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Abstrak :
Kawasan reklamasi mangrove Muara Angke Kapuk merupakan kawasan reklamasi yang tidak lepas dari imbas pencemaran sampah dan limbah di sekitar Cengkareng, Jakarta. Hal tersebut terlihat dari hampir seluruh sedimen yang berada di bawah pohon mangrove tertutup oleh timbunan plastik. Meski demikian, kawasan reklamasi ini masih memiliki beragam biota, sehingga diduga lingkungan ini masih memiliki daya dukung internal, terutama nutrien dari sedimen. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji kondisi nutrien pada sedimen kawasan reklamasi mangrove. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel air poros menggunakan modifikasi cawan bertingkat pada kedalaman sedimen 0-15 cm dengan interval kedalaman 2,5 cm, serta sampel sedimen dengan menggunakan ring tanah. Sampel air poros diukur Dissolve Oxygen (DO) dan konsentrasi amoniak, nitrit, nitrat, dan fosfat. Sampel sedimen digunakan untuk memperoleh nilai porositas. Data yang diperoleh digunakan dalam pembuatan profil konsentrasi secara vertikal, analisis fluks nutrien vertikal. Analis is fluks nutrien secara vertikal dilakukan dengan bantuan software QUAL2K version 2.11. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan distribusi vertikal dan fluks nutrien yang berbeda-beda, di mana amoniak dan fosfat mengalami influx dan peningkatan seiring dengan bertambahnya kedalaman sedimen, sedangkan nitrat mengalami efflux dan penurunan konsentrasi. Penghitungan fluks nitrit yang merupakan nutrien peralihan tidak dilakukan, namun konsentrasinya mengalami penurunan setelah kedalaman 2,5 cm. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa tingginya pencemaran di permukaan tidak menghalangi proses kimia alami sehingga kawasan reklamasi tersebut masih dapat memberi dukungan nutrisi bagi biota.

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The reclaimed mangrove estuary in Muara Angke Kapuk is a reclaimed area that has not evaded the impacted of pollution and waste in the areas surrounding Cengkareng, Jakarta. This is apparent from the fact that almost all sediments under the mangrove trees are buried under heaps of plastic trash. However, the reclaimed region still has variety of organism, which indicating that the region still has an internal carrying capacity, especially nutrients from sediment. The purpose of this research was to examine the condition of sediment nutrients in this mangrove reclamation region. The research was conducted by taking water samples using a modification of the stratified cup at a sediment depth of 0-15 cm with depth intervals of 2.5 cm, and taking sediment samples using the sediment ring. Pore water samples were measured for dissolved oxygen (DO) and concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate. Sediment samples were used to obtain porosity values. The data obtained is used to make vertical concentration profiles and analysis of vertical nutrient flux. Vertical nutrient flux analysis was performed with the aid of QUAL2K software version 2.11. The results showed different vertical distributions and flux of nutrients, where influx for ammonia and phosphate and an increase inline with increasing sediment depth, while nitrate efflux and a decreased concentration. The flux calculation of nitrite as transitory nutrient was not done, but the concentration decreased after a depth of 2.5 cm. This indicates that the high contamination on the surface does not prevent the natural chemical processes so the reclaimed region can still provide nutritional support for its organism.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Jamur endofitik Chrisonilia sitophila, Acremonium sp., dan Penicillium sp. telah diisolasi dari jaringan ranting tumbuhan kandis gajah. Ketiga strain kapang tersebut ditumbuhkan dalam 3 l medium potato dextrose broth (PDB) pada temperatur kamar selama 28 hari. Masing-masing biakan disaring untuk memisahkan miselium dan dilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi dan evaporasi. Semua ekstrak dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan berdasarkan aktivitas peredaman radikal bebas 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Ekstrak Acremonium sp. memiliki aktivitas yang kuat dengan nilai IC50 10,3μ g/ml yaitu setara dengan aktivitas asam askorbat dengan nilai IC50 9,8μ g/ml. Ekstrak aktif selanjutnya dikromatografi kolom dan diteruskan dengan rekromatografi hingga diperoleh senyawa antioksidan murni berupa minyak bewarna kuning. Struktur molekul ditentukan berdasarkan data spektroskopi yang meliputi 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, dan COSY. Senyawa hasil isolasi adalah golongan seskuiterpen yaitu 3,5-dihidroksi-2,5-dimetiltrideka-2,9,11-triena-,8-dion.

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Abstract
The endophytic fungi Chrisonilia sitophila, Acremonium sp., and Penicillium sp. have been isolated from the tissues of the twigs of kandis gajah. The fungal strains were grown in 3 l potato dextrose broth medium (PDB) at room temperature for 28 days. To extract the antioxidant compounds, the cultures broth were filtered for mycelia removal followed by extraction and evaporation. All of the extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant activities by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The extract of Acremonium sp. had strong activity with IC50 value of 10.3μ g/ml, which is equivalent to ascorbic acid activity with IC50 value of 9.8μ g/ml. The extract was subjected to column chromatography on Si gel twice to obtain a high purity antioxidant compound in the form of yellow oil. The molecular structure was determined based on spectroscopic data, including 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, and COSY. The compound was determined as sesquiterpene 3,5-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyltrideca-2,9,11-triene-4,8-dione.

Abstrak :
The endophytic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from the tissues of the fruits of Garcinia griffithii. The fungal strain was identified from the colony, and it was characteristic of cell morphol ogy. The ethyl acetate extracts derived from fungus cultures showed major spots on TLC under UV light, which was continued to the isolation of the secondary metabolites. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated on the basis of NMR analyses (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC and H-H COSY). The compounds were identified as: 4,6-dihydroxy, 3,8a-dimethyl-1-oxo-5-(3?-oxobutan-2?-yl)-1,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl-1?,2?-dimethyl-5?-(2??-methylprop-1??-enyl)cyclopentane-carboxylate.

Abstrak :
Tujuan mekanisme khasiat antibakteri minyak atsiri rimpang temu kunci belum pernah dilaporkan. Telah dilakukan analisis mekanisme aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri rimpang temu kunci yang berasal dari Yogyakarta terhadap Bacillus cereus. Aktivitas yang diamati meliputi kemampuan minyak atsiri temu kunci dalam mengganggu permeabilitas membran sel sehingga menyebabkan kebocoran sel dan perubahan morfologi sel. Kebocoran sel diamati dengan keluarnya ion Ca+2, K+, protein dan asam nukleat. Kebocoran ion diukur dengan metoda spektrometri serapan atom. Kebocoran protein diamati dengan alat spektrofotometer UV pada panjang gelombang 280 nm, sedangkan asam nukleat pada 260 nm. Perubahan morfologi sel diamati dengan alat scanning electron microscopy. Hasil Nilai minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) dari minyak atsiri temu kunci adalah 0,12 % (v/v). Perlakuan B.cereus dengan minyak atsiri 1 MIC dan 2 MIC memberi pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kebocoran sel dibanding kontrol (P<0.05). Ion K+ yang terlepas dari sel adalah 10.32-35.57%, dan ion Ca+2 adalah 15.05-41.54%. Protein yang teramati pada 280 nm menunjukkan absorbansi antara 0.6330-0.8670, sedangkan asam nukleat 0.4320-0.8307, dan semuanya berbeda bermakna dibanding kontrol (P<0.05). Pada pemberian 1 MIC minyak atsiri temu kunci sel B.cereus berubah menjadi lebih tebal, dengan lekukan-lekukan yang signifikan di seluruh sel. Pemberian 2 MIC minyak atsiri menyebabkan sel berubah menjadi transparan, kosong dan berpenampilan seperti ghost cell. Kesimpulan Minyak atsiri kaempheria pandurata menyebabkan kebocoran dan perubahan morfologi bakteri.

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Abstract
Aim The mechanism of temu kunci tuber essential oil potential as antimicrobial agent has not been reported. To analyze the mechanism of antibacterial activity of temu kunci tuber essential oil from Yogyakarta on B.cereus. Antibacterial activity of essential oil were analyzed for its ability to disrupt bacterial cell membrane, that caused cell leakage and altered the morphology of the bacteria. Leakage was measured by analyzing the Ca+2, K+ ion outflow using an atomic adsorption spectrometry (AAS), and protein and nucleic acid using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UVS) on 280 nm and 260 nm respectively. Alterations in morphology were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of temu kunci essential oil on B.cereus was 0.12% (v/v). Treatment of B. cereus using 1MIC and 2MIC showed significant leakage compared to control (P<0.05). The K+ and Ca+2 ion leakage from the bacterial cells were between 10.32-35.57% and 15.05-41.54% respectively and showed significant difference compared to control (P<0.05). The absorbance observed by UVS for protein and nucleic acid leakage were 0.6330-0.8670 at 280 nm and 0.4320-0.8307 at 260 nm, respectively, and were significantly different compared to control (P<0.05). Exposure of 1 MIC temu kunci essential oil on B.cereus caused thickening as well as irregularities on the cell wall. At 2 MIC cells seemed transparent, empty looking and showed a ghost-like appearance. Conclusion Kaempheria pondurata essential oil could cause leakage and alter the morphology of the bacteria.