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Abstrak :
The experiment was carried out to determine the chemical composition and digestibility of pond snail meal (PSM) in Thai native chicken (TNC) feed. Twenty-eight Thai native cocks. 25 weeks old (Paduhangdum Chiang Mai strain) were used. Three types of pond snail preparations were used to find the nutritive value of the pond snails. The treatments were 1- snail meat (without shell), 2. cooked dried (whole snail), and 3. raw dried (whole snail)- Nutrients digestibility were divided into 7 treatment groups (control, 5, 10 and 15% of cooked and snail meal) with 4 replications of one cock each. It was found that pond snail meat has the higher CP and EE than cooked and raw whole pond snail, but pond snail meat has lower CF, ash and Ca. The nutrients digestibility had no significant difference (p > 0.05) in DM and CP» EE and NFE; however, DM and NFE digestibility were the highest in 5% cooked pond snails. Whereas 10% cooked pond snail had the highest digestibility of CP and Ca and 15% raw pond snail had the highest EE digestibility. Pond snail meat has high protein but whole snail has high Ca. Levels at 10% cooked pond snail meal may be suitable for Thai native chicken feed.

Abstrak :
The genetic improvement of Eucalyptus species in Thailand has been developed at clone or variety levels. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Clone A5 and Clone D1 are two of the most planted varieties at Sa Kaeo province in the eastern region of Thailand. Thus, the selection of clones which emphasize economic traits is not sufficient anymore. Wood density and leaf functional traits should be emphasized also because these characteristics directly affect yields of plantation. The studied area was a six-year-old clone A5 and D1 plantation with spacing of 3 m. x 3 m. in the village of Sa Kaeo Province, in eastern Thailand.

The basic wood density (WD) of A5 and D1 was 0.7364 and 0.6345 g/cm3, respectively. Stem volume was 0.0512 and 0.0577 m3/tree and the stem dry mass was 28.10 and 26.50 kg/tree, respectively. Although the stem volume of A5 was less than Dl, their WD had significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) because the WD of A5 was higher than Dl. Furthermore, the A5 provided more stem dry mass than Dl, equal to 30.95 and 28.40 ton per hectare, respectively. For the leaves slenderness, A5 and Dl were 1.18and 1.19 respectively, which had insignificant difference (p > 0.05) and the specific leaf weight was 0.0135 and 0.0120 g/cm2 .respectively, which had a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). These results indicated that the leaf thickness of A5 was more than Dl. It was affected positively by photosynthesis The results suggest that wood density of stem and thickness of leaves in this study could be used further to improve the genetic Eucalyptus.

Abstrak :
The textile industry is considered one of the industries with high accident rates that lead to less job satisfaction, high compensation cost, bad industry image, and low productivity. To reduce the number of accidents, a sound and practical safety implementation must be encouraged. Since management and employees are key input to enhance productivity, this study investigates the relationships between safety implementation and productivity. A total of 28 items associated with three key factors, namely the People, People Results, and Productivity factors are used for a questionnaire survey development. Three hundred questionnaires are distributed, with 130 questionnaires returned, representing a 43.3 response rate. The exploratory factor analysis confirms four key factors with their associated items. The structural equation modelling proves a significant relationship between the People (Management) and People ✓Employee) factors. It is also found that these two factors have no direct relationship with the Productivity factor, but an indirect relationship through the People Results factor. To enhance the productivity, hence, management has to empower employees with a practical safety implementation plan, establish a safety committee, and enhance safety communication in the workplace Employees, on the other hand, should participate in safety activities, help each other in improving safety, and comply with safety rules. All of these lead to higher job satisfaction, lower turnover, less rework, and eventually increased productivity.

Abstrak :
A series of alkaloids isolated from the roots of N. orientalis is investigated for the inhibitory activities on in vitro agonists induced human platelet aggregation. Human platelet samples were obtained to investigate the anti-platelet activity by high throughput 96-well microtiter plate format. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA), thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 (TRAP-6) were used as agonists for in vitro human platelet aggregation. All alkaloids were inactive in the AA induced platelet aggregation. Compound 2 was the only alkaloid to inhibit ADP induced platelet aggregation with the IC50 value of 27.01 ± 7.67 pM and was more potent than the standard drug, ibuprofen (p < 0.05). The compounds 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7 were more potent than the standard drug to inhibit thrombin induced platelet aggregation with the IC50 values of 3.05 ± 0.22,4.41 ± 0.47,7.50 ± 0.22,45.69 ± 1.74 and 4.89 ±0.13 pM (p < 0.05), respectively. None of the potent alkaloids in thrombin- mediated platelet aggregation exhibited the inhibitory effect in TRAP-6 induced platelet aggregation. Compound 2 could inhibit platelet aggregation through the interference of platelet purinergic receptors (P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors). Moreover, compounds 1, 3,4, 5 and 7 could have inhibitory effects on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation through the proteolytic inhibition without the interferences of ligand-receptor interaction.

Abstrak :
Drug-polymer miscibility is a prerequisite for a stable solid dispersion. In this study, the miscibility of ibuprofen and the polymers, i.e., Eudragit® RL (ERL) and ethylcellulose (EC), were investigated by DSC. Ibuprofen in ERL solid dispersion at 0 - 100 %w/w was examined by the heating program: 25 - 140 °C, 10 K/min; 140 - (-60) °C, -10 K/min; and (-60) - 140 °C, 5 K/min. Solid dispersion of ibuprofen in EC at the same concentration range was examined by the heating program: 25 - 180 °C, 10 K/min; 180 - (-60) °C, -10 K/min; and (-60) - 180 °C, 5 K/min. The melting point depression and the variation of a single glass transition temperature (Tg) as a function of composition were presented in solid dispersion of ibuprofen in either ERL or EC, indicating the miscibility between blend components. Fitting the melting point of ibuprofen in either ERL or EC (Tmb) to Nishi-Wang equation by nonlinear regression analysis gave R2 equal to 0.8768 and 0.9667, respectively. Fitting experimental Tg to Gordon-Taylor and Kwei equations gave R2 equal to 0.9796 and 0.9851 for ibuprofen in ERL and 0.9753 and 0.9793 for ibuprofen in EC. The Kwei equation seemed to be better for describing the Tg of the blends, indicating the interaction between ibuprofen and the polymers, i.e., ERL and EC, which was confirmed by FTIR analysis. However, the non-randomness of residuals suggested that Nishi- Wang, Gordon-Taylor, and Kwei could not completely explain the Tmb and Tg of the blends.