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"Latar belakang: Identifikasi dan deteksi dini keterlambatan perkembangan anak sampai usia 3 tahun membutuhkan alat uji penapisan yang sahih dan andal serta mudah diaplikasikan orangtua. Kesahihan dan keandalan ASQ-3 belum teruji di Indonesia sehingga ASQ-3 belum digunakan secara luas sebagai alat uji penapisan perkembangan anak. Tujuan: Mengetahui kesahihan dan keandalan ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia sebagai alat uji penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 24-36 bulan. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini dibagi menjadi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu adaptasi transkultural, modifikasi dan tranlasi kuesioner ASQ-3 versi orginal ke bahasa Indonesia. Tahap kedua, kuesioner bahasa Indonesia yang sudah final, diuji ke 30 subyek dari 5 kelompok umur (24,27,30,33,36 bulan). Uji kesahihan dengan menggunakan koefisien korelasi, uji keandalan dengan konsistensi internal dan keandalan inter-rater. Hasil: Uji kesahihan dengan koefisien korelasi kuat di domain komunikasi usia 24 bulan (0,908), domain motor kasar usia 24 bulan (0,860), domain motor kasar usia 36 bulan (0,865). Uji keandalan dengan Alpha Cronbach ialah baik (0,673-0,825) dengan keandalan inter-rater yang sangat baik (0,916). Kesimpulan: ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia sahih dan andal sebagai alat uji penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 24-36 bulan.

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Background: Identification of children with developmental disabilities is critical step in providing early intervention services. Ages and Stages Questionnaires third edition (ASQ-3), a parent-report questionnaires has been proven to be a valid and reliable screening test and good psychometric properties. This test has not been validated and standardized before in Indonesia.

Aim: To provide the validated and reliability form of the Indonesian version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires as an appropriate developmental screening tool for evaluation of 24-36 months Indonesian children's development.

Method: Cross sectional study divided into two parts. First part included the adaptation, transcultural, and translation ASQ-3 original version to Indonesian version. Second part, final form of Indonesian ASQ-3 was performed for 30 children from 5 age groups (24,27,30,33,36 months). In order to determine validity of the questionnaires using correlation coefficient, and reliability was measured using internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results: The validity determined by correlation coefficient was very good in communication area at 24 months age (0.908), gross motor at 24 months age (0.860), and gross motor at 36 months age (0.865). The reliability, determined by cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.673-0.825 and the inter-rater reliability was 0.916.

Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the ASQ has appropriate validity and reliability for screening developmental disorders in 24 -36 months children in Indonesia."

"Latar Belakang: Gangguan Spektrum Autisme (GSA) adalah gangguan neurodevelopmental yang terdiri atas gangguan komunikasi, interaksi sosial serta adanya perilaku restriktif dan repetitif. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan masalah dalam kemampuan adaptif anak sehingga menghambat anak dalam melakukan kemampuan dasar aktivitas harian, seperti makan, mandi, melepas dan memakai baju, dan lain-lain. Penggunaan video-modeling merupakan salah satu metode intervensi yang dikembangkan beberapa tahun terakhir untuk melatih kemampuan aktivitas harian pada anak GSA. Nemun demikian, hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian mengenai penggunaan video-modeling aktivitas mandi pada anak GSA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan imitasi sequence aktivitas mandi sebelum dan sesudah pengggunaan video-modeling aktivitas mandi pada anak GSA. Metode: Disain penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimental (pre-post test analysis) dengan subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 6-10 tahun yang telah didiagnosis GSA oleh SpA konsultan neurologi anak yang datang ke Klinik Anakku Check My Child (CMC) Kayu Putih, Klinik Anakku BSD Serpong, Pondok Pinang, Depok dan Bekasi, serta Sekolah Anakku Pulomas pada periode April-Juni 2023. Subjek dikumpulkan dengan metode consecutive sampling. Besar sampel yang dibutuhkan untuk power 80%, derajat kemaknaan 5%, effect size 0,6 serta perkiraan drop out 20% adalah 33 subjek. Penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan video-modeling berupa animasi kegiatan mandi serta checklist penilaian kegiatan mandi berdasarkan 20 sequence kegiatan aktivitas mandi pada video tersebut. Pemaparan video dilakukan minimal 1x/hari selama 4 minggu. Subjek dengan frekuensi pemaparan <75% akan dieksklusi dari analisis. Penilaian dilakukan berdasarkan checklist aktivitas mandi dengan memberikan poin 1 untuk setiap sequence aktivitas yang mandi yang dilakukan subjek tanpa adanya instruksi verbal dan prompt motorik. Nilai pre-test adalah hasil penjumlahan penilaian checklist aktivitas mandi sebelum paparan video-modeling, sedangkan nilai post-test diambil setelah proses intervensi selama 4 minggu. Hasil: Dari 35 subjek yang mengikuti awal penelitian, hanya tersisa 29 anak (82,8%) yang menyelesaikan penelitian hingga 4 minggu. Sebagian besar subjek (94,2%) berusia 6-8 tahun dengan perbandingan laki dan perempuan sebesar 5:1. Nilai median kemampuan aktivitas mandi anak GSA sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan video-modeling adalah 3 (0-10) dan 6(1-17), pada skala 20. Terdapat perbedaan nilai yang bermakna (nilai p< 0,0001) antara perbedaan nilai sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan video-modeling, dengan nilai median selisih 3 (-4 – 13), pada skala 20. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik antara nilai imitasi sequence aktivitas mandi pada anak GSA sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan video-modeling. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menentukan kemaknaan nilai tersebut secara klinis.

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ackground: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a range of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired communication, social interaction and the presence of stereotypic and repetitive behavior. It may affect children's adaptive behaviour which consequently hinder them in carrying out basic daily living skills, such as eating, bathing, grooming, etc. Video-modeling is one of the newest intervention methods for the last decades to train daily living skills among individuals with ASD. However up to now there is scarce evidence for using video-modeling to improve bathing skills in children with ASD. This study aims to evaluate the difference of sequence imitation skills in bathing activity before and after using video-modeling of bathing in children with ASD. Method: The design of this study was a pre-post test analysis. The subjects are children aged 6-10 years who had been diagnosed as GSA by a pediatric neurology consultant and attended the Anakku Clinic Check My Child (CMC) Kayu Putih, Anakku Clinic BSD Serpong, Pondok Pinang, Depok, Bekasi, as well as Anakku Pulomas School within period of April until June 2023. The sampling method was consecutive sampling method. It required total of 33 subjects for 80% power, 5% significance level, 1 point of effect size along with pre-estimated 20% drop out. Firstly, we formulated an animation video-modeling of bathing activity along with its checklist evaluation instrument. The checklist consisted of 20 sequences shown in video-modeling of bathing. Subjects were mandated to watch the video-modeling minimum once a day for duration of 4 weeks. Subjects with the video exposure less than 75% were excluded from the analysis. The evaluation was conducted by adding 1 point for each sequence activity performed by ASD child, without any verbal instructions nor motoric prompts. Pre-test score is the sum of the bathing activity checklist before subject was exposed with the video-modeling, meanwhile the post-test score was taken after 4 weeks intervention period of video-modeling. Result: Among 35 subjects attended in the beginning of the study, only 29 children (82.8%) completed the study for 4 weeks. Most of the subjects (94.2%) were aged 6-8 years with a male and female ratio of 5:1. Median score of ASD childrens’ bathing activity before and after the video-modeling exposure is 3 (0–10) and 6 (1–17), on a scale of 20. The pre- and post-test difference is statistically significant which gives result of 3 point of difference (-4–13), on a scale of 20. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant difference between the sequence imitation skills of bathing activity in ASD children before and after using video-modeling. Further research is needed to determine the clinical significance of this value."