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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Aplikasi atribut seismik 3D dan sifat fisik batuan telah dapat memodelkan reservoar A Formasi Ledok Lapangan X Blok Cepu. Beberapa atribut seismik yang sesuai untuk mengidentifikasi penyebaran reservoar dilapangan ini adalah root mean square (rms), sweetness, dan impedansi akustik relatif. Dimana ketiga atribut seismik tersebut memperlihatkan suatu anomali amplitudo berupa bright spot yang diidentifikasi sebagai reservoar A dan memperlihatkan pola penyebaran berarah selatan-utara. Fasies reservoar A yang merupakan batugamping pasiran adalah reservoar yang sangat baik dalam menyimpan hidrokarbon gas dengan porositas 19% dan saturasi air sebesar 40%. Adanya faktor ketidakpastian dalam penentuan batas penyebaran reservoar A dari atribut seismik, model reservoar A di bagi menjadi tiga bagian yaitu perkiraan optimis (P90), perkiraan sedang (P50) dan perkiraan pesimis (P10). Keberadaan hidrokarbon gas di Lapangan X dikontrol oleh suatu perangkap stratigrafi bukan perangkap struktur hal ini terlihat dari tidak adanya tutupan (klosur). Berdasarkan sebaran reservoar melalui integrasi atribut seismik, properti batuan dan model reservoar diusulkan 4 (empat) sumur pemboran untuk mengembangkan lapangan gas X.

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ABTRACT
Application of 3D seismic attributes and physical properties of reservoir rocks have been to model the formation Ledok A Field X Cepu Block. The seismic attributes, which can be used to identify distribution of the reservoir in this field were the root mean square (rms), sweetness, and relative acoustic impedance. The attributes of the seismic amplitude anomaly shows a bright spot in the form identified as reservoars A and show the pattern of northsouth trending deployment. A reservoir facies which is a sandy limestone reservoir was very good at keeping a hydrocarbon gas with 19% porosity and water saturation of 40%. The existence of uncertainty in the determination of reservoir distribution limit of seismic attributes. A reservoir model was divided into three parts, optimistic estimate (P90), moderate estimate (P50) and pesimistic estimate (P10). The existence of hydrocarbon gases in field X in was control by a stratigraphic traps compared to traps structure as seen from the absence of cover (closur). Based on integration of seismic attributes, rock properties and reservoar model proposed four (4) wells drilling to develop the gas field X.;Application of 3D seismic attributes and physical properties of reservoir rocks have been to model the formation Ledok A Field X Cepu Block. The seismic attributes, which can be used to identify distribution of the reservoir in this field were the root mean square (rms), sweetness, and relative acoustic impedance. The attributes of the seismic amplitude anomaly shows a bright spot in the form identified as reservoars A and show the pattern of northsouth trending deployment. A reservoir facies which is a sandy limestone reservoir was very good at keeping a hydrocarbon gas with 19% porosity and water saturation of 40%. The existence of uncertainty in the determination of reservoir distribution limit of seismic attributes. A reservoir model was divided into three parts, optimistic estimate (P90), moderate estimate (P50) and pesimistic estimate (P10). The existence of hydrocarbon gases in field X in was control by a stratigraphic traps compared to traps structure as seen from the absence of cover (closur). Based on integration of seismic attributes, rock properties and reservoar model proposed four (4) wells drilling to develop the gas field X.;Application of 3D seismic attributes and physical properties of reservoir rocks have been to model the formation Ledok A Field X Cepu Block. The seismic attributes, which can be used to identify distribution of the reservoir in this field were the root mean square (rms), sweetness, and relative acoustic impedance. The attributes of the seismic amplitude anomaly shows a bright spot in the form identified as reservoars A and show the pattern of northsouth trending deployment. A reservoir facies which is a sandy limestone reservoir was very good at keeping a hydrocarbon gas with 19% porosity and water saturation of 40%. The existence of uncertainty in the determination of reservoir distribution limit of seismic attributes. A reservoir model was divided into three parts, optimistic estimate (P90), moderate estimate (P50) and pesimistic estimate (P10). The existence of hydrocarbon gases in field X in was control by a stratigraphic traps compared to traps structure as seen from the absence of cover (closur). Based on integration of seismic attributes, rock properties and reservoar model proposed four (4) wells drilling to develop the gas field X., Application of 3D seismic attributes and physical properties of reservoir rocks have been to model the formation Ledok A Field X Cepu Block. The seismic attributes, which can be used to identify distribution of the reservoir in this field were the root mean square (rms), sweetness, and relative acoustic impedance. The attributes of the seismic amplitude anomaly shows a bright spot in the form identified as reservoars A and show the pattern of northsouth trending deployment. A reservoir facies which is a sandy limestone reservoir was very good at keeping a hydrocarbon gas with 19% porosity and water saturation of 40%. The existence of uncertainty in the determination of reservoir distribution limit of seismic attributes. A reservoir model was divided into three parts, optimistic estimate (P90), moderate estimate (P50) and pesimistic estimate (P10). The existence of hydrocarbon gases in field X in was control by a stratigraphic traps compared to traps structure as seen from the absence of cover (closur). Based on integration of seismic attributes, rock properties and reservoar model proposed four (4) wells drilling to develop the gas field X.]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Penentuan zona rekahan reservoar di daerah Geotermal sangat penting untuk keperluan penentuan titik pemboran. Penentuan zona rekahan tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode geofisika, salah satunya adalah metode microearthquake (MEQ). Metode MEQ dapat memberikan informasi yang berkaitan dengan struktur permeabilitas reservoar, pola pergerakan fluida injeksi, dan batas reservoar pada lapangan Geotermal. Terdapat beberapa metode penting yang dilakukan untuk analisis zona rekahan dari data MEQ, yaitu relokasi menggunakan metode double difference, tensor momen dan tomografi. Dalam hal ini penulis berupaya untuk melakukan penelitian pengembangan software terkait penentuan waktu tiba menggunakan spektrogram. Setelah lokasi hiposenter diperoleh, maka langkah berikutnya adalah melakukan analisis tensor momen dan tomografi. Dari berbagai analisis yang dilakukan tersebut, penentuan zona rekahan di daerah Geotermal dapat dilakukan dengan baik. Diharapkan penelitian ini memberikan hasil yang terbaik sehingga metode yang dilakukan tersebut dapat diterapkan dalam penentuan zona rekahan yang lebih tepat.

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ABSTRACT
Determination of the reservoir fracture zone in Geothermal areas are very important for the purposes of determining the drilling point. Determination of the fracture zone can be performed by applying geophysical methods, one of which is a microearthquake (MEQ) method. MEQ method may provide information relating to the structure of the reservoir permeability, patterns of fluid injection movement, and boundary the field of Geothermal reservoir. There are several important methods to analyze fracture zone performed on the data MEQ, relocation using the double difference method, moment tensor and tomography. In this case the author seeks to conduct research related to the development of software such methods can be used to process and analyze the MEQ data. In this case I do research related to software development related to the timing of arrival using the spectrogram. After the location of the hypocenter is obtained, then the next step is to analyze the moment tensor and tomography. From the various analyzes performed, the determination of the fracture zone in the Geothermal area can be done well. It is expected that this study provides the best results so the methods can applied in the determination of a more precise fracture zone.;Determination of the reservoir fracture zone in Geothermal areas are very important for the purposes of determining the drilling point. Determination of the fracture zone can be performed by applying geophysical methods, one of which is a microearthquake (MEQ) method. MEQ method may provide information relating to the structure of the reservoir permeability, patterns of fluid injection movement, and boundary the field of Geothermal reservoir. There are several important methods to analyze fracture zone performed on the data MEQ, relocation using the double difference method, moment tensor and tomography. In this case the author seeks to conduct research related to the development of software such methods can be used to process and analyze the MEQ data. In this case I do research related to software development related to the timing of arrival using the spectrogram. After the location of the hypocenter is obtained, then the next step is to analyze the moment tensor and tomography. From the various analyzes performed, the determination of the fracture zone in the Geothermal area can be done well. It is expected that this study provides the best results so the methods can applied in the determination of a more precise fracture zone.;Determination of the reservoir fracture zone in Geothermal areas are very important for the purposes of determining the drilling point. Determination of the fracture zone can be performed by applying geophysical methods, one of which is a microearthquake (MEQ) method. MEQ method may provide information relating to the structure of the reservoir permeability, patterns of fluid injection movement, and boundary the field of Geothermal reservoir. There are several important methods to analyze fracture zone performed on the data MEQ, relocation using the double difference method, moment tensor and tomography. In this case the author seeks to conduct research related to the development of software such methods can be used to process and analyze the MEQ data. In this case I do research related to software development related to the timing of arrival using the spectrogram. After the location of the hypocenter is obtained, then the next step is to analyze the moment tensor and tomography. From the various analyzes performed, the determination of the fracture zone in the Geothermal area can be done well. It is expected that this study provides the best results so the methods can applied in the determination of a more precise fracture zone., Determination of the reservoir fracture zone in Geothermal areas are very important for the purposes of determining the drilling point. Determination of the fracture zone can be performed by applying geophysical methods, one of which is a microearthquake (MEQ) method. MEQ method may provide information relating to the structure of the reservoir permeability, patterns of fluid injection movement, and boundary the field of Geothermal reservoir. There are several important methods to analyze fracture zone performed on the data MEQ, relocation using the double difference method, moment tensor and tomography. In this case the author seeks to conduct research related to the development of software such methods can be used to process and analyze the MEQ data. In this case I do research related to software development related to the timing of arrival using the spectrogram. After the location of the hypocenter is obtained, then the next step is to analyze the moment tensor and tomography. From the various analyzes performed, the determination of the fracture zone in the Geothermal area can be done well. It is expected that this study provides the best results so the methods can applied in the determination of a more precise fracture zone.]

Abstrak :
[Lapangan FTM sebagai lapangan minyak dan gas bumi. Pada lapangan FTM terdapat dua reservoir gas dan reservoir minyak, yaitu formasi Minahaki dan Formasi Tomori. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada formasi Tomori dengan litologi batuan karbonat dan merupakan reservoir minyak yang berumur Miocene Akhir. Stuktur ini terbentuk oleh sesar mendatar (Trust fault) dengan sudut kecil yang berarah NE-SW. Identifikasi hidrokarbon pada studi ini didasarkan pada hasil metode dekomposisi spektral. Metode dekomposisi spektral berbasis ISA dan CWT digunakan untuk analisa anomali frekuensi rendah. Anomali frekuensi rendah berasosiasi adanya hidrokarbon. Analisa petrofisika pada lapangan FTM pada daerah hidrokarbon mempunyai porositas yang bagus dan saturasi air yang kecil. Hasil dari pemetaan zona prospek hidrokarbon dan analisa petrofisika ini diharapkan bisa dilakukan delineasi zona prospek untuk kepentingan survey seismik lebih lanjut dan acuan untuk proses pemboran.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small angle of the NE - SW trending. Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly. Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area. Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic surveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small angle of the NE - SW trending. Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly. Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area. Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic surveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small angle of the NE - SW trending. Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly. Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area. Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic surveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small angle of the NE - SW trending. Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly. Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area. Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic surveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small angle of the NE - SW trending. Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly. Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area. Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic surveys and drilling of reference for the process., FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small angle of the NE - SW trending. Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly. Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area. Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic surveys and drilling of reference for the process.]

Abstrak :
Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan baterai sekunder, pemahaman mengenai bahan elektroda dan elektrolit harus ditingkatkan. Bahan elektroda negatif yang banyak digunakan adalah grafit, sedangkan elektroda positif yang banyak digunakan adalah LiCoO2. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengamatan mikrostruktur LiCoO2 komersial. Pada LiCoO2 diberikan pembebanan( 5, 10 dan 15 GPa), pemanasan (60°C, 150°C, dan 200°C) dan pemanasan secara in situ (25, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100 dan 115°C) yang selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian kristalografi menggunakan teknik difraksi sinar-x. Selanjutnya dilakukan refinement terhadap data hasil difraksi sinar-x menggunakan GSAS-EXPGUI. Dari hasil refinement diperoleh data perubahan parameter kisi, occupancy, dan density. Nilai occupancy, dan density semakin menurun dengan meningkatnya nilai pembebanan dan meningkatnya suhu pemanasan. Pada penelitian ini juga teramati adanya prefered orientation pada bidang (003) dan delithiasi yang ditandai dengan penurunan nilai occupancy Li akibat pembebanan dan pemanasan. ...... In order to increase the secondary battery's ability, the understanding of electrode and electrolit has to be improved. The negative electrode material which is commonly used is grafit, as for the positive electrode, it is LiCoO2. In this research, microstructure LiCoO2 commercial observation will be done. On LiCoO2, imposition ( 5,10 and 15 GPa), heating (60°C, 150°C, and 200°C), and heating with in situ (25, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100 and 115°C) are given, and then crystallography using x-ray diffraction technique is tested. Next, refinement to the data of x-ray diffraction result is done by using GSAS-EXPGUI. The data of grid parameter, occupancy, and density are obtained from the result of refinement. The rate of occupancy and density become lower as the imposition's rate and the heating temperature increase. In this research, there are also prefered orientation on field (003) and delithiasi which are marked with the decreasing of occupancy Li rate due to the imposition and heating.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Pada penelitian Disertasi ini telah dilakukan rekayasa material untuk pembuatan nano komposit magnetoelectric yang merupakan material multifungsi dengan menggabungkan antara material berfasa ferromagnetik dan material berfasa ferroelektrik Rekayasa material dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda mechanical alloying yang dilanjutkan dengan penghalusan secara mekanik dan destruksi ultrasonik daya tinggi untuk mendapatkan ukuran partikel dalam skala nanometer Material nanokomposit dipersiapkan dalam bentuk pellet Komponen komponen komposit baik itu Ba0 7Sr0 3O 6 Fe2O3 B7S3HF dan Ba0 7Sr0 3TiO3 B7S3T mengunakan material nanopartikel yang merupakan hasil subsitusi parsial ion Ba dengan Sr pada senyawa BHF dan BT sehingga meningkatkan volume sel satuan Hasil pengujian X Ray Diffraction XRD menunjukan bahwa sampel yang dihasilkan merupakan material fasa tunggal untuk senyawa Ba0 7Sr0 3O 6 Fe2O3 BSHF dan Ba0 7Sr0 3TiO3 BST Pengujian kemagnetan material dilakukan dengan Permagraph sedangkan sifat elektrik material dilakukan dengan electrometer Hasil pengujian ini menaikkan nilai magnetisasi remanen untuk BSHF dari BHF masing masing adalah 0 180 T dan dan 0 16 T menurunkan nilai koersivitas masing masing adalah 275 54 kA m 1 dan 322 14 kA m 1 Nilai ini sesuai dengan nilai yang dipublikasikan dalam berbagai literatur dan dengan demikian sintesis material berbasis BSHF dan BHF dengan metode yang diterapkan dipastikan menghasilkan material berfasa tungal Demikian juga halnya dengan hasil karakterisasi material BST dengan electrometer diperoleh nilai polarisasi total untuk BaTiO3 dan Ba0 7Sr0 3TiO3 masing masing adalah 42 8 C cm 2 dan 40 7 C cm 2 Hasil pengujian dengan menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer PSA terhadap material komponen komposit menunjukkan ukuran rata rata partikel Ba0 7Sr0 3TiO3 atau B7S3T adalah 78 nm dan Ba0 7Sr0 3O 6 Fe2O3 atau B7S3HF adalah 44 nm yang diperoleh pasca penghalusan mekanik yang dilanjutkan dengan destruksi ultrasonik selama 12 jam Sedangkan sifat kemagnetan material B7S3HF adalah 0 180 T untuk magnetisasi remanen dan 275 54 kA m 1 untuk nilai koersivitas Nilai magnetisasi remanen mengalami peningkatan menjadi 0 249 T karena efek induksi anisotropi oleh medan magnet luar sebesar 5 mT tanpa penurunan nilai koersivitas Dalam bentuk nanokomposit B7S3T B7S3HF dengan komposisi 1 1 dalam fraksi massa diperoleh hasil 0 115 T untuk nilai remanen dan 282 14 kA m 1 untuk nilai koersivitas tanpa induksi anisotropi Nilai magnetisai remanen ini adalah 46 nilai remanen B7S3HF tanpa induksi anisotropi Nilai remanen sampel nanokomposit meningkat menjadi 0 148 T tanpa perubahan nilai koersivitas setelah induksi anisotropi Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada peningkatan sebesar 0 010 T atau 8 berasal dari efek kopling antara kristalit B7S3HF dan B7S3T merupakan salah satu sifat magnetoelektric Hasil inspeksi nilai remanen terhadap material B7S3HF baik dalam jaringan komposit B7S3T B7S3HF memperlihatkan bahwa efek induksi anisotropi telah meningkat nilai magnetisasi remanen serta memperlihatkan munculnya sifat magnetoelektrik dalam sistem komposit;

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ABSTRACT
In this Dissertation research synthesize of magnetoelectric nanocomposite which is multifunctional materials was carried out by combining ferromagnetic and ferroelectric components Nanocomposites were made of barium strontium hexaferrite Ba0 7Sr0 3O 6 Fe2O3 B7S3HF as ferromagnetic and barium strontium titanate dan Ba0 7Sr0 3TiO3 B7S3T as ferroelectric components Materials preparation was carried out trough mechanical alloying route which followed by mechanical refinement and high power ultrasonic destruction to obtain particle sizes in the nanometer scales Nanocomposite materials were prepared in pellet form In this case components of composite which are B7S3T and B7S3HF made of nanoparticles Phase identification by X Ray Diffraction XRD method showed that all samples B7S3T and B7S3HF are respectively single phase materials As to the characterization it was found that partial substitution of Ba ions by Sr ions in BT and BHF has increased the volume of their respective unit cell The magnetic properties of magnetic materials which evaluated by a Permagraph have derived values for remanent magnetization of B7S3HF and BHF were respectively 0 18 T and 0 16 T with their corresponding coercivity 275 54 kA m 1 and 322 14 kA m 1 respectively These values are almost similar to the values published elsewhere for BHF and BT which then confirmed once again that the synthesized BHF and BT based materials material are single phase Similarly results of material characterization for B7S3T with an electrometer has derived total polarization values obtained for BaTiO3 and B7S3T were 42 8 C cm 2 and 40 7 C cm 2 respectively Test results using Particle Size Analyzer PSA of the material components for the composites showed that the mean particle size of Ba0 7Sr0 3TiO3 or B7S3T is 78 nm and that of Ba0 7Sr0 3O 6 Fe2O3 or B7S3HF is 44 nm which were obtained after further refining under mechanical milling followed by high power ultrasonic destruction for 12 hours Whereas the remanent magnetization of B7S3HF is 0 180 T and 275 54 kA m 1 for the coercivity The remanent magnetization value increased to 0 249 T with no changing in the coercivity value after anisotropy induced by an external magnetic field of 5 mT In addition the isotropic B7S3T B7S3HF nanocomposite with a composition 1 1 mass fraction has a remanent magnetization value of 0 115 T with a corresponding coercivity of 282 14 kA m 1 The remanence value of 0 115 T is about 46 of that of an isotropic B7S3HF However the remanent magnetization value for nanocomposite samples increased to 0 148 T with no change in coercivity after induced anisotropy It then can be concluded that there was an increase of 0 010 T or 8 in a remanent value which rose from coupling effects between crystallites of B7S3HF and B7S3T Results of inspection in remanent values for a ferromagnetic B7S3HF material present alone as well as in B7S3T B7S3HF composites showed that the all samples have shown an increased in remanent magnetization values which rose from magneto electric properties , In this Dissertation research synthesize of magnetoelectric nanocomposite which is multifunctional materials was carried out by combining ferromagnetic and ferroelectric components Nanocomposites were made of barium strontium hexaferrite Ba0 7Sr0 3O 6 Fe2O3 B7S3HF as ferromagnetic and barium strontium titanate dan Ba0 7Sr0 3TiO3 B7S3T as ferroelectric components Materials preparation was carried out trough mechanical alloying route which followed by mechanical refinement and high power ultrasonic destruction to obtain particle sizes in the nanometer scales Nanocomposite materials were prepared in pellet form In this case components of composite which are B7S3T and B7S3HF made of nanoparticles Phase identification by X Ray Diffraction XRD method showed that all samples B7S3T and B7S3HF are respectively single phase materials As to the characterization it was found that partial substitution of Ba ions by Sr ions in BT and BHF has increased the volume of their respective unit cell The magnetic properties of magnetic materials which evaluated by a Permagraph have derived values for remanent magnetization of B7S3HF and BHF were respectively 0 18 T and 0 16 T with their corresponding coercivity 275 54 kA m 1 and 322 14 kA m 1 respectively These values are almost similar to the values published elsewhere for BHF and BT which then confirmed once again that the synthesized BHF and BT based materials material are single phase Similarly results of material characterization for B7S3T with an electrometer has derived total polarization values obtained for BaTiO3 and B7S3T were 42 8 C cm 2 and 40 7 C cm 2 respectively Test results using Particle Size Analyzer PSA of the material components for the composites showed that the mean particle size of Ba0 7Sr0 3TiO3 or B7S3T is 78 nm and that of Ba0 7Sr0 3O 6 Fe2O3 or B7S3HF is 44 nm which were obtained after further refining under mechanical milling followed by high power ultrasonic destruction for 12 hours Whereas the remanent magnetization of B7S3HF is 0 180 T and 275 54 kA m 1 for the coercivity The remanent magnetization value increased to 0 249 T with no changing in the coercivity value after anisotropy induced by an external magnetic field of 5 mT In addition the isotropic B7S3T B7S3HF nanocomposite with a composition 1 1 mass fraction has a remanent magnetization value of 0 115 T with a corresponding coercivity of 282 14 kA m 1 The remanence value of 0 115 T is about 46 of that of an isotropic B7S3HF However the remanent magnetization value for nanocomposite samples increased to 0 148 T with no change in coercivity after induced anisotropy It then can be concluded that there was an increase of 0 010 T or 8 in a remanent value which rose from coupling effects between crystallites of B7S3HF and B7S3T Results of inspection in remanent values for a ferromagnetic B7S3HF material present alone as well as in B7S3T B7S3HF composites showed that the all samples have shown an increased in remanent magnetization values which rose from magneto electric properties ]

Abstrak :
[Zeolit alam yang merupakan salah satu mineral cukup melimpah di Indonesia, bisa menjadi salah satu solusi alternatif yang mudah diperoleh untuk mengatasi masalah limbah pertambangan di Indonesia, seperti limbah logam Cu(II). Dalam penelitian ini, telah dilakukan modifikasi zeolit alam khususnya yang berasal dari Citatah-Jawa Barat menjadi zeolit berpori hierarki sebagai adsorben ion logam berat Cu(II). Zeolit alam yang berukuran mikropori di modifikasi dengan menggunakan HCl (dealuminasi), dimana perlakuan ini befungsi untuk meningkatkan rasio Si/Al dan NaOH (desilikasi) untuk melarutkan sebagian Si dalam kerangka zeolit dan mengarahkan pembentukan mesopori dalam zeolit. Raw zeolit alam Citatah-Jawa Barat yang digunakan mengalami peningkatan rasio Si/Al menjadi 6,32 dari rasio Si/Al awal sekitar 3,62. Zeolit berpori hierarki (A4B1) dengan diameter pori 32,2 nm meningkatkan kapasitas adsorpsi raw zeolit yang hanya 11,87 mg Cu(II)/gram zeolit menjadi 28,12 mg Cu(II)/gram A4B1, saat ditambahkan Cu(II) 300 ppm pada waktu optimum 120 menit. Jenis adsorpsi yang terjadi antara ion logam berat Cu(II) terhadap zeolit hierarki yang dihasilkan adalah adsorpsi secara fis, Natural zeolite which is one of the relatively abundant mineral in Indonesia, could be one of alternative solutions that is easy to be found to resolve the issue of waste mining problem, especially waste of heavy metal ion of Cu(II). Thus, in this study, will be modified natural zeolite particularly from Citatah-Jawa Barat into hierarchical porous zeolite as an adsorbent of heavy metal ions Cu(II). Natural zeolite micropore size modified by using HCl (dealumination) to improve the Si/Al ratio and NaOH (desilication) to dissolve most of Si in the zeolite framework and direct formation of mesoporous zeolites. The ratio of Si/Al raw natural zeolite Citatah-Jawa Barat have increase become 6.32 from the early ratio of Si/Al around 3.62. Zeolite hierarchy (A4B1) with diameter pore is 32,2 nm increases the adsorption capacity of raw zeolite from 11.87 mg of Cu(II)/g zeolite become 28.12 mg of Cu(II)/gram A4B1, when added to Cu(II) 300 ppm at the optimum time 120 minutes. And the types of adsorption that occurs between heavy metal ions Cu(II) with hierarchy zeolite is physics adsorption, because R2 reached 0.9993 on Freundlich adsorption isotherm.]

Abstrak :
[Peningkatan gas CO2 menjadi masalah bagi lingkungan terutama dalam masalah iklim dunia. Konversi CO2 dilakukan dengan katalis deposit Cu yang diperoleh dari proses elektrodeposisi Cu pada elektroda emas. Elektrodeposisi Cu dipengaruhi bahan aditif yaitu Cl-, NH4+ dan polietilen glikol (PEG). Dilakukan variasi konsentrasi PEG dan didapatkan elektrodeposit Cu yang berbentuk foam. Konsentrasi ini mempengaruhi mikrostruktur elektrodeposit Cu. Pengujian elektrodeposit Cu dikarakterisasi dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dan Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope (EDS). Reduksi CO2 dilakukan pada potensial -1.57 V dalam cairan ionik 1-butil-3-metilimidazolium bis (triflorosulfonil) imida [BMIM][NTf2] dan ditambahkan CH3OH dan CH3I untuk membentuk dimetil karbonat. Produk yg dihasilkan dikarakterisasi menggunakan Gas Chromatograph., The increase of CO2 has become a major environmental problem especially on world’s climate issue. CO2 conversion can be produced with Cu deposit catalyst by electrodeposition of Cu on Au electrode. Electrodeposition of Cu influence by chemical additives such as NH4+, Cl- and polyethylene glycol (PEG). By using various concentration of PEG, Cu foam and pores can be produced and influence of microstructure electrodeposit of Cu. Cu foams were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope (EDS). The CO2 reduction occurred at potential -1,57 V in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide [BMIM][NTf2] with added CH3OH and CH3I to form dimethyl carbonate. Product then characterized by Gas Chromatograph.]

Abstrak :
[Daun kluwih Artocarpus camansi diketahui memiliki efek hipoglikemik Untuk melihat efek hipoglikemik tersebut dilakukan uji inhibisi ekstrak daun kluwih pada berbagai fraksi terhadap aktivitas enzim glukosidase secara in vitro Daya inhibisi ekstrak daun kluwih fraksi metanol air etil asetat dan air rebusan mengalami peningkatan seiring bertambahnya konsentrasi ekstrak Pada konsentrasi 100 ppm ekstrak daun fraksi etil asetat memiliki daya inhibisi lebih besar yaitu sebesar 47 37 Hasil uji toksisitas dari setiap fraksi dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test BSLT menunjukkan nilai LC50 terkecil terdapat pada ekstrak daun kluwih fraksi air rebusan yaitu sebesar 548 18 ppm diikuti oleh fraksi air 582 76 ppm fraksi etil asetat 712 17 ppm dan fraksi metanol 807 97 ppm Nilai LC50 tersebut berada di bawah 1000 ppm yang mengindikasikan bahwa semua fraksi bersifat toksik Hasil optimasi pemisahan komponen kimia dengan KLT ekstrak kluwih dari fraksi teraktif memberikan 3 spot dengan nilai Rf 0 16 0 29 dan 0 36 menggunakan eluen pada perbandingan 4 1 , Seeded breadfruit or kluwih Artocarpus camansi leaves are known to have hypoglycemic effects To see the hypoglycemic effect of inhibition test Artocarpus camansi leaf extract on various fractions of the glucosidase enzyme activity in vitro Percent inhibition Artocarpus camansi fraction of methanol extract of leaves water ethyl acetate and the cooking water increased with increasing concentrations of the extract At a concentration of 100 ppm the fraction of ethyl acetate extract of the leaves have a greater inhibitory power is equal to 47 37 The toxicity test of each fraction by the method of Brine Shrimp Lethality Test BSLT showed the smallest LC50 values contained in the leaf extract of fraction boiling water the amount of 548 18 ppm followed by fraction of water 582 76 ppm ethyl acetate fraction 712 17 ppm and methanol fraction 807 97 ppm The LC50 value is below 1000 ppm which indicates that all factions are toxic The result of optimization chemical component separation by TLC the most active Artocarpus camansi fractions gave 3 spots with Rf values is 0 16 0 29 and 0 36 using the eluent at a ratio of 4 1 ]

Abstrak :
Salah satu terapi untuk menurunkan hiperglikemik postprandial pada penderita diabetes melitus adalah dengan menghambat aktivitas α-glukosidase, yang dapat memperlambat penyerapan glukosa di saluran usus setelah makan. Penelitian terdahulu telah dilaporkan, bahwa ekstrak batang beligo (Benincasa hispida) yang diperoleh dengan metode maserasi diketahui memiliki efek inhibisi terhadap aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase. Pada peneltian ini dilakukan ekstraksi dengan metode ekstraksi soxhlet menggunakan pelarut etanol untuk memperoleh fraksi ekstrak batang beligo teraktif sebagi inhibitor α-glukosidase. Fraksi-fraksi yang diperoleh kemudian diuji efek toksisitasnya dengan metode BSLT. Ekstrak kasar batang beligo yang diperoleh dengan metode ini memberikan rendemen sebesar sebesar 51,88%. Persen inhibisi ekstrak batang beligo pada fraksi etil asetat konsentrasi 100 ppm, menunjukkan nilai yang lebih besar (42,27%) dibandingkan dengan fraksi etanol (13,32%) dan fraksi air (23,08%). Hasil uji toksisitas ekstrak batang dari semua fraksi diperoleh masing-masing nilai LC50 667,21 ppm untuk fraksi etanol, 590,28 ppm untuk fraksi etil asetat, dan 700,11 ppm untuk fraksi air. Pemisahan komponen kimia dari fraksi etil asetat dengan KLT dengan perbandingan eluen campuran n-heksana dengan etil asetat (4:1) menghasilkan 4 spot dengan nilai Rf yang dapat diterima, yaitu 0,44; 0,58; 0,70; dan 0,76. ......One of the theraphy to reduce postprandial hyperglycemic in patient which have diabetes mellitus is by inhibiting the activity of -glucosidase, which can slow the absorption of glucose in the gut after eating. Previous study have reported that the extract from stem of Beligo (Benincasa hispida) obtained by maceration method is known to have an inhibition effect to the activity of alpha-glucosidase enzyme. In this occasion, the study was extracted by soxhlet extraction method using ethanol to obtain a fraction of extract of beligo stem as the most-active -glucosidase inhibitors. The fractions were then tested the effect of toxicity by BSLT method. Extract of beligo stem which obtained by this method provides for yield of 51,88%. Percent inhibition of the extract on ethyl acetate fraction concentration of 100 ppm, indicating a larger value (42,27%) compared with the ethanol fraction (13,32%) and water fraction (23,08%). The toxicity test from all fractions obtained the value of LC50 respectively 667,21 ppm for the ethanol fraction, 590,28 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 700,11 ppm for water fraction. Seperation of chemical compenents of the ethyl acetate fraction by TLC with eluent ratio mixture of n-hexana with ethyl acetate (4:1) generate 4 spot with Rf values are acceptable, ie 0,44; 0,58; 0,70; and 0,76.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tugas akhir ini membahas mengenai distribusi Gamma-Pareto yang merupakan distribusi probabilitas kontinu yang diperoleh dengan melakukan metode transformed-transformer pada distribusi Gamma dan distribusi Pareto. Metode ini diperkenalkan oleh Alzaatreh. Distribusi Gamma-Pareto dapat mengatasi masalah kemencengan dan heavy-tail. Beberapa karakteristik distribusi akan dipelajari, seperti fungsi kepadatan probabilitas, fungsi distribusi, fungsi survival, fungsi hazard, modus, dan momen ke-r. Kemudian, dicari estimasi parameter dengan menggunakan metode alternatif maksimum likelihood. Pada akhirnya, data Birnbaum dan Saunders (1969) digunakan sebagai ilustrasi.

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ABSTRACT
This paper discusses about Gamma-Pareto distribution, the continued probability distribution which is obtained by using transformed-transformer method in Gamma and Pareto distribution. This method is introduced by Alzaatreh. Gamma- Pareto distribution can solve skewness and heavy-tail problem. First, some characteristics of distribution will be studied, such as probability density function, distribution function, survival function, hazard function, mode, and rth moment. Then, parameter estimation will also be studied by using alternative maximum likelihood. Finally, a set of data Birnbaum dan Saunders (1969) will be used as illustration.