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Abstrak :
This paper presents a study of sustainable rating systems for sustainable housing that have been developed by various countries around the world. The objective of this study is to develop a framework for a rating system for housing development by taking into account local requirements. There are numerous sustainable rating systems for buildings and groups of buildings that have been developed and rating tools like Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency (CASBEE), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), British Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), Green Building (GB) Tool and Green Star influential in the development of other rating systems. Malaysia has recently launched a rating system for buildings called the Green Building Index (GBI). However, Malaysia has yet to introduce a rating system for measuring sustainable practices in housing development. Hence, this paper reviews some available tools related to the rating of housing developments for the purpose of developing one for Malaysia. Important factors for developing a tool for measuring sustainability practices should include sustainability criteria that relates to the environment, society, economics, site/land use, communication, and transportation. An index for measuring sustainability in housing development will be developed to suit the local context. The formulated index will take into consideration the parameters in sustainable housing developed by various systems around the world. The index, called A Comprehensive Assessment System for Sustainable Housing (CASSH), will be available for further testing.

Abstrak :
The effect of rice husk ash produced at different grinding times on the engineering properties of concrete was studied. Eight rice husk ashes representing different grinding times were used in this investigation. Rice husk ash (RHA) was used to partially replace Port land cement Type I at 15% by weight of cementitious material. The compressive strength of concrete was designed to achieve grade 40 N/mm2 at 28 days. A superplasticizer was added to all mixes to provide workability in the range of 110-120 mm. However, the water to cement ratio (w/c) of the concrete was maintained at 0.49. Based on the results, the morphology of the rice husk ashes was changed by grinding. Optimum grinding time appeared to be approximately 90 minutes, during which time the compressive strength increased significantly. Generally, incorporation of RHA at various grinding times can dramatically decrease or increase the engineering properties of concrete.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Sebagian populasi lebih rentan untuk terserang penyakit arterosklerosis dibandingkan dengan populasi lain. Etnis India mempunyai mortalitas yang tinggi untuk penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) dibandingkan dengan etnis Cina dan Melayu. Antibodi terhadap oxLDL (Ab-oxLDL) diproduksi sebagai respons imun dan insidens PJK di berbagai etnis berhubungan dengan respon imun ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur kadar Ab-oxLDL dan kadar lipid di kalangan 3 etnis mayoritas di Malaysia. Metode: Penelitian ini melibatkan 150 subjek sehat di Malaysia yang terdiri dari 50 etnis Melayu, 50 etnis Cina dan 50 etnis India. Kadar Ab-oxLDL diukur dengan menggunakan metode enzim immunoassai dan kadar trigliserida dan kolesterol diukur dengan menggunakan metode enzimatik. HDL-kolesterol diukur menggunakan metode presipitasi dan LDL-kolesterol dihitung menggunakan formula Friedewald. Hasil: Kadar Ab-oxLDL [adjusted mean (95% CI)] paling tinggi dikalangan etnis Melayu [1404 (1202-1607) mU/mL] diikuti oleh etnis Cina [1026 (829-1223) mU/mL] dan India [954 (744-1163) mU/mL] (P = 0.006), sementara kadar HDL-C paling tinggi dikalangan etnis Cina [1.53 (1.44-1.61) mmol/L] dikuti oleh etnis Melayu [1.44 (1.35-1.53) mmol/L] dan India [1.35 (1.26-1.45) mmol/L] (P = 0.035). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa kadar Ab-oxLDL dan HDL-C berbeda-beda berdasarkan etnis dan Ab-oxLDL mungkin mempunyai sifat antiaterogenik dikalangan etnis Melayu.

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Abstract
Background: Some populations are more susceptible to atherosclerotic diseases than others. Indians had a higher mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD) than Chinese and Malays. Antibodies to oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ab-oxLDL) are produced as an immune response to oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). The difference in prevalence of CHD among the ethnic groups may be related to the immune response. The objectives of this study were to determine the serum Ab-oxLDL levels and lipid profile among the three major Malaysian ethnic groups. Methods: The participants of this study were 150 healthy subjects consisting of 50 Malays, 50 Chinese and 50 Indians. Serum Ab-oxLDL was measured by enzyme immunoassay method. Serum triglycerides and total cholesterol were measured by enzymatic methods. Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was measured by precipitation method and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using Friedewald formula. Results: AboxLDL level [adjusted mean (95% of CI)] was highest in Malays [1404 (1202-1607) mU/mL] followed by Chinese [1026 (829-1223) mU/mL] and Indians [954 (744-1163) mU/mL] (P = 0.006) and HDL-C level was highest in Chinese [1.53 (1.44-1.61) mmol/L] followed by Malays [1.44 (1.35-1.53) mmol/L] and Indians [1.35 (1.26-1.45) mmol/L] (P = 0.035). Conclusion: Our results indicate that Ab-oxLDL and HDL-C levels differed by ethnic and AboxLDL may have antiatherogenic properties among Malaysian ethnic groups.

Abstrak :
Convergence in prices or returns of assets with similar characteristics indicates that the financial market is integrated with regional markets. This paper is the first that test of the movements of interest rates in ASEAN banking sector for the period 1990 - 2012. The empirical analysis is based on a yearly panel of commercial bank interest rate data from 5 ASEAN countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. We assessed the degree and speed of interest rate convergence using beta and sigma convergence method. The findings show that the difference and the dispersion in the interbank rates have reduced since the Asian financial crisis and this trend has become stronger after the Global financial crisis. The findings of this study confirm that interest rates in the ASEAN banking sector are converging. This provides evidence that the ASEAN banking sector is ready for financial integration.

Abstrak :
Convergence in prices or returns of assets with similar characteristics indicates that the financial market is integrated with regional markets. This paper is the first that test of the movements of interest rates in ASEAN banking sector for the period 1990 - 2012. The empirical analysis is based on a yearly panel of commercial bank interest rate data from 5 ASEAN countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. We assessed the degree and speed of interest rate convergence using beta and sigma convergence method. The findings show that the difference and the dispersion in the interbank rates have reduced since the Asian financial crisis and this trend has become stronger after the Global financial crisis. The findings of this study confirm that interest rates in the ASEAN banking sector are converging. This provides evidence that the ASEAN banking sector is ready for financial integration.