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Abstrak :
Anak sangat rentan mengalami ketidakseimbangan cairan karena memiliki proporsi air tubuh yang lebih besar di ruang ekstraseluler. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah akhir ini adalah memberikan gambaran penerapan model konservasi Levine dalam proses asuhan keperawatan pada klien anak dengan ketidakseimbangan cairan. Dan memberikan gambaran penerapan tehnik distraksi meremas bola lunak dalam mengontrol nyeri anak selama insersi kateter intravena. Model konservasi Levine digambarkan pada 5 kasus kelolaan. Masalah keperawatan yang muncul pada 4 kasus adalah kekurangan volume cairan dan 1 kasus kelebihan volume cairan. Intevensi keperawatan yang diberikan berdasarkan prinsip konservasi energi, konservasi integritas struktural, konservasi integritas personal dan konservasi integritas sosial. Evaluasi yang didapatkan pada kelima kasus tersebut adalah masalah kekurangan volume cairan teratasi dan masalah kelebihan volume cairan teratasi sebagian. Selanjutnya pada penerapan tehnik distraksi meremas bola lunak pada anak yang dilakukan insersi intravena didapatkan skor nyeri anak berkurang. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa tehnik distraksi meremas bola lunak efektif mengontrol nyeri saat insersi intravena pada anak. ......Children are very susceptible to experience fluid imbalances due to their body composition which have a greater proportion of body water in the extracellular space. The paper aims to illustrate the application of the Levine conservation model in the process of nursing care to a child with fluid imbalance. This paper also provides an overview of softball squeezing distraction techniques to control children's pain during intravenous catheter insertion. Levine s conservation model is described in five cases. In general, four cases were related to a lack of fluid volume and one case related to excess fluid volume. The nursing intervention was given based on the four conservation principles: energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity. The evaluation obtained from the five cases informs that the problem of lack of fluid volume resolved, and the problem of the excess fluid volume was partially resolved. Furthermore, in applying softball squeezing distraction techniques to children who have intravenous insertions, the child s pain score was decreased. Softball squeeze distraction techniques are proved to control pain effectively during intravenous insertion in children.

Abstrak :
Salah satu efek samping kemoterapi yang dirasa paling memberatkan bagi remaja adalah mual muntah. Mual muntah akibat kemoterapi disebut dengan istilah Chemotherapy Induced Nausea Vomiting (CINV). Prevalensi CINV pada remaja kanker cukup tinggi dan berdampak terhadap kualitas hidupnya sehingga diperlukan asuhan keperawatan yang holistic dan komprehensif. Tujuan karya tulis ini untuk memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan menggunakan pendekatan teori comfort Kolcaba dan teknik relaksasi genggam jari sebagai salah satu pilihan intervensi mandiri keperawatan untuk mengurangi keluhan CINV. Aplikasi teori comfort Kolcaba digambarkan pada lima kasus anak dengan masalah CINV yang diberikan asuhan keperawatan mulai dari pengkajian (fisik, psikospiritual, sosiokultural, dan lingkungan), penegakan diagnosis keperawatan, implementasi keperawatan (standard comfort, coaching dan comfort for the soul) dan evaluasi dengan tiga tipe kenyamanan (relief, ease dan transcendence). Hasil evaluasi pada kelima kasus menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatkan kenyamanan yaitu pada tipe ease dan transcendence sehingga Teori Comfort Kolcaba dapat direkomendasikan untuk mengatasi masalah CINV pada remaja. ...... One of the most burdensome side effects of chemotherapy for teenagers is nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy is known as Chemotherapy Induced Nausea Vomiting (CINV). The prevalence of CINV in adolescents with cancer is quite high and has an impact on their quality of life so that holistic and comprehensive nursing care is needed. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of nursing care using the Kolcaba comfort theory approach and finger grip relaxation techniques as a choice of independent nursing interventions to reduce CINV complaints. The application of Kolcaba's comfort theory is described in five cases of children with CINV problems who were given nursing care starting from assessment (physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental), enforcement of nursing diagnoses, implementation of nursing (standard comfort, coaching and comfort for the soul) and evaluation with three types of comfort (relief, ease and transcendence). The results of the evaluation in the five cases showed an increase in comfort, namely in the types of ease and transcendence so that Kolcaba's Comfort Theory can be recommended to overcome CINV problems in adolescents.

Abstrak :
Pemenuhan kebutuhan cairan merupakan bagian penting dalam proses asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan penyakit infeksi. Karya ilmiah akhir ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan kasus infeksi yang mengalami defisit volume cairan melalui pendekatan teori Self-care Orem. Teori Self-care orem diaplikasikan pada 5 kasus kelolaan. Pengkajian dilakukan berdasarkan gangguan pada universal self-care, ketidakmampuan self-care agency, dan defisit self-care. Intervensi dan implementasi keperawatan ditujukan untuk meningkatkan pasien sebagai self-care agent, memenuhi kebutuhan self-care dan menurunkan self-care deficit melalui method of helping sesuai dengan ketidakmampuan total, partial, dan suportif. Penerapan Evidence Based Nursing Practice berupa praktik reflektif menggunakan Model PiKir 5D sebagai strategi meningkatkan peran perawat dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan dengan masalah cairan maupun masalah lain yang muncul pada anak. Reflektif dapat digunakan sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan peran perawat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan cairan. ...... Fluid needs fulfillment is an important part in the process of pediatric nursing care with infectious diseases. This final study was to provide an illustration of nursing care in children with cases of infections that have fluid volume deficit through Orem's Self-care Theory. The Orem's Self-care theory was applied to 5 cases of nursing care. Assessments were conducted on the basis of impairments in universal self-care, inability of self-care agents, and self-care deficits. Nursing interventions and implementation are aimed at improving patients as self-care agents, helping self-care needs and lowering self-care deficits through method of helping in accordance with total, partial, and supportive disabilities. The Evidence Based Nursing Practice uses the reflection of the PiKir 5D Model as a role-enhancing strategy in providing nursing care with potential problems and other problems that arise in children. Reflection can be used as a strategy to increase the role of nurses in supplying fluid needs.