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Abstrak :
Tujuan: Mendapatkan prevalensi kebutaan anak dan pola penyebabnya pada Panti Sosial Bina Netra (PSBN) di Pulau Jawa, identifikasi penyebab kebutaan yang dapat dicegah dan diterapi, serta menilai faktor-faktor risiko yang memepengaruhi pola penyebab kebutaannya. Metode: Sebanyak 479 siswa dari 5 PSBN di Pulau Jawa diperiksa secara klinis dalam periode Desember 2005 - Januari 2006 dengan menggunakan format baku WI-10 untuk mengetahui penyebab kebutaannya. Data yang dianalisa adalah anak yang mempunyai usia di bawah 16 tahun atau onset kebutaannya terjadi di bawah usia 16 tahun (tajam penglihatan < 3160). Hubungan antara penyebab kebutaan yang dapat ditanggulangi dengan faktor sosiodernografi dan karakteristik medik dianalisa. Hasil: Siswa yang tergolong kategori buta sebesar 95%; gangguan tajam penglihatan berat 4,6% dan gangguan tajam penglihatan ringan 0,4%. Kelainan anatomi yang terbanyak adalah kelainan bola mata (ptisis bulbi) 37,1%, diikuti retina (distrofi retina) 15,4%, lensa (katarak) 15,4% dan kelainan kornea (sikatrik kornea) 11,6%. Kelainan etiologi yang utama adalah kelainan yang etiologinya tidak diketahui 32,5%, diikuti kelainan genetik 30,8% (terutama distrofi retina) dan kelainan infeksi masa anak (terutama campak dan defisiensi vitamin A) 29,5%. Faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi pola penyebab kebutaan anak adalah riwayat perkawinan sedarah orang tua, riwayat keluarga dengan kelainan yang sama dengan subyek dan onset kebutaan Kesimpulan: Pola penyebab kebutaan anak merupakan campuran kelainan herediter/ genetik dan infeksi pada masa kanak-kanak. Penyakit campak dan defisiensi vitamin A merupakan penyebab terbanyak kebutaan anak yang sebenarnya dapat dieegah, sedangkan katarak dan glaucoma/buftalmos merupakan kelainan yang sebenarnya dapat diterapi pada 5 buah PSBN di Pulau Jawa (Indonesia). Peningkatan strategi pencegahan primer perlu dilakukan dengan meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi dan pemberian kapsul vitamin A. Pusat rujukan tarsier untuk oftalmologi pediatri perlu ditingkatkan untuk menangani kasus yang sebenarnya dapat diterapi dini seperti katarak dan glaukonia.

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Aim: to obtain the prevalence and pattern causes of childhood blindness in schools for the blind in Java Island (Indonesia) with a view to determining potentially preventable and treatable causes. To evaluate risk factors that influences the pattern of causes of blindness. Methods: Four hundred and seventy nine students in five schools for blind in Java island, Indonesia, were examined clinically during December 2005 until January 2006 using the standard WHO/PBL eye examination record for blindness and low vision form. Data were analyzed for those children with blindness visual acuity less than 3/60, aged less than 16 years or the onset of the visual loss younger than 16 years. Relations between avoidable causes of blindness and social demography or medical characteristics factors were analyzed. Results: Most of the students (95%) were blind (BL); 4.6% were severe visual impairment (SVI) and 0.4% visual impairment (VI). The major anatomical site of blindness was whole globe (phthisis bulbi) in 37.1%, retina (retinal dystrophies) in 15.4%, Iens (cataract) in 15.4% and cornea (corneal scar) in 11.6%. The underlying causes of blindness were undetermined/ unknown in 32.5%, genetic diseases in 30.8% (mainly retinal dystrophies) and postnatal infection in 29.5% (mainly measles or vitamin A deficiency). The risk factors that influence the pattern of cause childhood blindness were consanguinity, presence of family history and onset of blindness since birth. Conclusions: The major causes of blindness were a mixed pattern of hereditary/ genetic diseases and postnatal infection. Measles and vitamin A deficiency were the major causes of preventable blindness, while cataract and glaucoma/ buphthalmos were the major causes of treatable blindness. There is a need to strengthen current primary preventions strategies with improved the efficacy of immunization and vitamin A supplementation coverage. Tertiary referral centre for pediatric ophthalmology should be set up to manage treatable causes, such as cataract and glaucoma.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan, Glaukoma merupakan penyebab kebutaan nomor dua di Indonesia, kebutaannya bersifat permanen dan seringkali gejala glaukoma tidak disadari oleh penderita. Proporsi pasien baru glaukoma yang datang ke RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dalam kondisi telah buta cukup tinggi sehingga perlu diteliti faktor yang berhubungan dengan kondisi tersebut. Metode Penelitian, cross sectional, dengan populasi seluruh pasien glaukoma primer di poliklinik penyakit mata RSCM yang datang pada Januari 2007 - Oktober 2009 dan dilakukan analisis dengan Cox?s Proportional Hazard Model untuk mendapatkan nilai Prevalence Ratio(PR) dan mendapatkan model persamaan akhir. Hasil Penelitian, Didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara antara kebutaan pada pasien baru glaukoma primer di RSCM dengan tekanan intraokular (PR 1,01 95% CI 1,01-1,02), jenis glaukoma, pengobatan sebelumnya dan interaksi antara jenis glaukoma dan pengobatan sebelumnya (PR 2,09 95% CI 1,36-3,22 untuk sudut terbukayang pernah mendapat pengobatan sebelumnya; PR 1,72 95% CI 1,20-2,46 untuk sudut tertutup yang belum mendapat pengobatan; PR 1,79 untuk sudut tertutup yang pernah mendapat pengobatan; dibandingkan sudut terbuka yang belum mendapat pengobatan) serta pendidikan (PR 1,49 95% CI 1,06-2,08 untuk pendidikan rendah dan 1,37 95% CI 0,97-1,92 dibandingkan dengan pendidikan tinggi). Kesimpulan, Variabel yang bermakna secara statistik atau substansi dan dimasukkan dalam model akhir adalah umur, jenis kelamin, tekanan intraokular, jenis glaukoma, adanya pengobatan sebelumnya, interaksi antara jenis glaukoma dan pengobatan sebelumnya, dan tingkat pendidikan. Umur dan jenis kelamin secara statistik tidak bermakna namun dimasukkan dalam model karena secara substansi bermakna.

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Introduction, Glaucoma is the second largest cause of blindness in Indonesia. Blindness caused by glaucoma is irreversible and most of the patients are unaware of the symptoms. The proportion of blindness in new glaucoma patients at RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) in that period was high, so that, the factors related to the blindness need to be explored. Methods, cross sectional study, the population were all of new primary glaucoma patients at RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo's Eye Clinic from January 2007 to October 2009, and used Cox's Proportional Hazard Model Analysis to calculate Prevalence Ratio (PR) and find final equation model. Results, variables those statistically significant associated with blindness in new patient with primary glaucoma at RSCM were intraocular pressure (PR 1,01 95% CI 1,01-1,02), glaucoma type, treated patients, interaction between glaucoma type and treated patients (PR 2,09 95% CI 1,36-3,22 for POAG-treated patients; PR 1,72 95% CI 1,20-2,46 for PACG-untreated patients; PR 1,79 for PACG-treated patiens; compared with POAG-untreated patients), and education level (PR 1,49 95% CI 1,06-2,08 for low level education and 1,37 95% CI 0,97-1,92 for no answer compared with high level education). Conclusions, variables those statistically or substantively significant and included in final model were age, sex, intraocular pressure, glaucoma type, treated patients, interaction between glaucoma type and treated, and education level. Age and sex were not statistical significant and were included in the model because of substantive significance.

Abstrak :
Metode daltonization merupakan salah satu metode image enhancement yang dapat membantu persepsi citra bagi orang-orang yang memiliki buta warna merah. Proses daltonization adalah sebuah proses untuk mengubah warna pada citra menjadi warna yang dapat dibedakan oleh orang-orang yang memiliki buta warna. Pada penelitian ini algoritma daltonization diaplikasikan terhadap berbagai kategori citra berwarna, yaitu Ishihara Test, objek sehari-hari, dan permainan komputer. Pada penelitian ini, kami mengimplementasikan optimisasi pada algoritma daltonization dan membandingkan hasilnya dengan algoritma sebelum dioptimisasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan berdasarkan dari nilai ∆E color difference algoritma hasil modifikasi berhasil dalam membuat perbedaan warna pada citra bagi orang-orang yang memiliki buta warna merah dibandingkan algoritma awal. Selain itu, berdasarkan nilai Mean Opinion Score (MOS) dengan skala Absolute Category Rating (ACR) performa dari algoritma-algoritma ini terbagi dua. Algoritma daltonization hasil modifikasi meraih nilai lebih tinggi untuk responden yang memiliki buta warna merah total atau Protanopia. Untuk responden yang memiliki buta warna merah parsial atau Protanomali, algoritma daltonization yang telah dioptimisasi masih menemui kendala dalam meningkatkan kualitas citra objek sehari-hari dan permainan komputer, namun sudah berhasil membantu mereka dalam membedakan citra Ishihara Test. ......Daltonization is one methods that is helpful in aiding color image perception for people with red color vision deficiency (CVD). Daltonization is a process to change colors in an image to colors that can be differentiated by people with CVD. In this study, a previously proposed daltonization algorithm was applied to various types of images, i.e., Ishihara Test, daily life objects, and game screenshots. The daltonization algorithm was then optimized and its results were compared to the daltonization algorithm before being optimized. The results showed that based on ∆E color difference, the optimized daltonization algorithm was successful in increasing the color differences to a notable difference for people with red CVD compared to its initial version. Furthermore, the results by Mean Opinion Score (MOS) and Absolute Category Rating (ACR) scale showed that the optimized daltonization algorithm obtained a higher score, meaning it was preferred by respondents with full red CVD or Protanopia. For respondents with partial red CVD or Protanomaly, the optimized algorithm met difficulties in enhancing the daily life objects and game screenshots images, but was effective in helping them to differentiate colors in Ishihara Test images.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai hubungan antara psychological well being pada orang tua dan keterampilan sosial anak tunanetra usia 6-12 tahun. Pengukuran psychological well being menggunakan alat ukur Psychological Well Being Scales (Ryff, 1995) dan pengukuran keterampilan sosial menggunakan alat ukur Social Skills Rating Systems- Parents Form (Gresham dan Elliott, 1990). Partisipan berjumlah 31 orang yang merupakan orang tua anak tunanetra usia 6-12 tahun di SLBA Pembinaan, Lebak Bulus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang tidak signifikan antara psychological well being orang tua dengan keterampilan sosial anak tunanetra (R = 0.444; p = 0.326, tidak signifikan pada L.o.S 0.05). Artinya, psychological well being orang tua tidak mempengaruhi keterampilan sosial anak tunanetra. Selain itu, dimensi psychological well being yang memberikan sumbangan paling besar yaitu positive relation with others. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, anak tunanetra perlu dilibatkan dalam kegiatan sosial yang dilakukan orang tua

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Abstract
This research was conducted to find the correlation between parents psychological well being and social skills among children who is blind. Psychological well being was measured using a psychological well being scales (Ryff, 1995) and social skills was measured by social skills rating systems- parents form (Gresham & Elliott, 1990). The participants of this research are 31 persons who have a blind child age 6-12 years at SLBA Pembinaan, Lebak Bulus. The main results of this research show that psychological well being positively correlated with social skills of children but, their correlation is not significant (R= 0.444; p: 0.32, not significat at L.o.S 0.05). That is, psychological well being of parents is not affect social skill of their children who is blind. Furthermore, the biggest contribution dimension of psychological well being is positive relation with others. Based on this results, children who is blind need to be involve with parents social activity, as one way to encourage children?s social skills who is blind.

Abstrak :
Buta warna adalah kelainan pada retina mata yang menyebabkan penyandangnya tidak bisa mengenali atau membedakan warna tertentu. Ketidakmampuan mengenali warna ini berpotensi menyebabkan berbagai kesulitan bagi para penderitanya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kelainan buta warna tidak bisa disembuhkan. Oleh karena itu, satu-satunya cara untuk membantu penyandang buta warna membedakan warna adalah dengan menggunakan alat bantu. Dalam skripsi ini, dikembangkan aplikasi bantuan penderita buta warna untuk platform sistem tertanam berbasis Windows Embedded Standard 2009, .NET Framework, OpenCV library serta EmguCV Wrapper. Sistem ini terdiri dari beberapa fitur pengenal warna yang diterapkan dengan konsep realitas tertambah. Implementasi sistem yang dibahas pada skripsi ini meliputi sistem bantu yang dikembangkan dengan konsep realitas tertambah suara, dengan tujuan membantu penyandang buta warna mengenali warna dengan media suara melalui interaksi jari pengguna pada objek warna. Sistem ini mendapatkan hasil yang cukup memuaskan berdasarkan pengujian dan tanggapan dari para responden. Hasil pengujian interaksi jari menunjukkan tingkat deteksi jari mencapai 89.6% untuk metode klasifikasi kulit dengan format warna HSV. Sedangkan, tingkat deteksi jari menggunakan metode klasfikasi kulit dengan format YCbCr mencapai 87.5%. Selain itu, tingkat pengenalan warna yang didapat mencapai tingkat yang baik untuk mayoritas warna-warna tertentu yang diuji.

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Color blindness is an anomaly which happened in retinal of eye(s) which prevent the patient to recognize or differentiate certain colors. The disability of the patient to recognize color is potential to cause problems to the patient in daily life. Color blind cannot be cured. Therefore, the only one method to help color blind people to recognize or differentiate color is with a vision aid kit. In this final project, color blind aid system for embedded platform based on Windows Embedded Standard 2009, .NET Framework, OpenCV library and EmguCV Wrapper developed. There will be kind of color recognition features implemented with augmented reality concept in the system. Specifically, this paper explains the implementation of aid system, which is developed with sound augmented reality concept and finger interaction between user and colored object. This system receives good enough result according to system testing which has been done and responses from respondents. The result of finger interaction test shows that the fingertip detection rate reaches 89.6% for skin classification method with HSV color space. Meanwhile, fingertip detection rate reaches 87.5% for skin classification method with YCbCr color space. Furthermore, color recognition rate achieved good result for majority of certain tested color types.

Abstrak :
Aim: To obtain the prevalence and pattern causes of childhood blindness in schools for the blind in Java island (Indonesia) with a view to determining potentially preventable and treatable causes. To evaluate risk factors that influence the pattern of causes of blindness. Methods: Four hundred and seventy nine students in five school for blind in Java island, Indonesia, were examined clinically during December 2005 until January 2006 using the standard WHO/PBL eye examination record for blindness and low vision form. Data were analyzed for those children with blindness visual acuity less than 3/60, aged less than 16 years or the onset of the visual loss younger than 16 years. Relation between avoidable causes of blindness and social demography or medical characteristics factors were analyzed. Results: Most of the students (95%) were blind (BL); 4.6% were severe visual impairment (SVI) and 0.4% visual impairment (VI). The major anatomical site of blindness were whole globe (pthisis bulbi) in 37.1%, retina (retinal dystrophies) in 15.4%, Iens (cataract) in 15.4% and cornea (corneal scar) in 11.6%. The underlying causes of blindness were undetermined/ unknown in 32.5%, genetic diseases in 30.8% (mainly retinal dystrophies) and postnatal infection in 29.5% (mainly measles or vitamin A deficiency). The risk factors that influence the pattern of cause childhood blindness were consanguinity, presence of family history and onset of blindness since birth. Conclusions: The major causes of blindness were a mixed pattern of hereditary/ genetic diseases and postnatal infection. Measles and vitamin A deficiency were the major causes of preventable blindness, while cataract and glaucoma/ buphthalmos were the major causes of treatable blindness. There is a need to strengthen current primary preventions strategies with improved the efficacy of immunization and vitamin A supplementation coverage. Tertiary referral centres for paediatric ophthalmology should be set up to manage treatable causes, such as cataract and glaucoma.

Abstrak :
[Latar Belakang Gangguan penglihatan adalah gejala kedua yang sering muncul pada tumor otak setelah nyeri kepala. Gejala gangguan penglihatan yang paling sering terjadi pada tumor otak adalah penurunan visus atau tajam penglihatan (low vision sampai kebutaan), sedang tanda yang paling sering dijumpai adalah atrofi n. optikus dan papilledema. Penurunan tajam penglihatan yang dialami penderita tumor otak dapat sangat berat hingga berupa kebutaan. Sampai saat ini belum terdapat data angka kejadian gangguan penglihatan sampai kebutaan pada tumor otak di Indonesia. Metode Sebagai studi potong lintang analitik, dikumpulkanlah data pasien penderita tumor otak di atas usia 6 tahun yang datang berobat ke poliklinik Bedah Saraf FKUIRSCM pasien September 2013 hingga Februari 2014 dari catatan rekam medis. Hasil Jumlah pasien tumor otak yang mengalami buta sebanyak 37 orang (34,6 %) dengan usia rata-rata 45,3 (SD 11,3 tahun). Sebesar 86,5 % penderita berada pada usia produktif 15-54 tahun. Dari 37 pasien tumor otak yang buta terlihat proporsi gejala penyerta terbesar adalah sefalgia (terutama sefalgia kronis), diikuti oleh gangguan oftalmologi lain. Data pemeriksaan funduskopi hanya ditemukan pada kurang dari 50 % penderita, dengan temuan yang terbanyak adalah papil atrofi. Kesimpulan Besar angka kebutaan pada pasien tumor otak menunjukkan bahwa kondisi ini tidak hanya menjadi masalah medis saja tetapi juga masalah sosial yang serius. Banyaknya jumlah pasien tanpa data funduskopi menandakan masih lemahnya standar pemeriksaan neurooftalmologi ataupun pencatatan yang ada saat ini, padahal pemeriksaan funduskopi berperan sangat penting mendeteksi dini kejadian tumor otak pada pasien dengan gangguan penglihatan. ......Background Vision impairment is the second most common symptom in brain tumor after headache, with decreased visual acuity or low vision as its most common manifestation, and optic nerve atrophy and papilledema as its most common sign. Blindness may be the final outcome of this impairment. Until now, there is no data regarding the prevalence of vision impairment in brain tumor patient in Indonesia. Method As a analytic cross-sectional study, data is collected from the medical record regarding brain tumor patient above the age of 6 years old who were seen in the neurosurgery facility in FKUI-RSCM from September 2013 to February 2014. Result As much as 37 patient (34,6%) brain tumor patient were found to be blind; mean age was 45,3 years old (SD 11,3 years old), with 86,5% patient was in the productive age 15-54 years old. The commonest related symptoms was headache (especially chronic headache), followed by other ophthalmologic symptoms. Funduscopy data was found only in less than 50% patient; the commonest finding was optic nerve atrophy. Conclusion Blindness rate in brain tumor patient is not just a medical issue, but also a social one. Funduscopy usage must be encouraged more to provide early detection for brain tumor patient with vision impairment.;Background Vision impairment is the second most common symptom in brain tumor after headache, with decreased visual acuity or low vision as its most common manifestation, and optic nerve atrophy and papilledema as its most common sign. Blindness may be the final outcome of this impairment. Until now, there is no data regarding the prevalence of vision impairment in brain tumor patient in Indonesia. Method As a analytic cross-sectional study, data is collected from the medical record regarding brain tumor patient above the age of 6 years old who were seen in the neurosurgery facility in FKUI-RSCM from September 2013 to February 2014. Result As much as 37 patient (34,6%) brain tumor patient were found to be blind; mean age was 45,3 years old (SD 11,3 years old), with 86,5% patient was in the productive age 15-54 years old. The commonest related symptoms was headache (especially chronic headache), followed by other ophthalmologic symptoms. Funduscopy data was found only in less than 50% patient; the commonest finding was optic nerve atrophy. Conclusion Blindness rate in brain tumor patient is not just a medical issue, but also a social one. Funduscopy usage must be encouraged more to provide early detection for brain tumor patient with vision impairment., Background Vision impairment is the second most common symptom in brain tumor after headache, with decreased visual acuity or low vision as its most common manifestation, and optic nerve atrophy and papilledema as its most common sign. Blindness may be the final outcome of this impairment. Until now, there is no data regarding the prevalence of vision impairment in brain tumor patient in Indonesia. Method As a analytic cross-sectional study, data is collected from the medical record regarding brain tumor patient above the age of 6 years old who were seen in the neurosurgery facility in FKUI-RSCM from September 2013 to February 2014. Result As much as 37 patient (34,6%) brain tumor patient were found to be blind; mean age was 45,3 years old (SD 11,3 years old), with 86,5% patient was in the productive age 15-54 years old. The commonest related symptoms was headache (especially chronic headache), followed by other ophthalmologic symptoms. Funduscopy data was found only in less than 50% patient; the commonest finding was optic nerve atrophy. Conclusion Blindness rate in brain tumor patient is not just a medical issue, but also a social one. Funduscopy usage must be encouraged more to provide early detection for brain tumor patient with vision impairment.]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Salah satu gangguan yang terjadi pada mata adalah buta warna. Buta warna adalah suatu keadaan dimana seseorang tidak dapat membedakan warna tertentu yang bisa dibedakan oleh orang dengan mata normal. Seseorang yang menderita buta warna dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan sejak lahir atau akibat penggunaan obat-obatan yang berlebihan. Buta warna umumnya diderita oleh laki-laki, sedangkan wanita hanyalah sebagai gen pembawa/resesif.Penelitian ini bertujuan memudahkan user, dokter maupun pelayanan kesehatan dalam melakukan tes buta warna secara massal, dengan membuat suatu program berbasis visual basic 6.0 . Metode: membandingkan hasil tes buta warna yang dilakukan secara konvensional menggunakan Instrumen pengujian tes buta warna otomatis menggunakan software berbasis visual basic dengan perangkat bantuan berupa notebook dan tablet. Kesimpulan: 1) sistem otomatisasi tes buta warna dapat berfungsi dengan baik dalam melakukan tes buta warna secara otomatis, 2) sistem otomatisasi tes buta warna ini user friendly dan mudah digunakan.

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ABSTRACT
One of the disruption of the eye is color blind. Color blindness is a condition in which a person can not distinguish certain colors that can be distinguished by a person with normal eyes. A person suffering from color blindness can be caused by abnormalities since birth or due to the use of excessive drugs. Color blindness is generally suffered by men, while women are just as gene carrier / recessive.This study aims to facilitate users, physicians and health care in performing the color blind test mass, to create a program based on visual basic 6.0. Methods: compare the color blind test results conducted using conventional Ishihara test book with color blindness test automation system using visual basic-based software with the help of notebook and tablet form. Conclusions: 1) the color blind test automation systems can function well in a color blind test automatically, 2) the color blind test automation system is user friendly and easy to use.;One of the disruption of the eye is color blind. Color blindness is a condition in which a person can not distinguish certain colors that can be distinguished by a person with normal eyes. A person suffering from color blindness can be caused by abnormalities since birth or due to the use of excessive drugs. Color blindness is generally suffered by men, while women are just as gene carrier / recessive.This study aims to facilitate users, physicians and health care in performing the color blind test mass, to create a program based on visual basic 6.0. Methods: compare the color blind test results conducted using conventional Ishihara test book with color blindness test automation system using visual basic-based software with the help of notebook and tablet form. Conclusions: 1) the color blind test automation systems can function well in a color blind test automatically, 2) the color blind test automation system is user friendly and easy to use.;One of the disruption of the eye is color blind. Color blindness is a condition in which a person can not distinguish certain colors that can be distinguished by a person with normal eyes. A person suffering from color blindness can be caused by abnormalities since birth or due to the use of excessive drugs. Color blindness is generally suffered by men, while women are just as gene carrier / recessive.This study aims to facilitate users, physicians and health care in performing the color blind test mass, to create a program based on visual basic 6.0. Methods: compare the color blind test results conducted using conventional Ishihara test book with color blindness test automation system using visual basic-based software with the help of notebook and tablet form. Conclusions: 1) the color blind test automation systems can function well in a color blind test automatically, 2) the color blind test automation system is user friendly and easy to use., One of the disruption of the eye is color blind. Color blindness is a condition in which a person can not distinguish certain colors that can be distinguished by a person with normal eyes. A person suffering from color blindness can be caused by abnormalities since birth or due to the use of excessive drugs. Color blindness is generally suffered by men, while women are just as gene carrier / recessive.This study aims to facilitate users, physicians and health care in performing the color blind test mass, to create a program based on visual basic 6.0. Methods: compare the color blind test results conducted using conventional Ishihara test book with color blindness test automation system using visual basic-based software with the help of notebook and tablet form. Conclusions: 1) the color blind test automation systems can function well in a color blind test automatically, 2) the color blind test automation system is user friendly and easy to use.]

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Lesi serebral intrakranial, khususnya tumor, awalnya dapat muncul sebagai gejala oftalmik akibat adanya massa dan/atau peningkatan tekanan intrakranial yang mengganggu jalur penglihatan, jaringan mata, dan saraf. Diagnosis dini tumor otak penting untuk mencegah gangguan penglihatan dan/atau kebutaan yang tidak dapat disembuhkan. Namun, rendahnya kesadaran pasien tentang pentingnya manajemen bedah saraf yang tepat waktu sering mengakibatkan keterlambatan diagnosis dan pengobatan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional analitik untuk mengetahui kebutaan akibat tumor otak. Data dari 54 pasien pada tahun 2020, dikelompokkan berdasarkan karakteristik demografi, dianalisis untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara durasi dari timbulnya gejala hingga kunjungan medis pertama dan terjadinya kebutaan pada pasien tumor otak. Hasil: 35 (64,81%) pasien tumor otak ditemukan mengalami kebutaan. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan adanya hubungan antara kebutaan pada pasien tumor otak dan durasi dari timbulnya gejala hingga kunjungan medis pertama dan konsultasi bedah saraf. Pasien yang mengalami keterlambatan dalam berkonsultasi dengan dokter layanan primer dan/atau bedah saraf sejak gejala awal menunjukkan insiden kebutaan yang lebih tinggi, hal ini menunjukkan pentingnya mencari pertolongan medis segera. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya intervensi medis yang tepat waktu dan konsultasi bedah saraf khusus untuk mengurangi kejadian kebutaan di antara pasien tumor otak. Hal ini menekankan perlunya peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat, sistem rujukan yang efisien, dan pertolongan medis yang cepat untuk meringankan beban kebutaan pada populasi pasien tumor otak. ......Introduction: Intracranial cerebral lesions, particularly tumours, can initially present as ophthalmic symptoms due to masses and/or elevated intracranial pressure disturbing the visual pathway, ocular tissues, and nerves. Early diagnosis of brain tumours is crucial to prevent irreversible visual impairment and/or blindness. However, low patient awareness about the importance of timely neurosurgical management often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This study utilized an analytic cross-sectional design to investigate blindness related to brain tumours. Data from 54 patients in 2020, stratified by demographic characteristics, were analyzed to explore the association between the duration from symptom onset to the first medical visit and the occurrence of blindness in brain tumor patients. Results: 35 (64.81%) brain tumour patients were found to be blind. The study findings revealed an association between blindness in brain tumour patients and the duration from symptom onset to both the first medical visit and neurosurgery consultation. Patients experiencing delays in consulting a primary care physician and/or a neurosurgeon from the initial onset of symptoms exhibited a higher incidence of blindness, highlighting the importance of seeking prompt medical attention. Conclusion: This study underscored the critical need for timely medical intervention and specialized neurosurgical consultation to mitigate the incidence of blindness among brain tumour patients. It emphasized the necessity for increased public awareness, efficient referral systems, and prompt medical attention to alleviate the burden of blindness in patients with brain tumour.