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Hasil Pencarian

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Silitonga, Freddy Guntur Mangapul
Abstrak :
Latar belakang : Pembedahan abdomen secara laparotomi menyebabkan penurunan kadar albumin. Kadar albumin di bawah 3,00 g/dL berperan dalam terjadinya mortalitas dan morbiditas pasca-operasi. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara kadar albumin pre-operasi dan pasca-operasi terhadap luaran klinis pasca-operasi laparotomi. Metode : Penelitian ini dengan desain kohort retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak tahun 2015-2017. Total sampling pada pasien pasca-laparotomi di PICU dengan rentang usia 1 bulan hingga 18 tahun, dikelompokan ke dalam dua kategori, yaitu: albumin ≤ 3,0 g/dL dan > 3,00 g/dL. Subyek diambil data luaran klinis pasca-operasi seperti sepsis pasca-operasi, infeksi luka operasi, dehisens, relaparotomi, dan lama rawat di PICU. Hasil : Dua ratus satu subyek pasca-laparotomi diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Kadar albumin pre-operasi ≤ 3,0 g/dL meningkatkan risiko terjadinya sepsis pasca-operasi (RR 3,40(95%IK: 1,54-7,51), relaparotomi (RR 3,84(95%IK: 1,28-11,49), dan lama rawat PICU 2 kali lebih lama daripada normoalbuminemia. Kadar albumin pasca-operasi ≤ 3,0 g/dL meningkatkan risiko terjadinya sepsis pasca-operasi (RR 2,55(95%IK: 1,40-4,63) dan lama rawat PICU 1 hari lebih lama daripada normoalbuminemia. Mortalitas pada kelompok hipoalbuminemia sebesar 19,2% dengan RR 3,44(95%IK: 1,07-11,07). Simpulan : Hipoalbuminemia pre-operatif atau pasca-operatif meningkatkan risiko kejadian sepsis pasca-operatif. Hipoalbuminemia pre-operatif atau pasca-operatif tidak berhubungan dengan infeksi luka operasi. Hipoalbuminemia pre-operatif atau pasca-operatif tidak berhubungan dengan risiko kejadian dehisens. Hipoalbuminemia pre-operatif meningkatkan risiko untuk menjalani relaparotomi. Hipoalbuminemia pre-operatif atau pasca-operatif memperpanjang lama rawat di PICU. Hipoalbuminemia pre-operatif meningkatkan angka mortalitas. ...... Backgrounds : Laparotomy abdominal surgery decreasing serum albumin. Serum albumin concentration below 3,00 g/dL associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Aim: To determine the relationship between serum albumin (preoperative and postoperative) and postoperative clinical course. Methods : Retrospesctive observational study in pediatric patients undergoing laparotomy and hospitalized in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit during January 2015- December 2017. Post-laparotomy patients over the age range 1 month to 18 years, classified according to serum albumin concentration: ≤ 3,0 g/dL and > 3,00 g/dL. Postoperative outcome measured by postoperative sepsis, surgical site infection, dehiscence, relaparotomy, PICU length of stay, and mortality. Results : Two hundred and one subjects undergone laparotomy participated. Preoperative serum albumin ≤ 3,0 g/dL increase risk of postoperative sepsis (RR 3,40 (95%CI: 1,54-7,51)), relaparotomy (RR 3,84 (95%CI: 1,28-11,49)), and twice longer in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit length of stay. Postoperative albumin ≤ 3,0 g/dL increase risk of postoperative sepsis (RR 2,55(95%CI: 1,40-4,63)) and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit length of stay. Mortality rate in hypoalbuminemic group is 19,2% with RR 3,44(95%CI: 1,07-11,07). Conclusions : Preoperative and postoperative hypoalbuminemia increase risk of postoperative sepsis. Preoperative and postoperative hypoalbuminemia not associated with risk of surgical site infection and wound dehiscense. Preoperative hypoalbuminemia increase risk of relaparotomy. Preoperative and postoperative albumin concentration inversely related with Pediatric Intensive Care Unit length of stay. Preoperative hypoalbuminemia increase mortality rate.
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2019
T58705
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Agnes Minarni
Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Sebagian besar pasien pasca pembedahan abdominal yang masuk ICU menggunakan alat bantu berupa ventilasi mekanik. Kecemasan akibat penggunaan ventilasi mekanik dapat meningkatkan respon stres pasca pembedahan yang bila dibiarkan dapat menghasilkan hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan. Sedasi dibutuhkan untuk meniminalkan respon stres yang terjadi akibat penggunaan ventilasi mekanik. Deksmedetomidin dan midazolam merupakan agen sedasi yang banyak digunakan di ICU. Metode: Penelitian uji klinis acak tersamar ganda ini mengelompokkan 22 pasien dewasa pascabedah abdominal yang mendapat layanan sedasi di ruang ICU RSCM menjadi 2 kelompok. Grup deksmedetomidin menerima 0,5 μg/kgbb intravena. Grup midazolam menerima 0,05 mg/kgbb intravena. Pemberian ke dua obat tanpa loading dose dan mulai diberikan setelah pasien tiba di ICU pada skala RASS nol (0). Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien dengan rentang usia 18-65 tahun, ASA I sampai III yang membutuhkan ventilasi mekanik pascabedah abdominal. Hasil: Deksmedetomidin dan midazolam tidak mampu menurunkan respon stres karena hanya satu dari tiga parameter yang signifikan secara statistik. Penurunan gula darah terjadi pada grup midzolam setelah 6 jam pasca pembedahan abdominal (p<0,05), sedangkan untuk kadar IL-6 dan kortisol tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0,05). Skala RAAS pada grup deksmedetomidin menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dibandingkan grup midazolam (p<0,05) sedangkan FAS tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0.05). Simpulan: Sebagai agen sedasi, deksmedetomidin dan midazolam tidak mampu menurunkan respon stres pada pasien yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik pasca bedah abdominal. Tingkat sedasi pada grup deksmedetomidin lebih baik daripada grup midazolam, tetapi deksmedetomidin dan midazolam sama-sama mampu meminimalkan kecemasan. ......Background: Post-operative mechanical ventilation were often needed in patients after abdominal surgeries. Sedation was often given to minimize anxiety and stress response to mechanical ventilation. Both dexmedetomidine and midazolam are commonly used as sedatives in ICU. This study was aimed to compare the ability of dexmedetomidine and midazolam in reducing anxiety and stress response. Methods: Twenty two patients aged 18-65 years, ASA physical status I to III, underwent abdominal surgery and requiring postoperative ventilation were included. Subjects were randomly divided into equal groups. Subjects in group D received dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg/kg iv, while in group M received midazolam 0,05 mg/kg iv. Vital signs, Face Anxiety Scale, RASS score, cortisol, blood glucose and IL-6 level were taken at baseline when subjects were admitted to the ICU and followed up until 6 hours. Results: Both of dexmedetomidine and midazolam can not decreased stress response, in group M only decreased blood glucose level after 6 hours post-operative achieved statistical significance (p<0.05). Only RASS scale was significantly differed between group D and group M(p<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in other measured parameters. Conclusions: Both dexmedetomidine and midazolam as sedative can not decreased stress response on abdominal surgery patients who required mechanical ventilation. Sedation level of dexmedetomidine was better than midazolam, but both of them can minimize anxiety.
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2019
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Eka Yudha Lantang
Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Bedah abdomen merupakan salah satu tindakan yang memiliki persentase mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi. Pemberian cairan sebagai kompensasi hipotensi dan kehilangan darah yang menyebabkan gangguan hemodinamik pada pasien bedah mayor abdomen menjadi faktor resiko utama dalam terjadinya morbiditas dan mortalitas. Hipotensi dan gangguan hemodinamik dapat dipertahankan dengan pemberian vasopressor. Norepinefrin merupakan vasopressor lini pertama yang diberikan untuk mempertahankan hemodinamik. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan sistem random sampling, 196 subjek dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan dilakukan randomisasi untuk dikategorikan menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok terapi standar dan kelompok norepinefrin. Hasil: Hasil penelitian dengan Chi-square menunjukkan bahwa durasi hipotensi dan laktat serta profil hemodinamik (index contractility, mixed vein, stroke volume variation) tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok norepinefrin dan kelompok terapi standar (OR 1.00;95% CI = 0.062 - 16.217; OR 1.18;95% CI = 0.670-2.095; OR 1.09;95% CI = 0.611 – 1.952; OR 0.94;95% CI = 0.472- 1.872; OR 1.54;95% CI = 0.863-2.746). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa dengan pemberian norepinefrin dini pada awal fase hipotensi memiliki efek yang sama baiknya dengan terapi cairan, sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif dalam mempertahankan hemodinamik perioperatif. ...... Introduction: Major abdominal surgery is one of the actions that have a percentage of high mortality and morbidity. Giving fluid as compensation for hypotension and loss of blood causes disturbance in hemodynamics in patients with major abdominal surgery factor risk main in happening morbidity and mortality. Hypotension and disorders in hemodynamics could be maintained with the administration of vasopressors. Norepinephrine is a first-line vasopressor for maintaining hemodynamics. Method: In this experimental study with systematic random sampling, 196 subjects were chosen based on criteria inclusion and randomization for categorized into two groups that is group therapy standard and group norepinephrine. Result: This experiment analyzed with Chi-square shows that duration hypotension and lactate as well as profile hemodynamics (index contractility, mixed vein, stroke volume variation) do have meaningful differences _ Among group norepinephrine and group therapy standard OR 1.00;95% CI = 0.062 - 16.217; OR 1.18;95% CI = 0.670-2.095; OR 1.09;95% CI = 0.611 – 1.952; OR 0.94;95% CI = 0.472- 1.872; OR 1.54;95% CI = 0.863-2.746). Conclusion: This experiment obtained that given norepinephrine at the beginning phase of hypotension has the same effect as fluid therapy, so that could be an alternative in maintaining hemodynamics perioperativ
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2022
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Manzoni, Giovanni de
Abstrak :
Although there has been a slow but steady decrease in incidence, gastric cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Several aspects of the oncological and surgical management are still controversial and so gastric cancer represents a challenge for the surgeon. This book aims to delineate the state of the art in the surgical and oncological treatment of gastric cancer, describing the new TNM staging system, the extent of visceral resection and lymphadenectomy focusing on the different open and minimally invasive surgical techniques and discussing intraoperative chemohyperthermia and neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment. Operative endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography are also discussed, as these now have an important role in both diagnostic work-up and palliative care of gastric cancer patients. Only a multidisciplinary approach involving the surgeon, gastroenterologist, and oncologist can produce the comprehensive and integrated overview that today constitutes a winning strategy for the optimization of results.What we hope we have achieved is a flexible, up-to-date, exhaustive publication, rich in illustrations and consistent with evidence-based medicine.
Milan: Springer, 2012
e20425982
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library