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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Status gizi merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan individu. Penelitian mengenai hubungan status gizi dengan lebar lengkung gigi sulung di Indonesia masih sedikit ditemukan. Lebar lengkung gigi dapat dilihat dari jarak interkaninus dan intermolar. Tujuan: Memperoleh hubungan status gizi terhadap jarak interkaninus dan intermolar 5-7 tahun. Metode: Studi observasional melalui rekam medik dan model studi pasien usia 5-7 tahun dari Rumah Sakit Kedokteran Gigi dan Mulut (RSKGM FKG UI). Hasil: Terdapat 45 subjek yang telah diukur jarak interkaninus dan intermolar dengan status gizi yang berbeda yakni 2 subjek dalam kategori kurus, 31 subjek dalam kategori normal, dan 12 subjek dalam kategori gemuk. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) jarak interkaninus dan intermolar antara kategori normal dan gemuk. Uji korelasi menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara status gizi dengan jarak interkaninus dan intermolar namun tidak bermakna serta berbanding terbalik terhadap jarak interkaninus. Kesimpulan: Status gizi memiliki hubungan terhadap jarak interkaninus dan intermolar namun tidak bermakna. ...... Background: Nutrition is one of the contributing factors in the growth and development of an individual. There has been little research on the relationship between nutritional status towards dental arch width in Indonesia. Dental arch width is measured from intercanine and intermolar distance. Objective: Analyse the relationship between nutritional status towards dental arch width. Method: An observational study using models and medical records of subjects age 5 to 7 from Rumah Sakit Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia (RSKGM FKG UI). Result: There are 45 subjects in which the distance of intercanine and intermolar are calculated with varying nutrition levels where 2 are in underweight category, 31 are in normal category, and 12 are in overweight category. There were no significant differences (p<0,05) on intercanine and intermolar distance between normal and overweight. Correlation test shows corelation between nutrition towards intercanine and intermolar distance but insignificant and inverted correlation with the intercanine. Conclusion: Nutrition has no significant correlation towards intercanine and intermolar distance.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Gigi berjejal seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Nance, adalah perbedaan antara ruang yang diperlukan di dalam lengkung gigi dengan ruang yang ada di dalam lengkung gigi. Banyak faktor telah dievaluasi dan ditemukan terkait dengan gigi berjejal, termasuk perbedaan antara ukuran gigi, lebar lengkung dan panjang lengkung gigi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada usia remaja karena sebagian besar anak usia pertumbuhan khususnya remaja di Indonesia mengalami gigi berjejal. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara Lebar Lengkung gigi dengan Panjang Lengkung gigi permanen rahang atas pada remaja dengan gigi berjejal. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik korelasi dengan desain potong lintang. Dilakukan pencetakan rahang atas dan bawah pada 52 subjek penelitian sesuai kriteria inklusi untuk menghitung Lebar Lengkung yaitu Lebar Interkaninus dan Lebar Intermolar dan Panjang Lengkung yaitu Panjang Lengkung Gigi Anterior dan Panjang Lengkung Gigi Total rahang atas. Digunakan uji korelasi Pearson untuk analisis korelasi antara Lebar Lengkung dan Panjang Lengkung gigi. Hasil: Uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan terdapat korelasi linier positif lemah yang bermakna secara statistik antara Lebar Interkaninus dengan Panjang Lengkung Gigi Anterior (r = 0,28, p=0,04). Sedangkan pada hasil uji korelasi Lebar Intermolar dan Panjang Lengkung Gigi Total, tidak terdapat korelasi linier yang bermakna secara statistik (r=0,13, p=0,36). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara Lebar Interkaninus dan Panjang Lengkung Gigi Anterior, namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara Lebar Intermolar dan Panjang Lengkung Gigi Total.
Background: Dental crowding as described by Nance is the difference between the space needed in the arch and the space available in that arch that is the space discrepancy. Many factors have been evaluated and found to be related to dental crowding, including discrepancy between tooth size, arch width, and arch length. This research was conducted in adolescence because most growing age in Indonesia, especially adolescents have dental crowding. Objective: To determine the correlation between maxillary arch width and length of crowded permanent dentition in the adolescent. Methods: This research was an analytic correlation study with crosssectional design. Study model of 52 selected sample based on inclusion criteria were used to measure the arch widths are calculated by measuring Intercanine Width and Intermolar Width and arch lengths are calculated by measuring Anterior and Total Arch Length. The Pearson correlation was used to analyse the correlation between the arch widths and arch lengths. Result: Pearson correlation test showed that there was statistically significant with weak positive liniear correlation (r=0,28, p=0,04) between the Intercanine Width and the Anterior Arch Length. Whereas there was no statistically significant (r=0,13, p=0,36) between the Intermolar Width and Total Arch Length. Conclusion: There was correlation between Intercanine Width and Anterior Arch Length, but there was no correlation between Intermolar Width and Total Arch Length.

Abstrak :
Perhitungan VaR (Value at Risk) merupakan kewajiban bagi setiap bank dalam mengukur potensi risiko atas portfolio yang dimilikinya. Ini merupakan kewajiban yang diamanatkan oleh Bank Indonesia (BI). Pada Tesis ini, akan diperlihatkan pengukuran VaR risiko nilai tukar pada PT Bank EOS dan pendekatan estimasi volatilitas EWMA serta ARCH/GARCH. Diperlihatkan bahwa ARCH/GARCH dapat menghasilkan model VaR yang lebih baik daripada model VaR yang menggunakan estimasi volatilitas EWMA. Dengan menggunakan ARCH/GARCH, maka kita akan memperoleh nilai VaR Portfolio PT. Bank EOS untuk 1 September 2009 sebesar Rp. 3.783.429.678.

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Bank has a responsibility to assess potential risk of its portfolio through VaR (Value at Risk). VaR is a mandatory assessment required by Central Bank of Indonesia (BI). This thesis will illustrate how to make an assessment about potential risk of foreign exchange portfolio of PT Bank EOS by evaluating VaR with both EWMA and ARCH/GARCH methods. Final result described that ARCH/GARCH methods is better than EWMA. By using ARCH/GARCH, VaR for PT Bank EOS on the 1st of September 2009 is Rp. 3.783.429.678.

Abstrak :
Since the last several years food prices have tendency to unstable condition. In this context, price stabilization policy would be ineffective if volatility of prices are not thoroughly taken into consideration. The aim of this reseach is to analyze volatility of retail prices of some major food commodities, namely rice, white sugar, wheat flour, egg, cooking oil, red chili, and shallot in Indonesia during the last twenty years. Result of the study showed that variance of deflated retail prices of rice, white sugar, wheat flour, red chili, and shallot were heteroscedastic. Because the accuracy of its forecast is time– varying, the better price forecasting model is ARCH/GARCH. Using this model, it is revealed that since the era of Reformation the deflated retail prices of rice, wheat flour, and white sugar were more volatile. On the other hand, the volatility prices of both chili and shallot before and after the Reformation were not significantly different.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Labioplasti dan palatoplasti merupakan tindakan definitif dalam tatalaksana celah bibir dan langit-langit. Pasca tindakan pembedahan, rata-rata ditemukan konstriksi lengkung gigi dalam arah antero-posterior dan lateral. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi dimensi lengkung gigi pada pasien UCLP dan BCLP pasca labioplasti dan palatoplasti menggunakan model studi pada usia 5 tahun. Metode: Dilakukan pencetakan model studi rahang atas dan bawah pada pasien UCLP dan BCLP pasca labioplasti dan palatoplasti, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran lebar lengkung gigi anterior dan posterior serta panjang lengkung gigi rahang atas dan bawah. Hasil perbandingan antar kelompok dan dengan kelompok kontrol dilakukan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dan Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada dimensi lengkung gigi rahang atas antara kelompok kontrol, UCLP dan BCLP. Kesimpulan: Gangguan tumbuh kembang lengkung gigi pada pasien UCLP dan BCLP pasca labioplasti dan palatoplasti tercermin pada model studi saat pasien berusia 5 tahun ......Background: Labioplasty and palatoplasty has been becoming the mainstay of treatment in cleft patients. Dental arch constriction in lateral and antero-posterior direction was among the most frequently encountered feature in the operated cases. Purpose: To evaluate the dental arch dimension of operated UCLP and BCLP cases by using dental cast at five years of age Method: dental arch dimensions were measured from the dental cast of the operated UCLP and BCLP cases. The results were compared between both group and a control group consisted of normal subjects. The statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney and Kruskall-Wallis test. Results: There were statistically significant differences on the upper dental arch dimensions between those groups. The differences were also observed at the lower dental arch but not statistically significant. Conclusion: Dental arch constriction of the operated cases of UCLP and BCLP could be observed from the dental cast at five years of age.

Abstrak :
Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006. Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 412-415 The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of hotz plate appliance to maxillary arch development of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patient. The subjects were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 6 patients, aged under two years with hotz appliance, recruited from Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, and the second group, as control group, consisted of 6 patients, aged under two years, without hotz appliance, recruited from Haji Hospital Makassar. It was showed that in group with hotz plate appliance, no difference found on the size of anterior maxillary arch and minor maxillary arch. On the other hand, in the control group, minor maxillary arch was longer than mayor maxillary arch. It was concluded that hotz plate appliances affected the palatal development of patient with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Abstrak :
Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV:249-253 The purpose of this study was to observe the correlation between duration of bottle feeding and dental arch measurement in deciduous dentition. Duration of bottle-feeding was devided into 4 groups: ,24 months, 25-36 months, 37-48 months, and >48 months. The subjects were 120 kindergarten pupils, age 3-5 years old. Measurements was done on the models of maxilla and mandible with digital caliper for the width and length of dental arch and using flexible curve for dental arch circumference. Pearson correlation was used to see the correlation between during of bottle-feeding and dental arch measurements. Pearson correlation showed a weak association for anterior arch width (r=0,206), posterior arch width (r=0,195), and anterior circumference (r=0,206) of maxilla and posterior arch width (r=0,279), anterior circumference (r=0,226) of mandible. One-way Anova was performed to analyze the differences of dental arch measurements among duration of bottle-feeding groups. The results showed that there were significantly differences of dental arch measurements for anterior arch width of maxilla, posterior arch width of mandible, and anterior circumference of mandible (p<0,05).

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, temperatur jarang diperhitungkan dalam proses perancangan dan pemantauan struktur, dimana mayoritas insinyur dan praktisi menitikberatkan proses desain pada pembebanan gravitasi dan lateral, seperti gempa dan angin. Padahal, pada kasus-kasus tertentu, temperature bisa menjadi faktor penentu pada struktur, secara khusus pada jembatan bentang panjang. Terlebih lagi, statistik menunjukan bahwa temperatur di muka bumi cenderung terus meningkat, sehingga dapat mengakibatkan pula besarnya dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat perubahan temperatur ini, dan dapat menyebabkan perubahan parameter-parameter struktur, salah satunya adalah parameter dinamik, seperti frekuensi natural dan mode shape, yang akan menjadi fokus penelitian ini. Parameter dinamik dipilih karena memiliki hubungan langsung dengan parameter fisik, yaitu massa dan kekakuan struktur. Sehingga, saat parameter fisik mengalami perubahan, parameter dinamik juga akan segera mengalami perubahan. Perubahan ini juga cenderung dapat menurunkan kinerja struktur, dan menyebabkan perbedaan karakteristik struktur. Dalam peraturan, dijelaskan bahwa struktur diizinkan untuk memiliki nilai simpangan parameter sampai dengan 10 dari kondisi ideal untuk dapat dikategorikan sebagai struktur yang sehar. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi pengaruh temperatur terhadap perubahan parameter struktur, dengan menjadikan salah satu jembatan busur dengan perletakan sendi di Bangkinang, Riau, Indonesia sebagai objek studi kasus. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memodelkan struktur dengan prinsip finite element secara 3D, pemodelan matematis secara 2D, dan pengujian getaran langsung di lapangan. Dari penelitian ini didapati perbedaan temperatur dapat menyebabkan simpangan frekuensi natural struktur sebesar 3.63 .

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ABSTRACT
Seldom is temperature change effect taken into account in structural design and monitoring, since many engineers are focusing only on gravitational and lateral forces, such as wind and earthquake loadings. However, in some cases temperature may be the governing load case in design and monitoring process, especially for a long span bridge. Moreover, statistics have shown that the world rsquo s temperature is gradually increasing nowadays, which means the range of the temperature is raising up. As the range of temperature increases, the resulting temperature effect will also increase. This may cause an alteration to some parameters of the structure, such as dynamics parameters, which will be a focusing object in this research. These parameters are directly corelated to physical parameters, e.g. mass and stiffness. Hence, as the physical parameters has any kind of change, dynamic parameters will also definitely change. This alteration may decrease the health index of the structure. In some regulations, the deviation of the value of natural frequencies, as one of dynamics characteristics, is limited as 10 . This study is intended to observe the health index of the case study bridge and to observe the effect of temperature to dynamics performance of a pinned supports arch bridge in the Province of Riau, Indonesia, and it was found, by modeling the structure in Finite Element FE Model and performing vibration testing, that temperature difference has caused the natural frequencies of the bridge to vary up to 3.63 .