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Abstrak :
Infeksi jamur infasif atau mikosis infasif pada pasien dengan kondisi sistem imunitas rendah mengakibatkan sejumlah besar morbiditas dan mortalitas. Infeksi tersebut dapat terjadi di lingkungan rumah sakit, komunitas, maupun keduanya. Sejumlah spesies jamur dapat terkonsentrasi pada lingkungan udara rumah sakit, dan dianggap sebagai agen infeksi yang mudah terhirup oleh pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil jamur udara pada ruang rawat beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta serta kaitannya dengan kelas perawatan. Metode penelitian berdisain potong lintang ini menggunakan pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif dari beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta. Cawan petri yang mengandung media agar saboraud dekstrosa diletakkan di dalam ruangan rawat RS dan dibiarkan terbuka selama 15 menit, setelah itu dilakukan inkubasi dalam suhu kamar selama minimal tiga hari. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses identifikasi spesies untuk mengetahui profil jamur. Hasil dalam penelitian ini, jamur yang diisolasi dari ruang perawatan rumah sakit pada umumnya terdiri atas lebih dari dua spesies, diantaranya: Aspergillus niger (67.5%), Candida sp. (40%), Aspergillus fumigatus (30%), Rhodoturula sp. dan Penicillium marnefei dalam jumlah sedikit. Pengamatan terhadap hubungan profil jamur dan jenis kelas ruang rawat menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kelas ruang rawat rumah sakit, semakin sedikit jumlah dan ragam spesies jamur yang tumbuh. Simpulan. Profil jamur yang diisolasi dari ruang perawatan rumah sakit dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas Aspergillus niger, Candida sp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhodoturula sp dan Penicillium marnefei. Hubungan profil jamur dan jenis kelas ruang rawat menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kelas ruang rawat rumah sakit, semakin sedikit jumlah dan ragam spesies jamur yang tumbuh. ......Introduction. Invasive fungal infections (invasive mycoses) in immunodeficient patients yields in more than significant number of morbidity and mortality. Such infections occur on both hospital and community settings. Several fungal species might be concentrated in the air among hospitals, and considered as infectious agent that is easily inhaled by patients. This study aims on investigating the profile of airborne fungal species in several inpatient wards chosen from several hospitals in Jakarta and the correlation between those species and the class of the wards itself. Methods this is a cross-sectional study using consecutive samplings taken from several chosen Jakarta hospitals. Petri dish containing dextrose saboraud agar are placed about 1m height above the ground and exposed to open air for 15 minutes. Afterwards, the plates are incubated at room temperature for minimum of three days. Then, samples were analyzed inside the mycology lab for species identification to investigate presenting fungal profile. Results in this study, common species that are isolated from the respective wards consists of at least two species, including Aspergillus niger (67.5%), Candida species (40%) and Aspergillus fumigatus (30%). Other infectious species such as Rhodotorula sp and Penicillium marnefei are found as well in few numbers. Observation on the relation of fungal profile and class of inpatient wards indicates that the higher the ward class, the less number and diversity of species growing inside the plates. Conclusion, fungal profile that are isolated from the hospital inpatient wards in this study consists of Aspergillus niger, Candida sp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhodoturula sp dan Penicillium marnefei. The correlation between the fungal profile and class of inpatient wards indicated that the higher the class of hospital wards, the less number and diversity of airborne fungi growing on the plates.

Abstrak :
Prevalensi infeksi jamur sistemik (mikosis sistemik) dilaporkan semakin meningkat serta mengakibatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi, terutama pada pasien dengan gangguan sistem imun. Mikosis sistemik dapat disebabkan oleh jamur yang berada di lingkungan masyarakat maupun rumah sakit, termasuk ruang perawatan intensif (ICU). Pada umumnya jamur kontaminan tersebut masuk ke dalam tubuh pasien melalui saluran napas (inhalasi) maupun kontaminasi peralatan di lingkungan perawatan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil jamur yang diisolasi dari udara pada ruang perawatan intensif di beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian multisenter tentang aspergilosis invasif di ICU beberapa RS di Jakarta. Metode penelitian ini berdisain potong lintang dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara konsekutif pada ruang rawat intensif di empat RS. Sampel jamur diisolasi menggunakan cawan petri mengandung media agar saboraud dekstrosa yang dibiarkan terbuka selama 15 menit di ruang perawatan, selanjutnya dilakukan proses inkubasi dan identifikasi jamur di laboratorium mikologi untuk mengetahui profil jamur yang diisolasi dari ruang perawatan tersebut. Jamur yang berhasil diisolasi dari ruang perawatan intensif pada penelitian ini umumnya terdiri atas beberapa spesies, yaitu Aspergillus niger (42%), Aspergillus fumigatus (33%), Penicillium sp. (30%), Rhodotorulla (27%), Dematiaceae (24%), Mycelia sterilia (12%), dan Candida sp. (3%). Profil spesies jamur A. niger, A. fumigatus dan Dematiaceae ditemukan di empat rumah sakit, sedangkan Rhodotorulla dan Mycelia sterilia di temukan di tiga rumah sakit. Adapun Penicillium sp. dan Candida sp. hanya ditemukan di satu rumah sakit. Kesimpulannya, profil spesies jamur udara di ruang perawatan intensif pada penelitian ini terdiri atas Aspergillus niger (42%), Aspergillus fumigatus (33%), Penicillium sp. (30%), Rhodotorulla (27%), Dematiaceae (24%), Mycelia sterilia (12%), dan Candida sp. (3%). ......The prevalence of systemic fungal infection (systemic mycosis) is increasing, and cause high number of mortality and morbidity, especially for immunocopromised patients. Systemic mycosis can be cause by fungal species found in either community or hospital environment, including intensive care unit (ICU). Generally, this fungal contaminants infect the patient's body through the respiratory tract (inhalation) as well as contamination of equipment in patient's environment. This study aims to find out the profile of airborne fungal species that isolated from the air in intensive care unit at several hospitals in Jakarta. This study is part of a multicenter study on invasive aspergillosis in ICU at several hospitals in Jakarta. The cross-sectional study was conducted with consecutive samplings taken from ICU in four hospitals. The sample taken using petri dish containing dextrose saboraud agar that placed about 1m height and open to air for 15 minutes. Then, the process of incubation and fungal identification done in mycology laboratory to know the profile of airborne fungal species isolated from ICU. The fungal species that were isolated from the intensive care unit were consist of several species, which were Aspergillus niger (42%), Aspergillus fumigatus (33%), Penicillium sp. (30%), Rhodotorulla (27%), Dematiaceae (24%), Mycelia sterilia (12%), and Candida sp. (3%). The fungal species profile of A.niger, A.fumigatus and Dematiaceae were found in all four hospitals, while Rhodotorulla and Mycelia sterilia were found in three hospitals and Penicillium sp. and Candida sp. were only found in one hospital. In conclusion, the profile of airborne fungal species in intensive care unit in this study consisted of Aspergillus niger (42%), Aspergillus fumigatus (33%), Penicillium sp. (30%), Rhodotorulla (27%), Dematiaceae (24%), Mycelia sterilia (12%), and Candida sp. (3%).