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"ABSTRAKKapang rizosfer mempunyai kemampuan menghambatFusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans.penyebab penyakit layu pada tanaman tomat (Lycopersicon esculetum Mill.).Kapang rizosfer diisolasi dari daerah perakaran tanaman tomat di lahankonvensional Desa Cikahuripan dan Sukamulya, Sukabumi. Tujuh belas spesiesyang antagonis terhadap F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici telah diidentifikasi dari 47isolat yang diisolasi dan 2 isolat koleksi LIPI MC. Mekanisme antagonis untukmengendalikan patogen terlihat beragam dari tiap spesies kapang rizosfer.Kompetisi dengan kapang patogen terlihat pada Trichoderma sp. dan Mucor sp.Semua isolat kapang rizosfer memproduksi agen antifungi volatil bukan HCN dantidak dapat memproduksi enzim kitinase. Kapang rizosfer memproduksi agenantifungi non-volatil iturin yaitu Aspergillus fumigatus Fres., Aspergillus nigerVan Tieghem, dan 2 isolat Aspergillus sp. Enzim protease diproduksi olehA. fumigatus, Aspergillus sp., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, danHumicola fuscoatra Traaen. Aspergillus niger dan Penicillium sp., merupakankapang rizosfer yang memproduksi agen antifungi non-volatil dan volatil terhadappatogen. Baik pada suspensi konidia patogen yang disimpan 4° C dan tidakdisimpan dalam lemari pendingin yang diberi agen antifungi non-volatilAspergillus niger (1:1) memperlihatkan persentase hambatan pertumbuhankonidia patogen tertinggi masing-masing 77,97 % dan 76,08 % pada pengamatanjam ke-8. Agen antifungi non-volatil Aspergillus niger pada berbagai konsentrasimeningkatkan perkecambahan tomat masing-masing 4,17 % pada benih tomatyang diberi filtrat atau suspensi konidia patogen yang diinkubasi selama 30 menit.Sedangkan waktu inkubasi 60 menit, agen antifungi non-volatil A. niger padaberbagai konsentrasi meningkatkan perkecambahan tomat 5,25 %?21,04 % padabenih tomat yang diberi suspensi konidia patogen dan menurunkanperkecambahan tomat 6,38 %?13,04 % pada benih tomat yang diberi filtratpatogen. Perpanjangan waktu inkubasi 30 menit menghambat selama 4 harikolonisasi patogen pada tomat yang diberi campuran filtrat atau suspensi konidiapatogen dan agen antifungi non-volatil A. niger pada berbagai konsentrasi. Agenantifungi volatil dari Penicillium sp. dapat menghambat perkecambahan konidiapatogen sebesar 22,07 %.

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AbstractRhizosphere moulds have activities to reduce the growth of Fusariumoxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans, the causalpathogen of wilt disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plant.Moulds were isolated from rhizosphere of tomato plants growing in the Villagesof Cikahuripan and Sukamulya, Sukabumi. Seventeen species that haveantagonistic effect to F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici were identified from 47isolates isolated from rhizosphere of tomato plant and 2 isolates of LIPI MCcollection. Antagonistic mechanism for control the pathogen seemed differentfrom each species of the rhizosphere moulds. Competition with the pathogen wasproduced by Trichoderma sp. and Mucor sp. All isolates of the rhizospheremoulds produced non-HCN volatile antifungal agent and did not producedchitinase enzyme. Rhizosphere moulds that produced iturin non-volatileantifungal agent were Aspergillus fumigatus Fres., Aspergillus niger VanTieghem, and 2 isolates of Aspergillus sp. Protease enzyme was produced byA. fumigatus, Aspergillus sp., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, andHumicola fuscoatra Traaen. Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. wererhizophere moulds that produced non-volatile and volatile antifungal agentsrespectively against the pathogen. Both on the suspension of the pathogen conidiastored in 4° C and unstored in refregerator that given non-volatile antifungal agentof A. niger (1 : 1) showed the highest percent inhibition of the pathogen conidiarespectively 77.97 % and 76.08 % in observation to-8 hours. Non-volatileantifungal agent of A. niger at various consentrations increased the germination oftomato respectively at 4.17 % on tomato that given the filtrate or suspension ofconidia of the patogen at 30 minutes incubation. While in the incubation time of60 minutes, non-volatile antifungal agent of A. niger at various concentrationincreased the germination of tomato at 5.25 %─21.04 % on tomato that givensuspension of conidia of the pathogen and decreased the germination of tomato at6.38 %─13.04 % on tomato that given the pathogen filtrate. Extending ofincubation time for 30 minutes 4 days delayed the colonization of the pathogen ontomato that given a mixture of the filtrate or the suspension of the pathogenconidia and non-volatil antifungal agent of A. niger at various concentrations.The volatile antifungal agent of Penicillium sp. decreased the germination ofconidia of the patogen at 22.07 %."

"Genetically modified (GM) or transgenic crops transformed global agriculture since their commercial release in the mid-1990s. GM crops are the product of genetically engineered seeds that are resistant to herbicides and insects. The United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina account for 80% of the global area planted with GM crops. Based on a decade of research (2003-2013), this book investigates the ways in which peasants and rural populations resist but also negotiate the socioenvironmental consequences of GM soybeans in Argentina. The Argentine government authorized the use of GM, herbicide-resistant soybean seeds in 1996 in the midst of a profound process of neoliberalization. By the mid-2000s, GM soybeans were cultivated on half of the arable land in Argentina. While this agricultural boom has benefitted agribusiness companies, it also has accelerated the deforestation of native forests, prompted the eviction of indigenous and peasant families, and spurred episodes of agrochemical exposure. Soybeans and Power offers three insights. First, it inspects the consequences of GM crops in concrete rural spaces. Through ethnographic research, the book grounds abstract debates about GM crops in concrete experiences of peasants and rural populations, those bearing witness to their expansion. Second, it scrutinizes processes of demobilization and the decline of contention, which are much less understood than the mobilization and the emergence of social movements. Third, it draws on the case of Argentina, a major global player in transgenic agriculture, shedding light on the social and environmental impacts of the recent commodity boom in Latin America."

"Agricultural biotechnology takes many forms and applications, with the number and diversity of products ever increasing. With this rapid development, regulatory authorities have sought to keep pace through regulatory adjustments and advances to ensure the safe and beneficial use of this critical technology. The regulatory systems for the U.S. and Canada are not static and must evolve in order to maintain relevance, efficiency and applicability to the challenges encountered. "

"Perspektif multi-level memberikan stimulasi inovasi dalam transisi sosio-teknis dalam mengatasi masalah sosial dan lingkungan seperti kemiskinan dan perubahan iklim. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, dibutuhkan perubahan struktural yang mendalam karena mereka melibatkan perubahan dalam konfigurasi keseluruhan yang melibatkan teknologi, kebijakan, dan pasar. Elemen tersebut dikembangkan, dikelola, dan ditransformasikan oleh pelbagai aktor salah satunya perusahaan bisnis digital yang memiliki orientasi tujuan yang kuat. Bisnis sosial dan Islam memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dalam berperan di transisi sosio-teknis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun ekosistem bisnis digital Islam untuk sektor pertanian agar dapat memberikan kontribusi pada transisi sosio-teknis dengan perspektif multi-level. Metode kualitatif pendekatan studi kasus ganda terpancang digunakan untuk membangun model ekosistem. Hasil yang didapatkan dari studi kasus ganda ini menunjukkan bahwa bisnis digital pertanian membutuhkan kolaborasi antara pelbagai aktor dari level lanskap seperti pembuat kebijakan hingga niche seperti komunitas lokal agar skalabilitas bisnis dan transisi sosio-teknis yang diharapkan dapat terjadi. Untuk mengatasi kesenjangan digital, infrastruktur sosial lokal dan institusi yang terintegrasi dengan rantai nilai bisnis pertanian dapat menjadi jembatan antara perusahaan dengan petani berskala kecil. Pengembangan transisi dengan maqasid al-syariah menjadi kerangka penting untuk bisnis digital Islam. Indikator pengukuran keberlanjutan bisnis dan pertanian untuk mencapai kemaslahatan dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk memastikan transisi sosio-teknis.

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The multi-level perspective provides stimulation of innovation in socio-technical transitions in addressing social and environmental problems such as poverty and climate change. To address these problems, deep structural changes are needed because they involve alterations in the overall configuration which entail technology, policy and markets. These elements are developed, managed, and transformed by various actors for instance a purposeful digital business company. Social and Islamic business have a competitive advantage in playing a role in the socio-technical transition. This research aims to build an Islamic digital business ecosystem for the agricultural sector so that it can contributes to the socio-technical transition with multi-level perspective. The embedded multiple case studies design with qualitative method has been carried out. The results obtained from this study shows that digital agricultural business requires dynamic collaboration between various actors from the landscape level such as policy makers to niches such as local communities hence that business scalability and socio-technical transition are expected to prevail. To overcome the digital divide, local social infrastructure and institutions can be embedded with agricultural business value chain to bridge the gap between companies and smallholder farmers. The development of the transition with the maqasid al-sharia is an important framework for Islamic digital business. Indicators for measuring the sustainability of business and agriculture to achieve public interest can be further developed to ensure the socio-technical transition."