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Abstrak :
Deceleration rate, time to collision and impact speed have been commonly employed as accident risk indicators. However, it is hard to assess the level of accident risk since these indicators have not been developed with measurable score criteria. This study focuses on the determination of measurable risk indicators which could be used to assess accident risk level and to determine more appropriate accident risk management strategies by using the descriptive qualitative approach. The data were collected from a braking maneuver test conducted on a dry and level closed circuit course. Risk was a function of accident probability and its possible consequences, while accident probability was determined based on the safety factor, i.e. the ratio of available stopping sight distance (ASSD) to minimum SSD (MSSD), which was used to determine the margin of safety. Subsequently, accident consequence was determined using the impact speed at a predicted point of collision along the braking distance path. The results show that accident risk could be easily determined using the proposed indicators, whilst an objective and appropriate accident risk management strategy could be determined based on the minimum margin of safety value which could be obtained from each risk exposure.

Abstrak :
Accident prone locations refer to locations having or susceptible to having, a greater than average number of accidents which are represented by outstanding figures of repetitive accident occurrences along the roads. Any appropriate application of remedial safety treatments will require ­an in-depth study to find the accident causations and the possible contributing factors. The present study adopts the combined approach of Systems Theory which proposes that accidents are the result of maladjustments in the interaction between the components of complex systems, and the Causal Accident Theory which tries to find the real causes of accidents by probing the events leading to each accident in detail. The case study was conducted at Gringsing Roundabout in Central Java and the intersecting roads, the data of which reveal a high frequency of accidents. The data were analyzed using cross tabulations to produce first-hierarchy and second-hierarchy accident causations. Results indicate that geometric features, as the predominant factors, lack compliance with the standards. The remedial safety treatment therefore focuses on geometric redesigning of the roundabout in compliance with geometric standards and traffic demand. A major change, in conjunction with other hazard reduction schemes along the roads, is also proposed to the existing roundabout. The proposed changes are expected to mitigate or remove the possible accident causes, thus reducing accident occurrences.