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"Banyak cara orang mencapai bulan. Orang Amerika Serikat menuju bulan dengan peswat Apollo. Orang Rusia menggunakan Soyuz. Dengan teknologi canggih mereka melesat ke ruang angkasa. Lain lagi dengan orang Cina. Mereka membuat tangga manusia: satu orang berdiri di atas pundak yang lain sambng menyambung membentuk formasi tangga manusia yang tinggi sekali hingga menembus cakrawala. Sampailan mereka ke bulan."

"Crowd violence endangers human lives and has proximity to crime-related problems. This study discusses the crowd violence handling of the Magelang City district police. Participatory research, action research, and document analysis are applied to unearth the phenomena. The crowd violence in Magelangcan be analysed using the two relevant theories: 1) psychological and 2) environmental criminology perspectives. Nevertheless, their application has not yet been detailly explained in this study. Cooperation with relevant parties is needed to endeavour more law-abiding adolescents. Moreover, the crowd violence prevention strategies the at district police level shall be established and reviewed periodically to find better and more appropriate methods. Hence, crowd violence may be reduced and prevented for the advantage of broader society."

"Latar Belakang: Cisplatin, agen kemoterapi utama dalam terapi kanker ovarium,memiliki sifat hepatotoksik karena menginduksi stres oksidatif. Kurkumin dapatmeningkatkan kadar atau aktivitas antioksidan endogen seperti enzim superoksidadismutase dan glutation. Formulasi nanopartikel kurkumin dapat meningkatkanbioavailabilitas kurkumin dan distribusinya pada organ target. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh nanokurkumin terhadap hepatotoksisitasakibat cisplatin melalui regulasi antioksidan endogen SOD dan GSH. Metode: 25ekor tikus galur Wistar betina dibagi ke dalam 1 kelompok sham dan 4 kelompokmodel kanker ovarium yang diinduksi DMBA pada penelitian in-vivo ini. Empatkelompok tersebut adalah kelompok tanpa terapi, cisplatin 4 mg/KgBBintraperitoneal, cisplatin dengan kurkumin konvensional 100 mg/KgBB per oral,atau cisplatin dengan nanopartikel kurkumin dalam kitosan 100 mg/KgBB per oral.Setelah perlakuan selama 1 bulan, hepar tikus diambil dan disimpan beku.Pengukuran aktivitas SOD, kadar GSH, dan kadar GSSG dilakukan dengan metodespektrofotometri. Hasil: Uji statistik pada kadar GSH, GSSG, dan aktivitas SODmenunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada kelompok ko-kemoterapikurkumin konvensional dibanding monoterapi cisplatin (p<0.05). Tidak adaperbedaan yang bermakna antarkelompok pada rasio GSH/GSSG (p>0.05) dantidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok ko-kemoterapi padasemua variabel (p>0.05). Kesimpulan: Kurkumin konvensional dan nanokurkuminsetara dalam meregulasi antioksidan endogen SOD dan GSH pada tikus modelkanker ovarium yang mendapat cisplatin.

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Introduction: As the primary chemotherapeutic agent of choice for ovarian cancer,

cisplatin has hepatotoxic properties via oxidative stress induction. Curcumin can

increase the levels and activities of endogenous antioxidants like superoxide

dismutase enzyme and glutathione. Formulation of curcumin nanoparticles

increases its bioavailability and target organ distribution. This research aims to

elucidate the effects of nanocurcumin on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity via

regulation of endogenous antioxidants, SOD and GSH. Method: 25 Wistar female

rats were grouped into 1 sham group and 4 DMBA-induced ovarian cancer model

groups in this in-vivo study. Four cancer model groups were further divided into

no-treatment, 100 mg/KgBW intraperitoneal cisplatin therapy, cisplatin with oral

100 mg/KgBW conventional curcumin, and cisplatin with oral 100 mg/KgBW

curcumin nanoparticle in chitosan group. The liver of the rats were taken and frozen

after one month of treatment. Spectrophotometry was used to measure the activities

of SOD, levels of GSH, and levels of GSSG. Results: Statistic tests on levels of

GSH, GSSG, and activity of SOD showed significant increase in the curcumin cochemotherapy

against cisplatin monotherapy (p<0.05). There was no significant

difference within the groups of GSH/GSSG ratio (p>0.05) and no significant

difference was found between the curcumin co-chemotherapy and nanocurcumin

co-chemotherapy groups in all the variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: Conventional

curcumin and nanocurcumin administration are similar in regulating endogenous

antioxidants SOD and GSH on rats with ovarian cancer model treated with cisplatin."

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas bagaimana sinkronisasi teknologi Web 2.0, yaitu melaluiVoiceThread, dapat membantu pengajar kemahiran berbicara meningkatkanpemberian balikan formatif di pengajaran berbicara. Penelitian ini menunjukkanbahwa penggunaan VoiceThread mampu menjadi salah satu solusi untuk membantupengajar yang hendak memberi balikan secara spesifik, jelas, dan akurat pada kegiatanperformansi lisan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan yang melibatkan enampemelajar EFL di salah satu perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Sebelum VoiceThreaddapat berperan untuk meningkatkan pemberian balikan formatif, penelitian inimenemukan bahwa pengajar perlu memenuhi lima upaya berikut: (1) Membuat ProfilPemelajar; (2) Membuat Desain Pemelajaran; (3) Memahami Pemberian BalikanFormatif; (4) Menentukan Rubrik Penilaian; dan (5) Implementasi VoiceThread.Implementasi VoiceThread ini didesain tidak hanya bertujuan membantu pengajarmeningkatkan pemberian balikan formatif, tetapi juga membuat siswa dapatmemerhatikan dan memelajari pemberian balikan formatif pengajar. Untuk mencapaitujuan tersebut, hasil dari penelitian tindakan ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberianbalikan formatif melalui VoiceThread menjadi bernilai karena merupakan mekanismeyang mengkombinasikan pertemuan asinkron dan tatap muka. Mekanisme inikemudian diistilahkan menjadi action research on blended learning.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses how synchronizing Web 2.0 technologies, particularly by usingVoiceThread, is able to help English speaking teachers to improve their formativefeedback in the teaching of speaking skills. This study shows that the use ofVoiceThread able to become one of the solutions to help teachers who want to providespecific, clear and accurate feedback on oral performance activities. This study is anaction research which involves six EFL learners at one of universities in Indonesia.Before VoiceThread can contribute to improve teachers? formative feedback, thisstudy found that teachers need to do the following five matters, they are: (1) Makinglearners profile; (2) Making lesson plan; (3) Understanding formative feedback; (4)Determining assessment rubric; and (5) Implementing VoiceThread. ImplementingVoiceThread is not only designed to help teachers improve their formative feedback,but also make their students able to notice and learn their teacher?s formative feedbackafterward. To achieve these objectives, the result of this action research study indicatesthat giving formative feedback by using VoiceThread is worthwhile since it is amechanism that combines the asynchronous learning and face-to-face. Thus, this canbe considered as an action research on blended learning., This thesis discusses how synchronizing Web 2.0 technologies, particularly by usingVoiceThread, is able to help English speaking teachers to improve their formativefeedback in the teaching of speaking skills. This study shows that the use ofVoiceThread able to become one of the solutions to help teachers who want to providespecific, clear and accurate feedback on oral performance activities. This study is anaction research which involves six EFL learners at one of universities in Indonesia.Before VoiceThread can contribute to improve teachers’ formative feedback, thisstudy found that teachers need to do the following five matters, they are: (1) Makinglearners profile; (2) Making lesson plan; (3) Understanding formative feedback; (4)Determining assessment rubric; and (5) Implementing VoiceThread. ImplementingVoiceThread is not only designed to help teachers improve their formative feedback,but also make their students able to notice and learn their teacher’s formative feedbackafterward. To achieve these objectives, the result of this action research study indicatesthat giving formative feedback by using VoiceThread is worthwhile since it is amechanism that combines the asynchronous learning and face-to-face. Thus, this canbe considered as an action research on blended learning.]"