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Abstrak :
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi kekalahan Renaissance dalam pemilihan anggota Parlemen Eropa pada 2019. Pembentukan Union Européenne (UE) merupakan upaya untuk menjamin terciptanya perdamaian di antara negara-negara di Eropa khususnya pasca-Perang Dunia II. Pendirian UE berhasil mengikat seluruh anggotanya untuk tunduk dan patuh terhadap kebijakan yang sudah diputuskan bersama. Terdapat tiga lembaga utama UE yang saling bekerja sama dalam pembuatan kebijakan, yakni Komisi Eropa, Dewan UE, dan Parlemen Eropa. Parlemen Eropa beranggotakan perwakilan dari setiap negara anggota. Struktur Parlemen Eropa terdiri dari seorang Presiden, Wakil Presiden dan 750 anggota. Anggota Parlemen Eropa dipilih langsung oleh masyarakat Eropa setiap lima tahun sekali dengan sistem proporsional. Pada pemilihan anggota Parlemen Eropa 2019, partai yang didirikan oleh Emmanuel Macron, La République En Marche ! berkoalisi dengan tiga partai lain yang memiliki orientasi politik yang sama. Koalisi tersebut diberi nama Renaissance. Pada dasarnya, penurunan tingkat popularitas Emmanuel Macron merupakan alasan mendasar terbentuknya koalisi tersebut. Renaissance memiliki program yang berfokus pada lingkungan hidup, pertahanan, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi UE. Namun, Renaissance mengalami kekalahan pada pemilihan anggota Parlemen Eropa 2019 di Prancis. Kekalahan tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh ketidaksesuaian program Renaissance dengan kondisi ekonomi dan sosial Prancis saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan pendekatan politikologis. ......This article aims to explain the factors behind the defeat of Renaissance in the European Parliament Election in 2019. The European Union was created as an effort to ensure peace between European Countries, especially after World War II. Its establishment has succeeded in binding all its members to obey and comply with policies that have been jointly made. There are three main EU institutions that are working together in creating policies; they are the European Commission, the EU Council and the European Parliament. The European Parliament consists of representatives from each European member country. The structure of the European Parliament consists of a President, Vice President and 750 members. Members of the European Parliament are elected directly by the European community every five years. In the European Parliament election in 2019, the party founded by Emmanuel Macron, La République en marche! was in coalition with three other parties that had the same political orientation as them. This coalition was known as "Renaissance". The declining of Emmanuel Macron's popularity was the fundamental reason as to why this coalition happened in the first place. Renaissance offered programs that focus on environment, national defense, and economic growth of the EU. However despite all of that, the Renaissance suffered defeat in the 2019 European Parliament Election. The cause of their loss was influenced by the incompatibility of their programs with the actual economic and social conditions of France. This research uses historical methods with a politicological approach

Abstrak :
This book explores how Rene of Anjou, French prince and exiled king of Naples (1409-80) engaged his Italian network in a programme of cultural politics conducted with an eye towards a return to power in Italy. Built on a series of original interpretations of humanistic and artistic material (chiefly neo-Latin literature and illuminated manuscripts of classical texts), the book is also a case study for a diplomatic approach to culture. It recasts this source base as a form of high-level communication for a hyper-literate elite of those who could read the works created by humanist and artistic agents for their constituent parts: the potent words or phrases and relevant classical allusions; the channels through which a given work was commissioned or transmitted; and then the nature of the network gathered around a political agenda. Works produced by Janus Pannonius, Giovanni Bellini, and others were crucial to the development and aggrandizement of the network, which was the foundation of a power bloc intended to return René to power in Naples. After Renés ultimate military failure in the 1458-64 Neapolitan war of succession, his network evolved into a faction opposed to the Italian League and the state system it sustained. This book poses a challenge to conventional interpretations of the politics of humanism, and offers a new vision of the Quattrocento: a century in which the Italian Renaissance began its takeover of Europe, but in which Renaissance culture was itself shaped by its European political, social, and diplomatic context.