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Abstrak :
This study entitled Business Contribution of Seaweed Cultivation in Expanding Employment and Improving Community Welfare in Pangkajene and Islands Districts. The formulation of the problem raised is how the contribution of seaweed cultivation in the Pangkajene and Islands Regency in order to expand employment and improve community welfare and what factors hinder seaweed cultivation in Pangkajene and Islands Districts. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The results showed that the contribution of seaweed cultivation in Pangkajene and Islands Regency was based on the findings that seaweed farming could improve the welfare of the community in the Pangkajene and Islands regencies. So that the utilization of seaweed in Pangkajen district can then be developed towards the commercial sector to be exported and traded as raw material for the manufacture of agar-agar or carrageenan. Factors that hamper seaweed cultivation in Pangkajene and Kepulauan Regency are related to providing business financing and business capital and natural factors because seaweed cultivation depends on seasons and inadequate seeds, so that seeds and capital are needed so that seaweed cultivation can be developed.

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The background of this paper is the fact of social, economical, and political change of Indonesian in the Reform and global era. It Includes changes in the context of defending state which in the past it was understood only as a military activity. The defending of state nowadays has a broader meaning in economic, social, and cultural context. The defending of state in the context of economy is more commitment to consume national products than to consume foreign product. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of defending the state in the economic context that involves people's habits of favoring foreign products, the impact of consumption patterns on selecting external products to foreign exchange reserves, and strategies that can be built to make people prefer national products. The method used in this paper is literature study that is studying references or previous studies related to this issue, and in-depth discussion with relevant sources. This has been done to confirm or improve an understanding the topic being written. The results of this studies are in the form of conclusions and recommendations to build the pattern of public consumption to prefer national products rather than foreign products.

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Indonesia is one of the countries which has many maritime security issues that needs to be managed appropriately through defense diplomacy approach, including the ASEAN framework. ADMM Plus on Maritime Security as the highest defense forum and dialog in ASEAN on maritime security issues is expected to be able to build confidence building measures and mutual trust between ASEAN member states and non-member states in solving maritime security issues. However, some goals have not been achieved due to many complex problems on maritime security in domestic sphere. This paper will use securitization theory, defense diplomacy concept, and maritime security concept for analyzing the maritime security issues in Indonesia which need securitization for supporting its defense diplomacy at ADMM Plus on Maritime Security. However, the securitization progress faced several challenges coming from various aspects, especially the habit of political leaders that only use maritime security as political instrument without concerning to the real security issues.

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Indonesia sea is approximately 2 per 3 wider than the mainland, with very strategic geographical posisition located at the cross point of Indian and Pacific Oceans. This geographical posisition serves as strategic route for shipping, with every shipment from the west to east and the opposite will sail through the Indonesian sea. This can be both opportunity or challenge, depending on how Indonesia will manage it. If the State did not manage it well, it will increase the maritime security threats, such as IUU fishing, smuggling, and piracy. These threats may seriously disrupt the marine economics development, given the limited number of armaments and personnel of marine law enforcement agencies. Therefore, the capacity of fishermen in assisting marine law enforcement agencies to prevent the maritime security threat is inevitable. This study uses descriptive qualitative method. There are two types of data sources, primary and secondary data sources. Primary sources is obtained through interview with stakeholders and fishermen organization, while secondary data source is obtained by literature study. The role of fishermen in assisting maritime law enforcement agencies, in this case PSDKP KKP and Navy, to prevent maritime security threats is prescribed role or recommended role. The prescribed role is shown by the community group program established by PSDKP and Coastal Development in Rural area which is established by the Navy. With this program, the fishermen can supply informations about maritime security threats to PSDKP and the Navy so that they can act immediately to prevent these threats.

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Marine resources as energy resources has become one means for the construction maritime power and unifying the region's defense for Indonesia. The geographical condition of Indonesia as an archipelagic country with the vast majority of territorial waters, as well as its strategic cross-position, becomes a fundamental source for sustainable energy development through the utilization of microalgae as a potential marine plant for biodiesel fuel, a diesel mix for Indonesian coastal communities. The research method in this study uses literature study and observation of previous authors' research, which will result in an analysis of energy objectives as supporting maritime defense that includes: (1) comprehensive understanding on the management and development of marine energy resources through the use of biodiesel from renewable energy of marine microalgae; (2) raising effective awareness and cooperation among the coastal communities, government and industry regarding the greatness of Indonesian history that has been built from the control over the oceans as a source of defense in developing energy security to support maritime defense.

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Illegal Immigrant is a common problem between Indonesia and Australia. However, in handling the problem in sea border, Indonesia take a humanitarian approach while Australia take security approach through Operation Sovereign Border that had resulted to diplomatic confrontation. Therefore, this study focus on analyzing synergy of the two countries in dealing with illegal immigrant in sea border area. This study uses national security, migration as security issue to analyze national interest. Cooperative security, defense diplomacy, synergy concept and naval diplomacy theory to analyze defense diplomacy implementation as a whole. The approach of this study is qualitative method through data collection processed by software NVivo which are beneficial for coding, triangulation, and finding relations among interviewees while Soft System Methodology used as data analysis technique consist of seven steps that are very comprehensive in explaining the whole study. The results of this study showed the two countries have not synergized yet. Indonesia and Australia have common non-traditional security interests and different traditional security interests because Indonesia has a territorial importance base opposed to Australian immigration interests. Indonesia and Australia have been doing bilateral defense diplomacy through 2 + 2 Dialogue, Defense Ministers Meeting and Navy to Navy Talk but have not produced a concrete solution, therefore sharing responsibility and Confidence Building Measures have not been achieved. Thus, naval diplomacy is required to support defense diplomacy through coordinated patrols that Standard Operating Procedure and Standard Exercise Procedure must be formulated in order to achieve interests of both countries.