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Abstrak :
Salah satu hal mendasar yang mempengaruhi kerasionalan penggunaan antibakteri adalah pengetahuan. Guru SMA sebagai masyarakat berpendidikan tinggi dan bertugas mencerdaskan generasi muda diharapkan dapat ikut berperan dalam penggunaan antibakteri yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan dan pola penggunaan antibakteri oleh guru SMA Negeri di Kota Depok. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang dan pengambilan data melalui kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan realibilitasnya. Kuesioner terdiri dari indikator untuk menilai pengetahuan, penggunaan dan data demografi pasien. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dari Maret-April 2013 secara consecutive sampling. Populasi adalah seluruh guru yang mengajar SMA Negeri di Kota Depok, sampel adalah guru yang menggunakan antibakteri dalam tiga bulan terakhir. Jumlah sampel adalah 106 orang. Hasil analisis data memperlihatkan bahwa 42,45% guru memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai antibakteri. Selain itu diketahui sebanyak 60% guru memiliki pola penggunaan antibakteri yang sesuai. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa tempat mengajar (p=0,018), jenis kelamin (p=0,042) dan usia (p=0,049) memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan pengetahuan, tetapi tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan pola penggunaan antibakteri oleh guru. ......One of the fundamental things that affect the rational use of antibacterial is knowledge. Public high school teachers as a highly educated society and have duty to develop the young generation is expected to be able to play a role in the rational use of antibacterial. The purposes of this research were to assess the factors that affect knowledge level and patterns of antibacterials use by public high school teachers in Depok City. The research design is cross sectional study and taking data by questionnaire which has been tested for validity and reliability. Questionnaire consists of indicators to assess knowledge, use and patient demographic data. Data collection was conducted on the samples from March- April 2013. Population is teachers who taught in public high school in Depok City, samples are teachers who use antibacterial in the last three months. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling. The numbers of samples were 106 teachers. The results showed that 42.45% of teachers had medium knowledge of antibacterial. On the other hand, 60% teachers had appropriate patterns of antibacterial use. The other results showed that places of teaching (p=0,018), gender (p=0,042) and age (p=0,049) had a significant relation with the knowledge level, but did not had a significant relation with the pattern of antibacterial use.

Abstrak :
Antibiotik profilaksis adalah antibiotik yang digunakan untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi. Antibiotik yang biasa digunakan memiliki spektrum sempit, toksisitas rendah, memiliki sifat bakterisidal dan spesifik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis pada pasien yang dilakukan pembedahan di Instalasi Bedah Sentral RSUP Fatmawati periode Januari ndash; Maret 2017 dengan PPAB RSUP Fatmawati tahun 2016 dan ASHP Guidelines tahun 2013. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskriptif analitik dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik total sampling. Pasien yang paling banyak dilakukan pembedahan adalah pasien perempuan 57,54 dan kelompok usia yang paling banyak adalah >45-55 tahun. Rencana pembedahan yang paling banyak dilakukan adalah elektif 73,75 . Divisi pembedahan yang paling banyak dilakukan adalah bedah kebidanan 20,37 . 2.191 pasien mendapatkan antibiotik profilaksis sebelum pembedahan dan persentase divisi pembedahan yang paling banyak menggunakan antibiotik profilaksis adalah bedah digestif 89,15 . Antibiotik profilaksis yang paling banyak digunakan adalah penggunaan tunggal sefazolin 41,05 . Kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis dengan PPAB RSUP Fatmawati tahun 2016 sebesar 51,92 dan kesesuaian penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis dengan ASHP Guidelines 2013 sebesar 43,13.

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Prophylactic antibiotics are antibiotics used to prevent infection. Commonly used antibiotics have a narrow spectrum, low toxicity, have a bactericidal activity and specific. The purpose of this study is to see the suitability of the use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgical patients at the Central Surgery Installation of Fatmawati Central General Hospital January March 2017 with Antibiotic Guidelines from Fatmawati Central General Hospital 2016 and ASHP Guidelines 2013. This research method is done analitical descriptively with retrospective retrieval data. Sampling with total sampling technique. Patients most widely performed surgery were female 57.54 and the age group most was 45 55 years. The most widely performed surgical plan was elective 73.75 . The most widely performed surgical division was midwifery surgery 20.37 . 2,191 patients received prophylactic antibiotics before surgery and surgery division percentage of the most widely used surgical antibiotic prophylaxis was digestive 89.15 . The most widely used prophylactic antibiotic is cefazoline 41.05 . The compliance of prophylactic antibiotic usage with Antibiotic Guidelines from Fatmawati Central General Hospital 2016 was 51,92 and compliance of antibiotic prophylaxis with ASHP Guidelines 2013 was 43,13.

Abstrak :
Prevalensi ISPA yang tinggi di Indonesia mempengaruhi penggunaan antibiotik di fasilitas kesehatan. Sejak diberlakukannya program JKN, penggunaan obat di fasilitas kesehatan harus sesuai dengan Formularium Nasional. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan evaluasi mengenai penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien ISPA di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu dengan metode ATC/DDD dan DU90 . Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan desain studi potong lintang cross-sectional . Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan total sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien ISPA yang diresepkan antibiotik periode Januari hingga Desember 2016. Resep pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 2720 resep. Hasil analisis berdasarkan karakteristik pasien menunjukkan pasien ISPA terbanyak berjenis kelamin perempuan, kelompok usia diatas 45 sampai 65 tahun, serta mengikuti program BPJS. Antibiotik yang digunakan adalah amoksisilin, eritromisin, siprofloksasin, tiamfenikol, doksisiklin, sefadroksil, kotrimoksazol, linkomisin, dan kloramfenikol. Penggunaan obat dinyatakan nilai DDD/1000 pasien/hari yaitu amoksisilin 9,4067 ; eritromisin 3,5027 ; siprofloksasin 0,8239 ; tiamfenikol 0,5886 ; doksisilin 0,3102 ; sefadroksil 0,0720 ; kotrimoksazol 0,0214 ; linkomisin 0,0209 ; dan kloramfenikol 0,0012 . Obat yang menyusun segmen DU90 yaitu amoksisilin 63,79 , eritromisin 23,75 , serta siprofloksasin 5,59 . Penggunaan obat di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu sesuai dengan Formularium Nasional 66,67. ......High prevalence ARIs in Indonesia affected antibiotics utilization in healthcare facilities. Since national health assurance program has been issued, the drug utilization in healthcare facilities must be approriate with national formulary. Therefore, should be an evaluation of antibiotics utilization in ARIs patients based on ATC DDD method and DU90 at Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu 2016. This study was descriptive with cross sectional study design. Data was collected retrospectively with total sampling. The samples of this study were ARIs patients precribed antibiotics from January to December 2016. Total prescription comply with inclusion criteria were 2720. The results based on patient characteristics showed that most patients with ARIs were female, over 45 to 65 year group age, and payed with national health assurance system. The antibiotics used were amoxycillin, erythromicin, ciprofloxacin, thiamphenicol, doxycycline, cefadroxil, cotrimoxazole, lincomycin, and chloramphenicol. Quantity of antibiotics utilization DDD 1000 patients day were amoxycillin 9,4067 erythromicin 3477,5 ciprofloxacin 0,8239 thiamphenicol 0,5886 doxycycline 0,3102 cefadroxil 0,0720 cotrimoxazole 0,0214 lincomycin 0,0209 and chloramphenicol 0,0012 . Antibiotics made up to DU90 were amoxycillin 63,79 , erythromicin 23,75 , and ciprofloxacin 5,59 . The antibiotics utilization in Puskesmas Pasar Minggu was compliance with national formulary 66,67.

Abstrak :
This book describes antibiotic resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria. It starts with an overview of the erosion of the efficacy of antibiotics by resistance and the decrease in the rate of replacement of redundant compounds. The origins of antibiotic resistance are then described. It is proposed that there is a large bacterial resistome which is a collection of all resistance genes and their precursors in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Ongoing resistance surveillance programs are also discussed, together with the perspective of a clinical microbiologist. The book then turns to specific themes such as the most serious area of resistance in pathogens, namely in Gram-negative organisms. The role of combinations of antibiotics in combating resistance emergence is discussed, particularly in the tuberculosis field, and then the importance of non-multiplying and persistent bacteria which are phenotypically resistant to antibiotics and prolong the duration of therapy of antibiotics which leads to poor compliance and resistance emergence. The role of anti-microbial compounds in textiles is covered, with its potential to exacerbate the spread of resistance. Then, efflux pumps are discussed. The final chapter describes the compounds which are in late stage clinical development, illustrating the paucity of the antibiotic pipeline, especially for Gram-negative bacteria.

Abstrak :
The “always on-hand” pocket guide to the treatment of infectious diseases. - The most important antibiotics and antimycotics : Spectrum – dosage – side-effects - Numerous tables sorted by substances, pathogens, indications - Administration of antibiotics during pregnancy, renal and hepatic insufficiency, dialysis - Including statements on the cost of therapy Numerous tips and troubleshooting guides on topics such as : - Potential mistakes - Therapy failures - Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis Adjusted to European standards : Up-to-date substances, authorizations, resistances and trade names.

Abstrak :
The book starts with four chapters in which the potential, advantages, and phylogeny of enzybiotics are reviewed. Then, the new ways of controlling infections by Gramnegative bacteria and an updated view of bacteriophage holins are presented. After a review of antistaphylococcal lytic enzymes, the book goes on to discuss membrane targeted enzybiotics, as well as the design of phage cocktails for current therapy. Finally, the last two chapters deal respectively with the novel methods to identify new enzybiotics and the use of modified phages to induce suicide in bacteria. Enzybiotics is a promising way of fighting bacterial or fungal infectious diseases by using viruses or viral-derived lysins. Drawing from the fields of medicinal chemistry, microbiology, genetics, and biochemistry, this book presents the state of the science in enzybiotics research, fully exploring its emerging therapeutic applications. The book begins with four chapters that review the potential applications, possible advantages, and phylogeny of enzybiotics. Next, the book explores : - A new approach to controlling infections using Gram-negative bacteria - Bacteriophage holins and their membrane-disrupting activity - Anti-staphylococcal lytic enzymes - Membrane-targeted enzybiotics - Design of phage cocktails for therapy from a host-range point of view - Novel methods to identify new enzybiotics - Genetically modified phages that deliver suicidal genes to target bacteria The authors, all active enzybiotics researchers, offer a variety of perspectives, the benefit of their own hands-on investigations, as well as a thorough review and analysis of the current literature. As more and more bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, the development of new disease-fighting agents has become essential. This book demonstrates the full potential of the emerging field of enzybiotics to control infectious diseases. Moreover, it will serve as a springboard for new research and the development of new therapeutics.