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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas perkembangan pengaturan tindakan afirmasi untuk meningkatkan keterwakilan perempuan pada DPR RI dan bagaimana pelaksanaan pengaturan tersebut sejak awal tindakan afirmasi diterapkan pada tahun 2004, hingga terakhir kali tindakan afirmasi untuk DPR diterapkan, yaitu pada tahun 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan sejarah hukum. Pembahasan dimulai dengan menganalisis tindakan afirmasi pada Undang-Undang Partai Politik, Undang-Undang Pemilihan Umum Anggota DPR, DPD, dan DPRD, dan Undang-Undang Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah. Selain itu penelitian ini akan membahas pelaksanaan undang-undang tersebut dengan menganalisis peraturan pelaksanaannya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua bentuk tindakan afirmasi untuk perempuan masuk ke dalam DPR RI, yaitu melalui kuota partai politik dan kuota pada proses pencalonan legislatif. Setiap periode pengisian jabatan DPR, peraturan mengenai tindakan afirmasi perempuan tersebut selalu berubah. Namun dengan adanya perubahan-perubahan tersebut, belum menghasilkan peningkatan keterwakilan perempuan yang signifikan di DPR RI. ......This research discusses about the development of affirmative action regulations in the increase of women's representation in the House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat/DPR) of Republic of Indonesia and how the implementation of the regulations since the beginning of affirmative action was applied from 2004 until the last time affirmative action for DPR was implemented in 2014. The research method used is normative juridical with a legal history approach. The discussion begins by analyzing the affirmative action on the Acts of Political Parties, the Acts of the Election for Members of DPR, the Regional Representatives Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah/DPD) and the Local People’s Representatives Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah/DPRD), and the Acts of Representatives Council Institutions. In addition, this research will also discuss about the implementation of the regulations by analyzing the implementative regulations. The results of the research show that there are two forms of affirmative action for women to enter DPR, i.e.: through quotas of political parties and quotas in the process of legislative candidacy. In every period of DPR, the regulations on women's affirmative actions have been continuesly changing. However, with those changes, the regulations have not succeeded to increase women's representation in DPR significantly.

Abstrak :
This article concerns establishing a plausible connection between the word jang(an) in colloquial Malay varieties and jang-, a form which negates infinitives, in the diasporic contact variety Sri Lankan Malay. The principal claim is that jang(an) marks irrealis modality in Southeast Asian Malay varieties, in which it is frequently (optionally) deployed in negative subjunctive-like embedded clauses. A related claim, dependent on the first of the two, is that the irrealis interpretation conveyed by jang(an) makes it a semantically plausible bridge from a Malay grammar with clausal symmetry to the grammar of Sri Lankan Malay. In Sri Lankan Malay, embedded clauses are frequently non-finite, with infinitives similarly conveying irrealis meaning. Sri Lankan Malay jang- is in complementary distribution with the affirmative infinitival prefix me-, which is also derived from a marker of irrealis modality (mau) in colloquial Southeast Asian Malay varieties.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas tentang rendahnya tingkat keterwakilan perempuan dalam parlemen, penyebabnya, implikasinya, dan upaya pemerintah dalam mengatasinya. Sebagaimana kita ketahui bahwa lebih dari setengah penduduk Indonesia adalah perempuan, namun mereka tidak memiliki wakil yang proporsional di parlemen. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh hambatan-hambatan struktural maupun kultural yang menghambat akses perempuan terhadap dunia politik. Kesadaran tentang arti penting perempuan di parlemen telah mulai dibangun melalui kebijakan afirmasi dengan sistem kuota. Melalui kebijakan ini diharapkan partisipasi aktif dari perempuan, sehingga akan didapat keterwakilan yang memadai di parlemen. Namun, dinamika ketatanegaraan yang terjadi kerap kali kontradiktif dengan cita-cita keterwakilan proporsional perempuan. Hasilnya, angka minimal 30% yang ingin dicapai melalui kebijakan afirmasi tidak tercapai dan hanya mampu meraih 18%. Meski tidak dapat dipungkiri, bahwa tercapainya keterwakilan yang proporsional tidak hanya bicara aturan semata tetapi juga kesadaran dan keinginan penuh dari kaum perempuan itu sendiri. Untuk itu, kebijakan afirmasi ini harus diaplikasikan dari hulu ke hilir. Mulai dari pendidikan politik bagi kaum perempuan, pembangunan kesadaran partai politik akan arti penting partisipasi perempuan, sampai dengan jaminan hukum terhadapnya. ......This thesis discusses about the low level of women representation in parliament, causes, implications, and government efforts to overcome them. As we know that more than half of Indonesia's population are women, but they do not have a proportional representative in parliament. This condition is caused by structural and cultural barriers that hinder women's access to politics. Awareness about the importance of women in parliament has begun to be built through affirmative policies with quota systems. This policy is expected to increase active participation of women, so it will get adequate representation in parliament. However, the dynamics of state administration shows in contradiction with the ideals of proportional representation of women. The result, at least 30% figure to be achieved through a policy of affirmation is not reached and only able to reach 18%. Although it is undeniable, that the achievement of proportional representation not only talk about rules but also full consciousness and the appetency of women themselves. Therefore, this affirmation policy should be applied from upstream to downstream. Starting from the political education for women, building awareness of political party about the importance of women political participation, until the legal guarantees against it.

Abstrak :
Usia dewasa madya merupakan fase kehidupan yang ditandai oleh banyak tanggung jawab dan peran yang dapat memengaruhi kepuasan hubungan pernikahan. Maka, untuk mencapai kepuasan dalam hubungan pernikahan, dewasa madya dapat menggunakan mekanisme koping, yaitu afirmasi diri. Afirmasi diri dapat membantu individu untuk mengatasi masalah yang dimilikinya. Studi ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui kaitan antara afirmasi diri dan kepuasan hubungan pada dewasa madya (usia 40-65 tahun) yang sedang menikah, bekerja, memiliki anak, dan memiliki orang tua atau mertua yang menjadi tanggungan. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah CSI-16 dari Funk dan Rogge (2007) dan SSAM dari Harris dkk. (2019). Sebanyak 99 data responden berhasil diolah dalam penelitian ini dengan menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif yang signifikan antara afirmasi diri dan kepuasan hubungan. Apabila seseorang memiliki afirmasi diri yang baik, maka ia akan cenderung merasa memiliki kepuasan hubungan dalam hubungannya. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan pemahaman dewasa madya terkait afirmasi diri yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan hubungan pernikahannya. ......Middle adulthood is a phase of life marked by many responsibilities and roles that can affect marital satisfaction. So, to achieve satisfaction in the marital relationship, middle adults can use coping mechanisms, namely self-affirmation. Self-affirmation can help individuals to overcome the problems they have. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-affirmation and relationship satisfaction in middle adults (age 40-65 years) who are married, work, have children, and have dependent parents or in-laws. The measurement tools used are CSI-16 from Funk and Rogge (2007) and SSAM from Harris et al. (2019). 99 respondent data were successfully processed in this study by showing a significant positive correlation between self-affirmation and relationship satisfaction. If a person has good self-affirmation, then she/he will tend to feel that she/he has conflicting relationship satisfaction. The implication of this marriage research is to increase middle-adult understanding of self-affirmation needed to increase relationship satisfaction

Abstrak :
This book discusses affirmative action or positive discrimination, defined as measures awarding privileges to certain groups that have historically suffered discrimination or have been underrepresented in specific social sectors. The book?s underlying rationale is that one cannot place at the same starting point people who have been treated differently in the past because in this way one merely perpetuates a state of difference and, in turn, social gaps are exaggerated and social cohesion is endangered. Starting out with an introduction on the meaning and typology of affirmative action policies, the book goes on to emphasise the interaction of affirmative action with traditional values of liberal state, such as equality, meritocracy, democracy, justice, liberalism and socialism. It reveals the affirmative action goals from a legal and sociological point of view, examining the remedial, cultural, societal, pedagogical and economy purposes of such action. After applying an institutional narrative of the implementation of affirmative action worldwide, the book explains the jurisprudence on the issue through syntheses and antitheses of structural and material variables, such as the institutional recognition of the policies, the domains of their implementation and their beneficiaries. The book eventually makes an analytical impact assessment following the implementation of affirmative action plans and the judicial response, especially in relation to the conventional human rights doctrine, by establishing a liaison between affirmative action and social and group rights.. The book applies a multi-disciplinary and comparative methodology in order to assess the ethical standing of affirmative action policies, the public interests involved and their effectiveness towards actual equality. In the light of the above analysis, the monograph explains the arguments considering affirmative action as a theology for substantive equality and the arguments treating this policy as anathema for liberalism. A universal discussion currently at its peak.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Penelitian ini menjelaskan pengaruh tingkat dukungan sosial terhadap tingkat well-being mahasiswa migran penerima program Afirmasi Pendidikan ADik Papua dan Daerah 3T terdepan, terluar, dan tertinggal di Universitas Indonesia. Studi-studi sebelumnya memperlihatkan bahwa mahasiswa memiliki permasalahan terkait ketidaksiapan mental, hubungn sosial, dan ekonomi. Studi melihat permasalahan mahasiswa migran sebagai bentuk rendahnya tingkat well-being yang disebabkan oleh rendahnya tingkat dukungan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengen teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui survei kepada 34 mahasiswa, wawancara mendalam kepada 6 mahasiswa, studi dokumen, dan observasi. Dalam analisis dukungan sosial, pihak yang dinilai paling memberikan dukungan adalah teman dan orang tua, sedangkan yang kurang memberikan dukungan adalah pemerintah daerah. Sementara itu dalam analisis well-being, skor terendah terdapat pada mental well-being. Uji regresi menunjukkan terdapat tiga model yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap well-being mahasiswa yaitu dukungan emosional, dukungan jaringan, dan dukungan informasi. Sementara itu, peneliti menduga terdapat varibel lain yang turut mempengaruhi well-being mahasiswa yaitu jaringan kelompok keagamaan mahasiswa berdasarkan wawancara mendalam dan observasi dan religiositas mahasiswa berdasarkan studi litelatur.

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ABSTRACT
This study explains the effect of social support level to migrants students well being receiving Papua Education Affirmative ADIK program and 3T Outside, Outermost and Left behind regions at the University of Indonesia. Previous studies discussed that students have problems related to mental, social, and economic unpreparedness. This study explains the migrant students problems as a form of low levels of well being caused by low levels of social support. This study uses quantitative approaches with data collection techniques obtained through surveys to 34 students, in depth interviews to 6 students, document studies, and observations. In the analysis of social support, the parties who are most likely to provide support are friends and parents, while the local governments give less supports. Meanwhile, in a well being analysis, the lowest score is in the well being mentality. Regression test showed that there are three models that have significant influence on student well being that is emotional support, network support, and information support. Meanwhile, the researcher suspect that there are other variables that influence the well being of students, namely the network of religious groups of students based on in depth interviews and observation and students religiosity based on review study.