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Abstrak :
Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the world is quite high, especially in developing countries. Usually the patient shows no specific symptoms and chronic gastritis therefore becomes chronically infected The complication of the injéction is the development of peptic ulcer; which is a predisposing factor for gastric carcinoma. Early diagnosis is an important step to avoid these complications by providing immediate accurate therapy. Methods: In this study the CLO, MIU (Motility Indole Urease) tests and culture were conducted on 131 biopsy samples of the stomach antrum mucous tissue taken from chronic dyspepsia patients from several hospitals in Jakarta. In the CLO test, biopsy tissue was put in a small well agar to be incubated at room temperature. In the MIU test the biopsy tissue sample was submerged in the small MlU tube agar with a depth of approximately 2/3 rds from the surface, and then incubated at room temperature. Another piece of biopsy tissue was cultured micro-aerophylicalty The CLO and MlU tests are considered positive if the color changes from yellow to red and are considered negative if there is no color change within 24 hours. Results: Compared to culture, the CLO test demonstrated 38% sensitivity; 96% specificity, 94% positive predictive value and 52% negative predictive value, whereas the results of the MIU test against culture method showed 76% sensitivity 89% specificity 88% positive predictive value, and 78% negative predictive value. Conclusion: The MIU test that showed high sensitivity and specyficity and thus could be further developed as an alternative diagnostic method for H. pylori infection.

Abstrak :
Beberapa jenis penyakit membutuhkan penatalaksanaan secara cepat dan tepat guna menurunkan risiko fatal penderita, salah satu diantaranya adalah difteri. Waktu sangat berharga untuk bisa menolong penderita karena keterlambatan penatalaksanaan bisa meningkatkan kematian kasus hingga 20 kali lipat. Di sisi lain, metode diagnostik konvensional sebagai gold standard membutuhkan waktu 3?5 hari sehingga diperlukan metode diagnostik alternatif untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis difteri. Direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) dapat menjawab tantangan atas besarnya biaya dan lamanya waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk pemeriksaan laboratorium. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode direct PCR sebagi metode alternatif diagnostik difteri secara cepat, mudah dan hemat. Sebanyak 15 sampel yang terdiri dari 10 isolat Corynebacterium diphtheriae toksigenik dan 3 Corynebacterium non-diphtheriae nontoksigenik ditambah dengan 2 spesimen klinis (usap tenggorok) digunakan untuk optimasi metode direct PCR dibandingkan dengan PCR standard sebagai kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa direct PCR dapat digunakan untuk deteksi dan amplifikasi gen target dengan benar seperti halnya PCR standard sehingga pada seluruh sampel C. diphtheriae tampak pita pada 168 bp (penanda gen dtxR) dan 551 bp (penanda gen tox). Sebaliknya pada sampel lain tidak tampak pita pada kedua tempat tersebut. Direct PCR dapat mendeteksi sel bakteri sampai dengan 71 CFU/uL. Oleh karena itu, disimpulkan bahwa direct PCR dapat digunakan sebagai metode diagnostik alternatif untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis difteri secara cepat, mudah dan hemat.

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Direct PCR: Alternative Diagnostic Method for Diagnosis of Diphtheria Rapidly, Easily and Cost Effective. Some diseases require immediate and appropriate treatment to decrease the fatality risk patients incident, for example diphtheria. Time to help patients is very crucial since delay of therapy may increase the mortality cases up to 20 times. In other hands, conventional diagnostic methods (the gold standard) for diagnosis of diphtheria is time consuming and laborious. Therefore, an alternative diagnostic method which is rapid, easy and inexpensive is needed. In this case, direct PCR has been proved to reduce time and cost in laboratory examination. This study aimed to develop direct PCR as alternative diagnostic method for diagnosis of diphtheria rapidly, easily, and inexpensive. Fifteen samples include 10 isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae (toxigenic) and 3 isolates of Corynebacterium non- diphtheriae (nontoxigenic) and 2 clinical specimens (throat swab) was examined by performing direct PCR method and a standard PCR method was used for optimizing the protocols. Result showed that direct PCR can be used to amplify target genes correctly as well as standard PCR. All of C. diphtheriae samples showed bands at 168 bp (dtxR gene marker) and 551 bp (tox gene marker) while no band appeared in others. Direct PCR detected at least 71 CFU/uL of bacterial cells in samples. We concluded that direct PCR can be used for alternative diagnostic method for diagnosis of diphtheria which is rapid, easy and cost effective.