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"[Latar belakangMelasma adalah kelainan kulit hiperpigmentasi simetris, didapat, umumnya ditandai oleh makula coklat hingga coklat gelap pada daerah kulit yang terpajan sinar matahari. Patogenesis melasma masih belum diketahui dengan jelas. Berdasarkan perkembangan terkini, interaksi antara vaskularisasi kulit dan melanosit diduga memiliki peranan pada lesi melasma.TujuanUntuk megetahui proporsi telangiektasis pada pasien melasma dan menilai korelasi skor telangiektasis dengan derajat keparahan pigmentasi lesi melasma.MetodeSejumlah 48 wanita dengan melasma diikutsertakan apada penelitian observasional potong lintang ini. Mereka dipilih berdasarkan metode consecutive sampling. Wajah dari masing-masing subyek penelitian (SP) diperiksa dan kemudian dibagi dalam 4 area: dahi, malar kiri, malar kanan, dan dagu. Keparahan pigmentasi lesi melasma dievaluasi menggunakan skor pigmentasi berdasarkan Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI). Skor telagiektasis dinilai menggunakan 5-point dermoscopic scale yang telah tervalidasi, dengan bantuan alat dermoskopi. Analisis statistik dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan antara skor telangiektasis dengan derajat keparahan pigmentasi lesi melasma.HasilDengan bantuan dermoskopi, ditemukan telangiektasis pada 35,4% (n=17/48) SP. Dari total 192 area wajah yang diperiksa, 124(64,5%) di antaranya memilik lesi pigmentasi. . Derajat pigmentasi 1 sejumlah 64,8%, derajat 2 sebanyak 26,4%, dan derajat 3 sejumlah 8,8%. Dari 124 lesi pigmentasi didapatkan 29(23,3%) lesi dengan telangiektasis. Skor telangiektasis 1 pada 7,2% lesi, skor 2 pada 13,6% lesi, dan skor 3 pada 2,4% lesi pigmentasi. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, terdapat korelasi positif bermakna antara derajat pigmentasi dengan skor telangiektasis melasma (r = 0.474, p < 0.0001).;BackgroundMelasma is a common acquired symmetrical hypermelanosis characterized by irregular light to dark brown macules and patches on sun-exposed areas of the skin. The pathogenesis of melasma is still poorly understood. Recently, interaction between skin vascularity and melanocytes has been proposed to have influence in melasma pigmentation.PurposeTo investigate the proportion of telangiectases in melasma and its correlation with pigmentation severity of melasma.MethodsA total of 48 woman with melasma were included in this cross-sectional observational study. They were selected based of consecutive sampling method. The face of each subject were examined and divided into 4 regions: forehead, left malar, right malar, and chin area. Pigmentation severity of facial melasma skin was evaluated using the pigmentation score of Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI). Telangictases score was assessed using a validated 5-point dermoscopic scale with the aid of a hand-held noncontact polarized dermoscope. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the association between pigmentation severity and telangiectases score.ResultsUsing dermoscope, we found telangiectases with various severity in 35.4%(n=17/48) of the subjects. Of the total 192 facial areas examined, 124(64,5%) of which, have melasma pigmentation. The percentage of pigmentation degree is 64,8% for grade 1, 26,4% for grade 2, dan 8,8% for grade 3. Of these area with pigmentation, 29(23,3%) had telangiectases. Telangiectases score of 1, 2, and 3 present in 7,2%, 13,6%, dan 2,4% of pigmentation lesion, respectively. There was significant relationship between telangiectases and pigmentation in melasma, as increased pigmentation was correlated modestly with telangiectases score (r = 0.474, p < 0.0001)., BackgroundMelasma is a common acquired symmetrical hypermelanosis characterized by irregular light to dark brown macules and patches on sun-exposed areas of the skin. The pathogenesis of melasma is still poorly understood. Recently, interaction between skin vascularity and melanocytes has been proposed to have influence in melasma pigmentation.PurposeTo investigate the proportion of telangiectases in melasma and its correlation with pigmentation severity of melasma.MethodsA total of 48 woman with melasma were included in this cross-sectional observational study. They were selected based of consecutive sampling method. The face of each subject were examined and divided into 4 regions: forehead, left malar, right malar, and chin area. Pigmentation severity of facial melasma skin was evaluated using the pigmentation score of Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI). Telangictases score was assessed using a validated 5-point dermoscopic scale with the aid of a hand-held noncontact polarized dermoscope. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the association between pigmentation severity and telangiectases score.ResultsUsing dermoscope, we found telangiectases with various severity in 35.4%(n=17/48) of the subjects. Of the total 192 facial areas examined, 124(64,5%) of which, have melasma pigmentation. The percentage of pigmentation degree is 64,8% for grade 1, 26,4% for grade 2, dan 8,8% for grade 3. Of these area with pigmentation, 29(23,3%) had telangiectases. Telangiectases score of 1, 2, and 3 present in 7,2%, 13,6%, dan 2,4% of pigmentation lesion, respectively. There was significant relationship between telangiectases and pigmentation in melasma, as increased pigmentation was correlated modestly with telangiectases score (r = 0.474, p < 0.0001).]"

"Latar belakang. Kulit kering merupakan keluhan yang sering dihadapi pasien kusta, akibat kerusakan saraf otonom atau terapi yang didapat.Tujuan. Membandingkan efikasi vaselin album dengan urea 10% sebagai terapi kulit kering pasien kusta.Metode. Uji klinis acak tersamar ganda. Subjek penelitian dibagi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok urea 10% dan kelompok vaselin album. Evaluasi dilakukan dalam 2 dan 4 minggu terapi dengan mengukur transepidermal waterloss (TEWL) dan skor kulit kering (SRRC) pada tungkai bawah.Hasil. Sebanyak 48 subjek penelitian (SP) mengikuti penelitian, 24 SP mendapat vaselin album dan 24 SP mendapat krim urea 10%. Nilai TEWL pada kedua kelompok menurun secara bermakna sebelum dan sesudah terapi. Penurunan tidak berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok, (6,53 kelompok vaselin album versus 6,45 kelompok urea 10%). Skor SRRC menurun secara bermakna pada kedua kelompok sebelum dan sesudah terapi 2 dan 4 minggu. Penurunan skor SRRC tidak berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok, (2,5 dan 3,5 pada kelompok vaselin album versus 3 dan 3 pada kelompok urea).Kesimpulan. Kedua pelembab mampu menurunkan TEWL dan SRRC pasien kusta secara bermakna. Tetapi perubahan nilai tersebut tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok pengguna salap vaselin album ataupun krim urea 10%.

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Background. Dry skin is a common problem in leprosy patient, due to destruction of autonom nerve or side effect of therapy.

Aim. Compare the efficacy of urea 10% cream versus petrolatum ointment on leprosy patient with dry skin.

Method. Double blinded randomnized controlled study participant were divided into two group, either received petrolatum ointment or urea 10% cream. Evaluation was done after 2 and 4 weeks treatment by measuring transepidermal waterloss (TEWL) and dry skin score (SRRC).

Result. 48 participant enrolled in the study, 24 received urea 10% cream while 24 received petrolatum.TEWL value in both groups were reduced significantly before and after medication. The difference was not significant in both groups (6.53 in vaselin group and 6.45 in urea group). SRRC score in both groups were reduced significantly before and after 2 and 4 weeks medication. The difference was also not significant in both groups (2,5 and 3,5 in vaselin group versus 3 and 3 in urea group).

Conclusion. Both moisturizers significantly reduce TEWL and dry skin score. There was no significantly difference in reduction between vaselin album ointment and urea 10% cream."

"[Latar belakang Kondiloma akuminatum adalah infeksi menular seksual yang disebabkan oleh human papillomavirus tipe tertentu dengan kelainan berupa fibroepitelioma pada kulit dan mukosa. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi kondiloma akuminatum pada pasien HIV lebih tinggi daripada pasien non HIV. Hubungan antara hitung sel CD4+ dengan penemuan lesi kondiloma sudah banyak dilaporkan, namun tidak demikian halnya hubungan antara hitung sel CD4+ dengan ukuran lesi kondiloma. Data mengenai ukuran lesi kondiloma pada pasien HIV diharapkan dapat bermanfaat sebagai prediktor terhadap penurunan hitung sel CD4+ khususnya bagi pasien yang dicurigai namun enggan melakukan pemeriksaan status HIV. Tujuan Untuk mengetahui korelasi antara ukuran terbesar lesi kondiloma akuminatum anogenital dengan hitung sel CD4+ pada pasien HIV. Desain Penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang pada pasien HIV dengan kondiloma akuminatum anogenital yang berkunjung ke Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin divisi IMS RSCM, UPT HIV RSCM, dan Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Rebo, Jakarta selama periode Juni-November 2014. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling. Hasil Terdapat 34 subyek penelitian (SP), terdiri atas 28 SP laki-laki (82,35%) dan dan 6 SP perempuan (17,65%), berusia 20-62 tahun, nilai rerata hitung sel CD4+ pada SP adalah 262±118 (4–467) sel/mm3. Dilakukan pengukuran lesi kondiloma secara klinis dengan menggunakan kaliper dan didapatkan nilai tengah ukuran terbesar lesi kondiloma adalah 392 (4-16.695.396) mm3. Dari analisis statistik didapatkan korelasi negatif lemah antara ukuran terbesar lesi kondiloma akuminatum anogenital dengan hitung sel CD4+ pada pasien HIV, namun tidak bermakna secara statistik (r = - 0.09, p>0.05).Kesimpulan Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik antara ukuran terbesar lesi kondiloma akuminatum anogenital dengan hitung sel CD4+ pada pasien HIV. Temuan ini dapat digunakan sebagai data dasar, dapat pula disimpulkan bahwa ukuran terbesar lesi kondiloma akuminatum anogenital tidak dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor terhadap penurunan hitung sel CD4+ pada pasien HIV., Background Condyloma acuminatum refers to a sexually transmitted infection due to certain types of human papillomavirus, manifested as fibroepithelioma on the skin and mucus membranes. Several studies have reported prevalence of condyloma acuminatum among HIV-infected patients is higher than HIVuninfected patients. The association between CD4+ cell count and detection of condyloma lesions have been reported frequently, but there was only one report about the association between CD4+ cell count and the size of condyloma lesions. Data about the size of condyloma lesions among HIV-infected patients hopefully can be used as a predictor of decrease in CD4+ cell count particularly in suspected patients who reluctant to examine their HIV serologic status. Objective To determine the correlation between the largest size of anogenital condyloma acuminatum and CD4+ counts in HIV-infected patients.Method Analytic descriptive study with cross sectional method amongHIV-infected patients suffered from anogenital condyloma acuminatum who visited Sexually Transmitted Infections Division of Dermatovenereology Clinic RSCM, HIV Integrated Service Unit RSCM, and District Primary Health Care Pasar Rebo, Jakarta during period of June-November 2014. Sampling method was implemented as consecutive sampling. Results There were 34 participants, consists of 28 male (82,35%) and 6 female (17,65%), aged 20-62 years old, CD4+ cell count were 262±118 (4– 467) cells/mm3. We measured the size of condyloma lesions clinically using calipers, and median of the largest size of anogenital condyloma was 392 (4-16.695.396) mm3.Statistical analysis revealed a weak inverse correlation between the largest size ofanogenital condyloma with CD4+ cell count in HIV-infected patients but not statistically significant (r = - 0.09, p>0.05). Conclusion There was a weak inverse correlation between the largest size ofanogenital condyloma acuminatum with CD4+ cell count in HIV-infected patients but not statistically significant. These findings can be used as a data base, and we conclude that the largest size of anogenital condyloma acuminatum can not be used as a predictor of decrease in CD4+ cell count in HIV-infected patients.]"

"[Latar belakang. Frambusia banyak ditemukan di negara tropis dan 75% kasus baru terdeteksi pada anak kurang dari 15 tahun. Diagnosis klinis sulit karena dapat menyerupai lesi penyakit lain. Namun pada praktiknya, diagnosis lebih sering ditegakkan berdasarkan temuan klinis dan epidemiologis, karena pemeriksaan serologis dianggap tidak praktis. Tujuan. Mengetahui kesesuaian gambaran klinis frambusia menurut pedoman WHO dengan kepositivan TPHA pada anak usia 1-12 tahun. Metode. Uji deskriptif. Subyek penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis sesuai lesi frambusia menurut WHO, lalu dikategorikan sebagai terduga frambusia dan bukan frambusia. Seluruh subyek dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan TPHA. Dihitung besar kesesuaian keseluruhan, kesesuaian positif, dan negatif antara dugaan klinis dan TPHA. Hasil. Total subyek penelitian adalah 493 anak. Sebanyak 32 subyek terduga klinis frambusia dan 22 subyek dengan hasil TPHA positif. Proporsi kesesuaian keseluruhan antara gambaran klinis WHO dan TPHA adalah 90,67%, dengan proporsi kesesuaian positif 18,18%, dan proporsi kesesuaian negatif 94,06%. Kesimpulan. Nilai kesesuaian keseluruhan yang tinggi disebabkan karena kepositivan TPHA sangat kecil dibandingkan total subyek. Kepositivan gambaran klinis frambusia menurut WHO hanya memiliki kesesuaian sebesar 18,18% dengan pemeriksaan TPHA, sehingga tidak cukup sebagai sarana penapisan penyakit. Tidak ditemukannya gambaran klinis menurut WHO memiliki kesesuaian sebesar 94,06% dengan TPHA yang negatif., Background. Yaws is most prevalent in tropical countries and 75% of new cases are in children younger than 15 years. Clinical diagnosis can be confused with other skin diseases. However, physician often diagnose the disease based on clinical and epidemiological finding, because serological examination is impractical. Aim. To identify the conformity of yaws’ clinical manifestation based on WHO classification and TPHA in children age 1-12 years. Method. Descriptive study. All subjects were examined based on WHO classification, and then categorized as suspected or nonsuspected cases. TPHA were done to all subjects. Data collected were calculated to identify the proportion of overall agreement, positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement between clinical diagnosis and TPHA. Result. 493 subjects included in this study. There were 32 subjects with suspected yaws and 22 with reactive TPHA. The proportion of overall agreement between suspected case and TPHA were 90,67%, with positive percent agreement of 18,18%, and negative percent agreement of 94,06%. Conclusion. The high value of overall agreement can be due to rare case compared to total subjects. The positiveness of yaws’ clinical manifestation based on WHO classification only had the conformity of 18,18% with TPHA result, which means that clinical diagnosis alone is nonreliable as screening tool. The negativeness of the clinical manifestation had the conformity of 94.06% with TPHA result.]"

"[Tesis ini membahas kemampuan alat uji rapid test Hexagon Syphilis menggunakan spesimen whole blood dan serum dibandingkan dengan Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay (TPHA) dalam mendeteksi frambusia pada anak usia 1-14 tahun di distrik Dili dan Manatuto, Timor Leste. Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik dengan rancangan potong lintang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan rapid test Hexagon Syphilismenggunakan spesimen fingerprick whole blood sebagai pemeriksaan penunjang serologis mampu mendeteksi frambusia pada anak usia 1-14 tahun dengan nilai sensitifitas fingerprick whole blood sebesar 95%, spesifisitas 99,17%, Nilai Duga Positif (NDP) sebesar 86,36%, Nilai Duga Negatif (NDN) sebesar 99,72%., The aim of this study was to measure the performance of rapid test Hexagon Syphilis® using whole blood and serum specimens compared to Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay (TPHA) in detecting yaws in children age 1-14 years old. This is a diagnostic study with cross-sectional design. The results of the performance of rapid test Hexagon Syphilis® from fingerprick whole blood was: sensitivity 95%, specificity 99,17%, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 86,36, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 99,72%.]"

"[ABSTRAKDuh tubuh vagina adalah cairan yang keluar dari alat genital perempuan yang tidak berupa darah. World Health Organization (2007) merekomendasikan dalam menegakkan diagnosis duh tubuh vagina dengan menggunakan alur pemeriksaan dengan spekulum. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia telah merekomendasikan alur tersebut untuk seluruh puskesmas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas alur pemeriksaan duh tubuh vagina dengan spekulum oleh dokter puskesmas di Kota Pontianak yang dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Uji diagnostik sensitivitas dan spesifisitas dilakukan terhadap 52 subyek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas diagnosis vaginitis menggunakan spekulum sebesar 57,1% dan 52%, sedangkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas untuk diagnosis servisitis sebesar 75% dan 57,7%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang rendah (≤85%), menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan menggunakan spekulum tidak cukup baik untuk digunakan sebagai dasar dalam menegakkan diagnosis duh tubuh vagina.

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ABSTRACTVaginal discharge is the discharge from womens genitals which does not consist of blood. World Health Organization in 2007 provide recommendations for diagnosis vaginal discharge in health care one of them by using a speculum. The Ministry of Health of Indonesia has recommended speculum examination of vaginal discharge to all health centers in Indonesia. This research aim was to study the sensitivity and specificity of vaginal discharge examination using a speculum by doctors in primary health care in Pontianak confirmed by laboratory examination. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic testing were conducted on 52 research subjects. The result of the study showed the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of vaginitis using a speculum were 57.1% and 52%, whereas the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cervicitis were 75% and 57.7%. Low sensitivity and specificity values (≤85%), indicating that the use of a speculum examination is not good enough to be used as a basis in the diagnosis of vaginal discharge., Vaginal discharge is the discharge from womens genitals which does not consist of blood. World Health Organization in 2007 provide recommendations for diagnosis vaginal discharge in health care one of them by using a speculum. The Ministry of Health of Indonesia has recommended speculum examination of vaginal discharge to all health centers in Indonesia. This research aim was to study the sensitivity and specificity of vaginal discharge examination using a speculum by doctors in primary health care in Pontianak confirmed by laboratory examination. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic testing were conducted on 52 research subjects. The result of the study showed the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of vaginitis using a speculum were 57.1% and 52%, whereas the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cervicitis were 75% and 57.7%. Low sensitivity and specificity values (≤85%), indicating that the use of a speculum examination is not good enough to be used as a basis in the diagnosis of vaginal discharge.]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang dan tujuan : Hubungan seksual anal reseptive usia muda pada LSL meningkatkan penularan infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), infeksi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), dan infeksi menular seksual lainnya sehingga dapat menimbulkan abnormalitas sitologi anus. Kekerapan hubungan seksual anus pada LSL menyebabkan trauma berulang pada anus juga menimbulkan abnormalitas sitologi anus. Hal ini menyebabkan LSL rentan menderita kanker anus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemungkinan terdapatnya hubungan antara coitarche, kekerapan hubungan seksual anal receptive dan infeksi HIV terhadap abnormalitas gambaran sitologi anus dengan anal pap smear. Metode: Penelitian ini berdesain potong lintang pada 99 LSL di Puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur. Dilakukan wawancara tentang coitarche, kekerapan hubungan seksual anal receptive, dan jumlah pasangan. Juga pemeriksaan fisis, pemeriksaan serologis HIV dan pengambilan spesimen anal swab untuk pemeriksaan sitologi anus. Hasil: Proporsi gambaran abnormal sitologi adalah 15,2% dan seluruhnya ASCUS, tidak ditemukan LSIL dan HSIL. Gambaran abnormal sitologi anus berdasarkan kelompok usia coitarche dan kelompok pasangan seksual anal receptive seumur hidup terbanyak adalah usia coitarche >19 tahun dan pasangan seumur hidup < 24 orang. Gambaran abnormal sitologi anus pada kelompok berdasarkan jumlah pasangan dalam 3 bulan terakhir dan kekerapan hubungan seksual perminggu adalah sebanding. Pada 51 SP HIV positif didapatkan 17,6% ASCUS dan pada 48 SP HIV negatif didapatkan 12,5% ASCUS. LSL dengan gambaran klinis kutil peri anus ditemukan 30,3% ASCUS (RP 5,30; 95%IK 1,6417,19) Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara usia coitarche, kekerapan hubungan seksual anal receptive, dan infeksi HIV dengan abnormalitas sitologi anus.

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ABSTRACTBackground and aim: Anal receptive intercourse at younger age among MSM could increase transmission of HIV infection, HPV infection, and other sexually transmitted disease and could cause abnormalities of anal cytology. Frequent anal receptive intercourse in MSM would cause repeated trauma to anus and this process accelerate anal cytology abnormalities. This will put MSM at high risk of anal cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse in MSM and HIV infection to anal cytology abnormalities using anal Papsmear. Methods: This is a cross sectional study in 99 MSM at puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur. Interview about coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, number of sexual anal receptive patner, physical examination, HIV serology, anal swab specimens for anal cytology examination were done. Results: The proportion of the abnormal cytology was 15.2% and all were ASCUS. Neither LSIL nor HSIL were found. Abnormal cytology based on coitarche, were found more in the > 19 years age group. Abnormal cytology based on lifetime anal receptive sexual patner numbers, were more in < 24 patners. Abnormal anal cytology based on number of sexual patners in the past 3 months and frequency of weekly sexual intercourse wereequal. In 51 MSM with HIV positive group there was 17.6% ASCUS and in 48 MSM with HIV negative group there was 12.5% ASCUS. In MSM with perianal wart, 30.3% were ASCUS (PR 5.30; 95%CI 1.64-17.19) Conclution: There is no significant difference between coitarche age, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, and HIV infection with abnormal anal cytology. ;Background and aim: Anal receptive intercourse at younger age among MSM could increase transmission of HIV infection, HPV infection, and other sexually transmitted disease and could cause abnormalities of anal cytology. Frequent anal receptive intercourse in MSM would cause repeated trauma to anus and this process accelerate anal cytology abnormalities. This will put MSM at high risk of anal cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse in MSM and HIV infection to anal cytology abnormalities using anal Papsmear. Methods: This is a cross sectional study in 99 MSM at puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur. Interview about coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, number of sexual anal receptive patner, physical examination, HIV serology, anal swab specimens for anal cytology examination were done. Results: The proportion of the abnormal cytology was 15.2% and all were ASCUS. Neither LSIL nor HSIL were found. Abnormal cytology based on coitarche, were found more in the > 19 years age group. Abnormal cytology based on lifetime anal receptive sexual patner numbers, were more in < 24 patners. Abnormal anal cytology based on number of sexual patners in the past 3 months and frequency of weekly sexual intercourse wereequal. In 51 MSM with HIV positive group there was 17.6% ASCUS and in 48 MSM with HIV negative group there was 12.5% ASCUS. In MSM with perianal wart, 30.3% were ASCUS (PR 5.30; 95%CI 1.64-17.19) Conclution: There is no significant difference between coitarche age, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, and HIV infection with abnormal anal cytology. , Background and aim: Anal receptive intercourse at younger age among MSM could increase transmission of HIV infection, HPV infection, and other sexually transmitted disease and could cause abnormalities of anal cytology. Frequent anal receptive intercourse in MSM would cause repeated trauma to anus and this process accelerate anal cytology abnormalities. This will put MSM at high risk of anal cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse in MSM and HIV infection to anal cytology abnormalities using anal Papsmear. Methods: This is a cross sectional study in 99 MSM at puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur. Interview about coitarche, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, number of sexual anal receptive patner, physical examination, HIV serology, anal swab specimens for anal cytology examination were done. Results: The proportion of the abnormal cytology was 15.2% and all were ASCUS. Neither LSIL nor HSIL were found. Abnormal cytology based on coitarche, were found more in the > 19 years age group. Abnormal cytology based on lifetime anal receptive sexual patner numbers, were more in < 24 patners. Abnormal anal cytology based on number of sexual patners in the past 3 months and frequency of weekly sexual intercourse wereequal. In 51 MSM with HIV positive group there was 17.6% ASCUS and in 48 MSM with HIV negative group there was 12.5% ASCUS. In MSM with perianal wart, 30.3% were ASCUS (PR 5.30; 95%CI 1.64-17.19) Conclution: There is no significant difference between coitarche age, frequency of anal receptive intercourse, and HIV infection with abnormal anal cytology. ]"

"[Latar belakang: Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, banyak negara melaporkan peningkatan infeksisifilis pada laki-laki yang berhubungan seksual dengan laki-laki (LSL). Kejadian ini dikaitkandengan jumlah LSL yang meningkat pesat dan perilaku seksual mereka yang berisiko tinggi.Sifilis menjadi masalah penting karena sifilis meningkatkan penularan HIV. Beberapa penelitianterdahulu menemukan faktor risiko infeksi sifilis antara lain memiliki banyak pasangan seksual,tidak konsisten memakai kondom, memiliki riwayat infeksi menular seksual (IMS), danberhubungan seks di bawah pengaruh obat-obatan. Peran faktor risiko lain yang terkait perilakuseksual perlu diklarifikasi.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan usia coitarche, posisi berhubungan seksual, dan penggunaanpelumas seks dengan kepositifan serologik sifilis pada LSL di Jakarta. Metode: Penelitian dengan rancangan kasus kontrol, yang berlangsung dari bulan Januari hinggaMaret 2015 di Puskesmas Pasar Rebo, Jakarta. Sebanyak 116 subjek terbagi atas dua kelompok,yaitu LSL dengan hasil tes serologik sifilis positif dan negatif, dengan jumlah yang sama disetiapkelompok. Semua subjek diwawancara langsung mengenai beberapa perilaku seksual dandilakukan pengambilan darah yang diperiksa dengan rapid plasma reagin dan rapid syphilis test.Hasil: Faktor risiko yang berhubungan bermakna dengan analisis multivariat adalah usiacoitarche anogenital muda (p=0,001, OR=1,211, IK95%=1,084-2,634), posisi reseptif anal(p=0,006, OR=8,044, IK95%=1,811-35,720), dan penggunaan pelumas seks pada penis pasanganseksual (p<0,001, OR=19,286, IK95%=4,009-92,771). Kesimpulan: Usia coitarche, posisi reseptif anal, dan penggunaan pelumas pada penis pasangan seksual merupakan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kepositifan serologik sifilis. , Background: Over the past years, a worldwide increase of syphilis infection has been reportedamong men who have sex with men (MSM), thought to be related to their high risk sexualbehavior. Syphilis is an important problem because it can increase the risk of acquisition andtransmission of HIV. Several studies have identified risk factors for syphilis, e.g. numbers ofsexual partner, inconsistent use of condom, previous sexually transmitted infection (STI), and sexunder the influence of drugs. The role of other sex-related behavioral characteristics needs to beclarified.Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between coitarche age, sexposition, and sex lubricant use with syphilis seropositivity among MSM in Jakarta.Methods: In this case control study, conducted from January to March 2015 at Pasar Rebocommunity health care, Jakarta, 116 subjects were divided equally into groups of MSM withpositive and negative serologic syphilis test. All were interviewed about certain sexual behaviorsand blood samples were tested for syphilis by rapid plasma reagin and rapid syphilis test.Results: After multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with positive serologic syphilis testwere younger coitarche age (p=0.001, OR=1.211, 95%CI=1.084-2.634), receptive anal sex(p=0.006, OR=8.044, 95%CI=1.811-35.720), and the use of lubricant on sexual partner’s penis(p<0.001, OR=19.286, 95%CI=4.009-92.721). Conclusions: Coitarche age, receptive anal sex, and sex lubricant use on sexual partner’s penis were significantly associated with positive serologic syphilis test.]"

"[Kulit kering merupakan penyebab tersering keluhan gatal pada pasien HIV. Terapi antiretroviral pun dikaitkan dengan kulit kering, namun pemberiannya diperlukan oleh pasien HIV dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara lama terapi antiretroviral dengan derajat kekeringan kulit pada pasien HIV. Studi potong lintang dan kasus kontrol ini dilaksanakan pada Juni 2015 di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Didapatkan 97 subjek. Lama terapi antiretroviral lini dua berkorelasi positif terhadap nilai transepidermal water loss dan lama terapi antiretroviral berkorelasi negatif terhadap nilai skin capacitance. Lama terapi antiretroviral merupakan faktor risiko terhadap penurunan nilai skin capacitance.;Xerosis is the most common etiology for itch in HIV patients. Antiretroviral therapy is also associated with xerosis, but this drug is needed to be given in a long course. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to determine the association between duration of antiretroviral therapy and degree of xerosis in HIV patients. This cross sectional and case control study was done in June 2015 in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. There were 97 subjects. Duration of second line antiretroviral therapy is positively correlated to transepidermal water loss value and duration of antiretroviral therapy is negatively correlated with skin capacitance value. The duration of antiretroviral therapy is a risk factor for the decrease of skin capacitance value. , Xerosis is the most common etiology for itch in HIV patients. Antiretroviral therapy is also associated with xerosis, but this drug is needed to be given in a long course. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to determine the association between duration of antiretroviral therapy and degree of xerosis in HIV patients. This cross sectional and case control study was done in June 2015 in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. There were 97 subjects. Duration of second line antiretroviral therapy is positively correlated to transepidermal water loss value and duration of antiretroviral therapy is negatively correlated with skin capacitance value. The duration of antiretroviral therapy is a risk factor for the decrease of skin capacitance value. ]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Koinfeksi oral karies, gingivitis dan periodontitis merupakan salah satu pencetus reaksi eritema nodosum leprosum (ENL). Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan proporsi kejadian ENL pada pasien kusta dengan koinfeksi oral dibandingkan dengan pasien kusta tanpa koinfeksi oral Metoda. Studi potong lintang komparatif. Pasien kusta (n=30) dengan dan tanpa koinfeksi oral dipilih sebagai SP. Dilakukan pemeriksaan secara klinis untuk mengetahui angka kejadian reaksi ENL pada masing-masing kelompok. Hasil. Reaksi ENL lebih banyak terjadi pada kelompok koinfeksi oral sebesar (66,7%) dibandingkan dengan kelompok tanpa koinfeksi oral sebesar (33,3%) meskipun secara statistik tidak bermakna didapatkan p=0.068 (95% IK 0,9-4,45). Pada analisis lebih lanjut didapatkan perbedaan proporsi kejadian reaksi ENL pada SP dengan karies dibandingkan dengan SP tanpa karies dengan p=0,028 (95% IK 1,028-5,080). Kesimpulan. Dalam tatalaksana reaksi ENL semua faktor pencetus diantaranya koinfeksi oral terutama karies harus dihilangkan.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Oral coinfection such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis is one of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) reaction trigger factors. Aim. To find the difference in proportion of ENL reaction between leprosy patient with and without oral coinfections. Method. Cross sectional comparative study. Leprosy patients (n=30) with and without oral coinfection were selected. Proportion of ENL reactions among the two groups was compared. Result. ENL reaction is more frequent in group with oral coinfection (66.7%) than in group without oral coinfection (33.3%) even though it was statistically insignificant p=0.068 (95% CI 0.9-4.45). Furher analysis discovered statistically significant difference in proportion of ENL reaction in leprosy patient with caries compared to non caries with p=0.028 (95% CI 1.028-5.080).Conclusion. It is important to eliminate all trigger factors of ENL reaction such as oral coinfection especially caries.;Background. Oral coinfection such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis is one of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) reaction trigger factors. Aim. To find the difference in proportion of ENL reaction between leprosy patient with and without oral coinfections. Method. Cross sectional comparative study. Leprosy patients (n=30) with and without oral coinfection were selected. Proportion of ENL reactions among the two groups was compared. Result. ENL reaction is more frequent in group with oral coinfection (66.7%) than in group without oral coinfection (33.3%) even though it was statistically insignificant p=0.068 (95% CI 0.9-4.45). Furher analysis discovered statistically significant difference in proportion of ENL reaction in leprosy patient with caries compared to non caries with p=0.028 (95% CI 1.028-5.080).Conclusion. It is important to eliminate all trigger factors of ENL reaction such as oral coinfection especially caries., Background. Oral coinfection such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis is one of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) reaction trigger factors. Aim. To find the difference in proportion of ENL reaction between leprosy patient with and without oral coinfections. Method. Cross sectional comparative study. Leprosy patients (n=30) with and without oral coinfection were selected. Proportion of ENL reactions among the two groups was compared. Result. ENL reaction is more frequent in group with oral coinfection (66.7%) than in group without oral coinfection (33.3%) even though it was statistically insignificant p=0.068 (95% CI 0.9-4.45). Furher analysis discovered statistically significant difference in proportion of ENL reaction in leprosy patient with caries compared to non caries with p=0.028 (95% CI 1.028-5.080).Conclusion. It is important to eliminate all trigger factors of ENL reaction such as oral coinfection especially caries.]"