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Abstrak :
Objective: To examine the direct effect of type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (sildenafil), nitric oxide-donor (sodium nitroprusside) and their combination on human spermatozoa in vitro. Method: Semen samples were collected by masturbation after 3 days of abstinence from donors presenting for infertility evaluation at Imunoendocrinology Labolatory. Samples were divided into normospermia and asthenospermia. Each group were washed on discontinuous density gradient (Percoll 45% and 90%) at 300g for 20 minutes, then resuspended in capacitation media containing Ham's F10. Aliquots of 10x106 spermatozoa were reacted with PDE5 inhibitor, NO-donor, their combination, and also Pentoxyphylline (non-selective PDE) in different doses (0.1,1 and 10 umol). Minimally 6 samples were test for each dose. After 1 hour incubation at 37°C, 5% CO2 in air, microscopic analyses were performed to count motility. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test difference among the means. Result: There were 27 normospemia samples and 24 asthenospermia samples. In normopsermia group, Sildenafil, NO-donor and their combination increase spermatozoa motility significantly if compare to their blank (p 0.023,0.015,0.006). Sildenafil caused dose-dependent increase in spermatozoa motility. Low dose NO-donor increase motility. Combination of Sildenafil and NO-donor could not increase motility better than Sildenafil or NO-donor alone. Sildenafil or NO-donor increase motility higher than Pentoxyphylline. In asthenospermia group, Sildenafil, NO-donor, Sildenafil+NO-donor, and Pentoxyphylline increase motility compare to their blank, but there were no significant difference. Conclusion: Sildenafil, NO-donor and their combination increase spermatozoa motility significantly if compare to their blank. NO-donor could not enhance the effect of Sildenafil to increase motility.

Abstrak :
Objective : Diabetes Mellitus has been known as a causal factor for sexual dysfunction in men due to neuropatic diabetic, vascular insufficiency and psychological problems. Female sexual dysfunction in diabetic patients has not been studied yet, because of limited scientific experiments in this subject. The purpose of this study is to get the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in diabetic patients at Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Method : This study was done to 100 women with diabetes mellitus who visited Endocrinology Out Patient Clinic at Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. The study was performed using The Index of Female Sexual Function (IFSF) questionnaires with interview technic. Control population was 110 women who visited or worked at Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. The responses of the qustionnaieres were analyzed to determine whether subject of this study experience sexual dysfunction or not. Result : Women with diabetes mellitus were more likely to suffer from sexual dysfunction than population control (36 % vs 26 % ; p < 0.05 ). Women with diabetes mellitus complained more about decreased lubrication of vagina than population control ( 32 % vs 15 % ; p = 0.008 ). Age and length of suffering from diabetes mellitus are statistically not significant for causing female sexual dysfunction. Conclusion : Sexual problems are more likely to occur in women with diabetes mellitus.