenikol 0,5886 ; doksisilin 0,3102 ; sefadroksil 0,0720 ; kotrimoksazol 0,0214 ; linkomisin 0,0209 ; dan kloramfenikol 0,0012 . Obat yang menyusun segmen DU90 yaitu amoksisilin 63,79 , eritromisin 23,75 , serta siprofloksasin 5,59 . Penggunaan obat di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu sesuai dengan Formularium Nasional 66,67. ......High prevalence ARIs in Indonesia affected antibiotics utilization in healthcare facilities. Since national health assurance program has been issued, the drug utilization in healthcare facilities must be approriate with national formulary. Therefore, should be an evaluation of antibiotics utilization in ARIs patients based on ATC DDD method and DU90 at Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu 2016. This study was descriptive with cross sectional study design. Data was collected retrospectively with total sampling. The samples of this study were ARIs patients precribed antibiotics from January to December 2016. Total prescription comply with inclusion criteria were 2720. The results based on patient characteristics showed that most patients with ARIs were female, over 45 to 65 year group age, and payed with national health assurance system. The antibiotics used were amoxycillin, erythromicin, ciprofloxacin, thiamphenicol, doxycycline, cefadroxil, cotrimoxazole, lincomycin, and chloramphenicol. Quantity of antibiotics utilization DDD 1000 patients day were amoxycillin 9,4067 erythromicin 3477,5 ciprofloxacin 0,8239 thiamphenicol 0,5886 doxycycline 0,3102 cefadroxil 0,0720 cotrimoxazole 0,0214 lincomycin 0,0209 and chloramphenicol 0,0012 . Antibiotics made up to DU90 were amoxycillin 63,79 , erythromicin 23,75 , and ciprofloxacin 5,59 . The antibiotics utilization in Puskesmas Pasar Minggu was compliance with national formulary 66,67.
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2017
S68360
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
<<   1 2   >>