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Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Penuaan adalah penurunan fungsi tubuh secara progresif yang melibatkan akumulasi kerusakan oleh stres oksidatif. Secara alami, antioksidan endogen diproduksi tubuh untuk mengatasi kondisi ini. Glutathion (GSH) adalah salah satu antioksidan endogen yang mencegah kerusakan pada komponen sel penting. Ketika tua, GSH akan meningkat untuk melawan kadar radikal bebas yang meningkat. Dalam kondisi ini, asupan antioksidan eksogen dapat membantu kerja dari GSH. Tanaman herbal memiliki peran penting dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian suatu penyakit dengan sifat antioksidan dari konstituen fitokimia yang dikandungnya. Salah satu herbal Indonesia yang kaya akan sumber antioksidan eksogen adalah Centella asiatica (CA). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol CA terhadap kadar GSH hepar tikus Sprague-Dawley (SD) tua. Metode: Dua puluh satu ekor tikus tua (20-24 bulan) dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok: kontrol negatif, CA 300 mg/kgBB, kontrol positif (vitamin E 6 IU), serta enam ekor tikus muda (8-12 minggu) sebagai kontrol pembanding. Hewan coba diberi perlakuan selama 28 hari. Kadar GSH diukur menggunakan metode spektrofotometri dan data dianalisis dengan one-way ANOVA. Hasil: Pemberian ekstrak CA mengakibatkan penurunan kadar GSH hepar tikus tua yang tidak signifikan (29.025 ± 6.410 μM/mg pada kelompok CA, sedangkan 35.495 ± 12.809 μM/mg pada kelompok kontrol negatif, p > 0.05). Hasil tersebut mendukung efek antipenuaan ekstrak CA dengan membantu GSH melawan radikal bebas, walau tidak signifikan. Simpulan: CA tidak menurunkan kadar GSH di hepar tikus SD tua. ......Background: Aging is a progressive decline in body functions that involves damage accumulation by oxidative stress. Naturally, endogenous antioxidants are produced to overcome this condition. Glutathione (GSH) is one of endogenous antioxidants that prevents damage in important cellular components. In old age, GSH will increase according to increasing free radical levels. In this condition, intake of exogenous antioxidants could help GSH. Herbal plants play an essential role in disease hindrance and control with their phytochemical constituents' antioxidant properties. Centella asiatica (CA) is one of these herbal plants. Objective: This study aims to find CA ethanol extract's effect on the liver GSH level of aged Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Method: Twenty one aged (20-24 months) rats are divided into three groups: negative control, CA 300 mg/kgBW, positive control (vitamin E 6 IU), and six young rats (8-12 weeks) as comparison control group. They were treated for 28 days. GSH concentration was measured by spectrophotometry and the data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Result: Administration of CA resulted in an insignificant decrease in liver GSH level of aged rats (29.025 ± 6.410 μM/mg in CA treated while 35.495 ± 12.809 μM/mg in negative control). The result supports the anti-aging effect of CA extract by helping GSH in fighting free radicals, even though insignificantly. Conclusion: CA doesn’t decrease GSH levels in the liver of aged SD rats.

Abstrak :
Salah satu penyebab penuaan adalah keberadaan advance glycation end products (AGEs) dan nanopartikel emas mampu menghambat pembentukan AGEs. Nanopartikel emas sudah banyak dicoba untuk disintesis menggunakan ekstrak tanaman, pada penelitian ini ekstrak Sida rhombifolia (Sidaguri) dimanfaatkan sebagai agen pereduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data keamanan dan manfaat dari nanopartikel emas yang disintesis dengan ekstrak Sidaguri. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menentukan kemampuan anti-aging dari serum mengandung nanopartikel emas dengan metode uji anti-glikasi secara in-vitro dan uji manfaat, serta menentukan keamanannya menggunakan uji iritasi dengan metode hen’s egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) dan uji patch. Nanopartikel emas yang disintesis dengan bantuan ekstrak Sidaguri dikarakterisasi dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) dan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Koloid nanopartikel emas sebanyak 10%, diperoleh dari uji anti-glikasi secara in-vitro, diformulasikan kedalam serum anti-aging dan diuji keamanannya secara ­in-vitro menggunakan uji HET-CAM. Kemudian, serum ke manusia untuk mengetahui potensi iritasi dan manfaatnya. Nanopartikel emas yang disintesis dengan bantuan ekstrak Sidaguri memiliki panjang gelombang maksimum di 547 nm dengan absorbansi 0,459, ukuran partikel rata-rata 91,29±0,48 nm, indeks polidispersitas rata-rata 0,179±0,01, nilai potensial zeta rata-rata -34,77±1,39 mV, pH rata-rata 2,84±0,08, struktur polikristallin dan mengandung 216,2 ppm emas. Nanopartikel yang diformulasikan ke dalam serum mengandung 10% koloid nanopartikel emas memiliki efek penghambatan glikasi sebesar 68,20±11,67%, tidak mengiritasi dengan nilai RI pada uji HET-CAM 0,0 dan nilai respon 0,0 setelah uji provokatif dan memiliki manfaat sebagai kosmetika anti-aging dengan meningkatkan kadar kolagen (nilai rerata akhir 64,72±27,11%) dan elastisitas kulit (nilai rerata akhir 64,11±11,67%) setelah 8 minggu pemakaian. Dengan demikian, diharapkan nanopartikel emas ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu agen anti-aging di kemudian hari. ......Advance glycation end products (AGEs) is one of the cause of aging and gold nanoparticle inhibit the formation of AGEs. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) has been synthetized using plant extract, in this research Sida rhombifolia (Sidaguri) extract was used. This research aims to acquire the safety and beneficial data of gold nanoparticle synthetized using Sidaguri extract. To obtain the beneficial data, anti-aging properties of gold nanoparticles were determined using in-vitro antiglycation inhibition activity test and efficacy test meanwhile the safety data were obtained using hen’s egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test and patch test. AuNP produced by reducing HAuCl4 solution using Sidaguri extract. AuNP formed were evaluated with spectrophotometer UV-Vis, pH meter, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Then, AuNP were formulated into serum anti-aging. Optimum dose of colloidal AuNP for anti-aging serum was 10%, obtained from in-vitro anti-glycation test. The irritation potency of serum was tested using HET-CAM method and patch test, then the efficacy test was tested by applying it to the volunteer. The developed AuNP has maximum wavelength (λmax) at 547 nm with 0.459 absorbance, average particle size was 91.29±0.48 nm, polidispersity index (PDI) was 0.179±0.01, average zeta potential was -34.77±1.39 mV, average pH was 2.84±0.08, polycrystalline structure with face-centered cubic and containing 216.2 ppm gold. Serum anti-aging containing 10% colloidal AuNP had anti-glycation effect inhibition of 68.20±11.67%. Serum anti-aging was not irritant with RI value 0,0 and response value 0,0 after provocative test. Serum anti-aging has the ability to increase skin collagen (average 64.72±27.11%) and skin elasticity (64.11±11.67) after 8 weeks of use. Thus, AuNP can be used as an anti-aging agent in the future.

Abstrak :
Kulit banyak terpapar oleh stres oksidatif yang disebabkan oleh adanya spesies reaktif oksigen (SRO) yang bersumber baik dari endogen maupun eksogen. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan penuaan kulit. Pemakaian sediaan antioksidan topikal diharapkan dapat mencegah penuaan kulit ini. Salah satu minyak nabati yang kaya akan antioksidan adalah minyak biji anggur. Untuk menjaga stabilitas minyak biji anggur, pada penelitian ini dibuatlah mikroemulsi gel minyak biji anggur. Mikroemulsi dibuat dengan menggunakan surfaktan tween 80 dan kosurfaktan gliserol dan propilenglikol. Sedangkan, basis gel yang digunakan adalah Carbopol. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh sediaan mikroemulsi gel minyak biji anggur yang memiliki warna kuning agak keruh (pantone 100) dan bau mirip dengan bau tween 80, dengan massa jenis 1,0829 g/ml. Sediaan ini memiliki sifat alir pseudoplastis dengan viskositas rata-rata 31002,86 cps.

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Skin is highly exposed to oxidative stress that caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), either from endogenous or exogenous. It can lead to skin aging. The use of topical antioxidant is expected to prevent skin aging. One of natural oil that rich of antioxidant is grape seed oil. To keep the stability of grape seed oil, microemulsion gel is prepared in this research. Microemulsion is prepared by using tween 80 as surfactant and glycerol and propylene glycol as cosurfactant. While gel base is prepared by using carbopol 940 as gelling agent. This research is obtained gel microemulsion with these characteristics: yellow (pantone 100), smelled like tween 80, with density 1,0829 g/ml. The flow properties of this preparation is pseduoplastic with average viscocity 31002,86 cps.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Isopropil miristat dan gliseril monostearat merupakan ester dari asam miristat dan asam stearat yang seringkali digunakan dalam basis krim anti aging. Namun, dengan adanya keberadaan air dan suasana asam dapat menyebabkan ikatan ester dari kedua zat tersebut terputus, sehingga kembali membentuk asam miristat dan asam stearat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh data stabilitas produk krim anti agingdengan uji stabilitas dipercepat, melalui perhitungan asam miristat dan asam stearat sebagai hasil urainya. Asam lemak diesterifikasi terlebih dahulu sebelum dianalisis menggunakan metode esterifikasi Lepage dengan pelarut metanol-toluen 4:1 v/v dan asetil klorida sebagai katalis reaksi. Analisis data stabilitas produk dilakukan menggunakan kromatografigas Shimadzu GC-17A dengan kolom HP-1 dan detektor ionisasi nyala. Kondisi analisis yang digunakan yaitu suhu awal kolom 120 C dengan kenaikan 10 C/menit hingga 160 C, dinaikkan 3 C/menit hingga 220 C dan dipertahankan selama 5 menit, lalu dinaikkan 10 C/menit hingga 260 C dan dipertahankan selama 5 menit. Suhu injektor 260 C, suhu detektor 280 C, dan laju alir gas pembawa 1,0 mL/menit. Waktu retensi campuran asam miristat dan asam stearat berturut-turut sekitar 16,655 menit dan 28,169 menit dengan faktor ikutan 0,734 dan 0,943. Metode validasi campuran asam miristat dan asam stearat yang dilakukan memenuhi persyaratan, dengan linearitas untuk asam miristat y = 9,6483 190, 78x dengan koefisien korelasi r = 0,9997 dan nilai LOD = 0,0013 ppm ; LOQ = 0,0042 ppm. Kemudian untuk asam stearat diperoleh linearitas y = 17,163 106,22x dengan koefisien korelasi r = 0,9998 dan nilai LOD = 0,0016 ppm; LOQ = 0,0053ppm. Pada hasil uji stabilitas dipercepat krim anti aging, diperoleh rata-rata kadar isopropil miristat tersisa pada bulan ke -0, -1, -2, dan -3 sebesar 99,6283 ; 99,1995 ; 98,2571 ; dan 97,1511 . Sedangkan rata-rata kadar gliseril monostearat yang tersisa berturut-turut sebesar 99,6791 ; 98,2881 ; 96,2247 ; dan 93,7195. Tanggal kadaluwarsa dari sediaan tersebut dihitung menggunakan orde nol, yakni 10 bulan dan 9 hari.

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ABSTRACT
Isopropyl myristate and glyceryl monostearate are ester form of myristic acid and stearic acid, which commonly used as a component in anti aging cream base. Therefore, with high presence of water and acid as catalyst, the ester linkage can break down and form myristic acid and stearic acid. This study aimed to obtain the stability data of anti aging cream through the accelerated stability testing, by calculating the levels of myristic acid and stearic acid as degradation product. Derivatization were perfomed by esterification Lepage method using methanol toluene 4 1 v v and acetyl chloride as a catalyst. The analysis used gas chromatography Shimadzu GC 17A with HP 1 column and flame ionization detector at the column temperature of 120 C with increased of 10 C min up to 160 C, then increased of 3 C min up to 220 C maintained for 5 minutes , and increased of 10 C min up to 260 C maintained for 5 minutes . Injector and detector temperature were 260 C and 280 C, with flow rate 1.00 mL min. Retention time of myristic acid and stearic acid were 16.655 minutes and 28.169 minutes with Tf0.734 and 0.943 respectively. The results of validation.fulfilled the acceptance.criteria, which obtained linearity for myristic acid y 9.6483 190. 78x with correlation coefficient r value of 0.9997 LOD 0.0013 ppm LOQ 0.0042 ppm, and also linearity for stearic acid y 17.163 106.22x with correlation coefficient r value of 0.9998 LOD 0.0016 ppm LOQ 0.0053 ppm. The results of anti aging cream stability test were obtained with the average remaining levels of isopropyl myristate from 0 to 3 months were 99.6283 99.1995 98.2571 and 97.1511 , and glyceryl monostearate were 99.6791 98.2881 96.2247 and 93.7195. The expired date of anti aging cream product was calculated using zero order, which was 10 months and 9 days.

Abstrak :
Pada penelitian ini glutation akan diformulasikan dalam krim transfersom dan krim nontransfersom, lalu akan diteliti stabilitas kimia dan stabilitas fisik dari kedua krim tersebut. Stabilitas fisik diuji dengan uji stabilitas cycling test dan centrifugal test, berdasarkan hasil uji krim transfersom relatif lebih stabil. Stabilitas kimia dinilai dengan menggunakan Kromatograsfi Cair Kinerja Tinggi dengan kondisi analisis yang digunakan adalah laju alir 0,8 mL/menit, panjang gelombang maksimum 200 nm dan fase gerak dapar fosfat pH 3,0. Waktu retensi glutation 5,747 menit, faktor ikutan 1,219, regresi linear y = 14050x + 68846, r = 0,9992, LOD 6,78 µg/mL dan LOQ 22,63 µg/mL. Uji stabilitas kimia dengan uji stabilitas dipercepat dengan kondisi 40°C/70% RH menunjukkan hasil kadar tersisa pada krim transfersom 83,44% dan krim non-transfersom 47,92%. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menunjukkan hasil bahwa glutation pada krim transfersom mempunyai nilai IC50 11,89 µg/mL dan pada krim non-transfersom mempunyai nilai IC50 15,57 µg/mL. Uji penetrasi dengan sel difusi Franz menunjukkan hasil Fluks krim transfersom 510,38 µg.cm-2.jam-1 lebih tinggi dibandingkan krim non-transfersom yaitu 340,12 µg.cm-2.jam-1. ...... In this study glutathione will be formulated in transferome cream and non-transferome cream, then chemical stability and physical stability will be examined. Physical stability was tested by cycling test and centrifugal test stability tests, where the results of transferome cream were relatively more stable. Chemical stability was assessed by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with the flow rate 0.8 mL/minute, maximum wavelength 200 nm and mobile phase phosphate buffer pH 3.0. Retention time 5.747 minutes, tailing factor 1.219, linear regression y = 14050x + 68846, r = 0.9992, LOD 6.78 µg/mL and LOQ 22.63 µg/mL. Chemical stability tested by accelerated stability test with conditions of 40°C/70% RH during 3 months, the results of the remaining levels of transferome cream were 83,44% and non-transfersom cream were 47,92%. The antioxidant activity test using DPPH methode showed that glutathione in transferome cream had an IC50 value 11.89 µg/mL and in non-transferome cream had an IC50 value 15.57 µg/mL. Penetration test using Franz cell diffusion shows that Flux of transfersome cream were  510.38 µg.cm-2.hour-1, higher than non-transferome creams which are 340.12 µg.cm-2.hour-1.

Abstrak :
N-acetylcysteine ​​adalah antioksidan yang mengandung gugus thiol / sulfhydryl dan saat ini sedang dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif dalam krim anti-penuaan. N-asetilsistein tidak stabil karena mudah teroksidasi. Salah satu strategi untuk menjaga stabilitas N-acetylcysteine ​​adalah diformulasikan menggunakan transferome sebagai sistem pembawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan stabilitas dan aktivitas antioksidan dari N-acetylcysteine ​​dalam krim anti-penuaan yang diformulasikan dengan sistem pembawa yang berpindah-pindah dan yang tidak. Formulasi transferome optimal yang digunakan memiliki rasio fosfatidilkolin dan tween 80 (90:10). Stabilitas fisik diuji dengan tes bersepeda dan tes sentrifugal, hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kedua krim stabil secara fisik. Stabilitas kimia diperoleh dari hasil penentuan zat aktif yang tersisa dalam uji stabilitas dipercepat pada kondisi 40oC dan kelembaban relatif 70% yang dianalisis menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography detektor UV-Vis pada kondisi analisis optimal dan valid menggunakan kolom C18 , panjang gelombang maksimum 214 nm, laju aliran 1,0 mL / menit, volume injeksi 5 μL, dan larutan buffer fosfat fase seluler pH 3,0. Hasil uji stabilitas dipercepat menunjukkan bahwa jumlah rata-rata N-asetilsistein yang tersisa dalam krim transferom adalah 82,92%, sedangkan krim non-transferom adalah 48,47%. Uji aktivitas antioksidan yang telah dilakukan membuktikan bahwa N-acetylcysteine ​​yang terkandung dalam sediaan krim memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat karena memiliki IC50 26,90 μg / mL dan 38,63 μg / mL. Hasil uji penetrasi in vitro menunjukkan bahwa formulasi transferom dalam sediaan krim dapat meningkatkan tingkat penetrasi N-acetylcysteine ​​dalam krim anti-penuaan yang 845,67 μg.cm-2.jam

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N-acetylcysteine ​​is an antioxidant that contains a thiol / sulfhydryl group and is currently being developed as an active ingredient in anti-aging creams. N-acetylcysteine ​​is unstable because it is easily oxidized. One strategy to maintain the stability of N-acetylcysteine ​​is formulated using transferome as a carrier system. This study aims to compare the stability and antioxidant activity of N-acetylcysteine ​​in anti-aging creams formulated with mobile carrier systems and those that do not. The optimal transferome formulation used has a ratio of phosphatidylcholine and tween 80 (90:10). Physical stability was tested with a cycling test and a centrifugal test, the results obtained showed that both creams were physically stable. Chemical stability was obtained from the results of determining the remaining active substances in the accelerated stability test at 40oC and 70% relative humidity analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography UV-Vis detector under optimal and valid analysis conditions using column C18, maximum wavelength 214 nm, rate flow of 1.0 mL / min, 5 μL injection volume, and cellular phase phosphate buffer solution pH 3.0. Accelerated stability test results showed that the average amount of N-acetylcysteine ​​remaining in transferom cream was 82.92%, while non-transferom cream was 48.47%. Antioxidant activity tests that have been carried out prove that N-acetylcysteine ​​contained in cream preparations has strong antioxidant activity because it has IC50 26.90 μg / mL and 38.63 μg / mL. In vitro penetration test results show that the transferom formulation in cream preparations can increase the penetration rate of N-acetylcysteine ​​in anti-aging creams which is 845.67 μg.cm-2.hours.

Abstrak :
Asiatikosida adalah konstituen utama yang diisolasi dari Centella asiatica (L.) dan merupakan salah satu zat aktif yang banyak digunakan untuk mencegah penuaan kulit. Namun, asiatikosida memiliki masalah ketidakstabilan karena mudah teroksidasi dan terdegradasi. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi stabilitas asiatikosida dalam sediaan kosmetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan mikroemulsi asiatikosida sebagai sistem pembawa yang dapat meningkatkan stabilitas asiatikosida dan memfasilitasinya sebagai sediaan kosmetik. Pada penelitian ini, optimasi mikroemulsi asiatikosida dilakukan dengan memformulasikan mikroemulsi menggunakan isopropil miristat (sebagai fase minyak) dengan konsentrasi surfaktan (Tween 80) yang berbeda, yaitu F1 = 20%, F2 = 25%, dan F3 = 30%. Mikroemulsi dibuat dengan menggunakan metode titrasi fase. Ketiga formula yang diproduksi dievaluasi dalam hal organoleptik, distribusi ukuran partikel, pH, bobot jenis, viskositas, rheologi dan tegangan permukaan, cycling test, sentrifugasi, uji stabilitas 6 minggu pada 5±3°C dan 30±2°C, serta uji penetapan kadar selama 5 minggu penyimpanan. Mikroemulsi jernih dihasilkan dari F2 dan F3, sedangkan F1 tampak keruh dan terjadi pemisahan fase. Uji penetapan kadar menunjukkan bahwa kadar asiatikosida selama 5 minggu dalam formula F1, F2 dan F3 berturut-turut adalah 65,25 ± 13,73%; 42,62 ± 15,72% dan 68,50 ± 5,94%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa mikroemulsi yang mengandung asiatikosida yaitu F2 dan F3 memenuhi persyaratan dan stabil secara fisik selama penyimpanan 6 minggu. Namun, belum dapat meningkatkan stabilitas kimia asiatikosida selama penyimpanan 5 minggu. ......Asiaticoside is the main constituent isolated from Centella asiatica (L.), and is one of the active substances widely used to prevent skin aging. However, asiaticoside has instability problems because it is easily oxidized and degraded. This can affect the stability of asiaticoside in cosmetic preparations. The aim of this study was to obtain an asiaticoside-containing microemulsion as a carrier system that could increase the stability of asiaticoside and facilitate it as a cosmetic preparation. In this study, optimization of the asiaticoside-contiaining microemulsion was carried out by formulating the microemulsion using isopropyl myristate (as an oil phase) with different surfactant (Tween 80) concentrations, namely F1 = 20%, F2 = 25%, and F3 = 30%. The microemulsion was prepared by using the phase titration method. The three formulations manufactured were evaluated in terms of their organoleptic, particle size distribution, pH, mass density, viscosity, rheology and surface tension. Moreover, a cycling test, centrifugation method, 6-week stability test at 5±3°C and 30±2°C, and drug content assay during 5-week of storage were also conducted. Clear microemulsions were produced from F2 and F3, while F1 looked cloudy and phase separation occurred. The assay results showed that the asiaticoside levels for 5 weeks in F1, F2 and F3 were 65.25 ± 13.73%; 42.62 ± 15.72% and 68.50 ± 5.94%, respectively. It can be concluded that the asiaticoside microemulsions F2 and F3, meet the requirements and were physically stable during 6 weeks of storage. However, it has not been able to increase the chemical stability of asiaticoside during 5 weeks of storage.  

Abstrak :
For millennia, people have been searching for the elusive fountain of youth - the key to living a long, healthy, productive and fulfilling life. Is it merely a matter of luck or good genes that some of us reach advanced years free of disease, debility and disability? Or are there proven strategies that we can adopt to make our lives longer, stronger and altogether more rewarding? In THE FOUNTAIN, pioneers and leaders in the fields of healing, wellness, nutrition, vitamin and mineral therapy, exercise physiology and beauty share the wisdom they've gained to guide all of us to the fountain of youth. Among the topics addressed in these easy-to-read, succinct essays are: � How the interaction among nutrition, vitamins, exercise and meaningful work and relationship enhances wellness at every stage � How vitamin therapy can guard against chronic disease, even into old age � How proper nutrition prevents the onset of disease and boosts well-being � How cultivating relationships assuages stress and serves as a buffer against disease � How meditation and other relaxation practices set the state for lifelong wellness � How natural strategies enhance beauty at all ages A book you'll return to again and again in your own quest for natural, holistic ways to make each day count, as you count more days of healthy life.