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Abstrak :
Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Dalam proses produksinya suatu pabrik semen telah menyebabkan pencemaran limbah debu di lingkungan kerjanya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa disamping manfaatnya dalam pembangunan, proses produksi semen juga dapat mengganggu kesehatan paru tenaga kerja. Berhubung masih terdapat kontroversi mengenai jenis kelainan paru yang disebabkan debu semen, maka dilakukan penelitian di pabrik semen. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh data mengenai prevalensi penyakit dan gangguan faal paru di kalangan tenaga kerja Plan III/IV pabrik semen dan kadar debu rata-rata dimana tenaga kerja- terpapar, serta melihat hubungan antara kadar debu dan lama paparan dengan prevalensi tersebut. Secara deskriptif menggunakan disain 'cross sectional' telah diperiksa sejumlah 176 tenaga kerja laki-laki berumur 18-55 tahun dan telah bekerja selama 2 tahun. Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, pemeriksaan fisik, faal paru dan foto toraks. Pengukuran kadar debu dilakukan dengan teknik 'low volume dust sampler' sedangkan untuk silika bebas dengan mikroskop polarisasi. Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Kadar silika bebas di beberapa tempat menunjukkan kadar >1% dan kadar debu di beberapa tempat melebihi NAB. Prevalensi penyakit yang ditemukan rendah sekali, yaitu silikosis 1,13%, tersangka silikosis 1,7%, asma 0,6%, TB 3,4%, sedangkan bronkitis dan emfisema tidak ditemukan. Gangguan faal restriktif ditemukan sebesar 19,9% dan gangguan obstruktif 2,3%. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara besar risiko dengan gangguan faal paru dan prevalensi penyakit. Demikian pula tidak ditemukan hubungan antara gangguan faal paru dengan kelainan radiologis, umur dan kebiasaan memakai pelindung. Terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dan gangguan faal paru; gangguan restriktif lebih banyak ditemukan pada bukan perokok (p <0,05).

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Pulmonary Diseases And Lung Function Abnormalities Among Workers At A Cement FactoryScope and Method of Study: The main hazard during cement processing is dust. This indicates that besides its benefit on our National Development, the cement industry may have some drawbacks on our workers' health. A cement factory was surveyed, since there are still different opinions on the pulmonary effects of cement dust until now. The aim of this study is to measure the level of dust exposure and the silica content at Plant II1/IV of the factory, to study the prevalence of pulmonary diseases and lung function abnormalities of cement workers at Plant III/IV and to observe if there is any relationship between both studies. In this cross-sectional study, 176 cement workers of Plant II1/IV aged between 18 to 55 years were surveyed. A questionnaire, physical examination, chest roentgenogram and Spiro gram were obtained on each person. Dust concentrations were measured with a low volume dust sampler and free silica was measured with a polarizing microscope. Findings and Conclusions: At some workplaces the dust and silica concentrations were above the threshold limit value. The overall prevalence rate of silicosis was 1.13%, suspect silicosis 1.7%, tuberculosis 3.4% and asthma 0.6%, while no signs of bronchitis and emphysema were noted. The vital capacity in 19.9% workers and the FEV1 in 2.3% workers was reduced. No relationship was noted between dust exposure, pulmonary diseases and lung function abnormalities. Neither was there any relationship noted between lung functions abnormalities, smoking habits, roentgen graphic changes, age and the usage of respiratory protective. A significant relationship was noted between smoking habits and lung function abnormalities; restrictive impairments were most pronounced in nonsmokers (p C 0.05).

Abstrak :
Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Dalam sistem kerja mengangkat dijumpai beban angkat yang beragam dari ringan sampai terlampau berat. Selain tidak efisien, beban angkat yang terlampau berat mengundang bahaya bagi keselamatan maupun kesehatan tenaga kerja. Sedang beban angkat yang terlalu ringan walau relatif lebih aman, namun tidak efisien. Diantara keduanya mestinya ada beban angkat optimal. Pada sistem kerja mengangkat terjadi pembebanan terhadap tenaga kerja, yang berat ringannya tergantung berat beban, frekuensi dan lama mengangkat serta cuaca lingkungan. Sebagai suatu usaha pendekatan beban angkat yang layak (optimal) dapat diberikan kepada tenaga kerja kasar laki-laki Indonesia, merupakan tujuan umum penelitian ini. Tujuan khusus adalah mencari beban angkat optimal dari lantai sampai 100 cm 3x/menit selama 6 menit pada tenaga kerja laki-laki dari populasi yang diteliti. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 32 orang naracoba yang diambil secara acak. Digunakan beban beras seberat 30, 35, 40 dan 45 kg yang harus diangkat dari lantai sampai ke atas papan peluncur setinggi 100 cm. Metoda yang digunakan adalah 'latin square'. Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Menggunakan parameter nadi dan tempo pemulihan (T) sebagai kriteria penilai beban angkat optimal didapat: Nadi diam (N I) antara beban tidak bermakna (p 0,05) mengesankan waktu istirahat yang memadai. Beban angkat optimal berupa beban terberat yang memenuhi kriteria: N II antara 110 - 120 x/menit, A N berkisar 30 x/menit dan T tidak lebih dari 15 menit dipenuhi oleh beban 35 kg. Kesimpulan: upaya pendekatan beban angkat yang layak (optimal) dapat diberikan kepada tenaga kerja kasar laki-laki Indonesia, dilakukan dengan mengukur N I, N II, T dan menghitung A N pada uji angkat beban. Didapat beban angkat optimal dari lantai sampai siku 3 x/menit selama 6 menit pada tenaga kerja laki-laki kawasan pergudangan betas di Jakarta adalah 35 kg.

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Optimal Lifting Load From The Floor To 100 Cm 3 Times Per Minute For 6 Minutes On Male Workers At The Rice Storage Area In JakartaScope and Method of Study: Lifting involves various weight loads, from very light to very heavy load. The very heavy load is neither efficient nor safe, while the very light load is not efficient, although relatively safe. The strain imposed on workers during lifting depends on the workload, the frequency, the height and duration of lifting, and the environment. The general purpose of this study was to find the optimal lifting load for Indonesian workers. The specific purpose was to search for the optimal lifting load from the floor to 100 cm height 3 times per minute for 6 minutes on male workers at the rice storage area in Jakarta. The optimal lifting load was the heaviest load which should fulfill the following criteria: working pulse (NII) of 111 - 120 pulses/min, work pulse (AN) around 30 pulses/min, and recovery time (T) not more than 15 minutes. Thirty-two subjects were selected randomly. These volunteers lifted rice bags of 30, 35, 40 and 45 kg weight in random order according to a Latin square design. Findings and Conclusions: Weight loads of 30, 35, 40 and 45 kg, respectively, gave the following results: NI were 89, 87, 88 and 88 pulses/min, NII 111, 116, 125 and ' 1 32 pulses/min, AN 23, 29, 37 and 44 pulses/ min, and T 9, 10, 13 and 13 minutes. NI between loads was not significantly different; showing that resting period was sufficient. After 30 and 35 kg loads NII were 111 and 116 pulses/min (not significantly different); A N were. 23 and 29 pulses/min (p<0.01); and T were 9 and 10 minutes (not significant). While T after 40 and 45 kg (both 13 minutes) were significantly different from T after 35 kg (p<0.01). It was concluded that the optimal lifting load from the floor to 100 cm height 3 times per minute for 6 minutes on male workers at the rice storage area in Jakarta was 35 kg.