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Abstrak :
Ulkus diabetikum merupakan salah satu komplikasi kronis diabetes melitus dan menjadi penyebab amputasi kaki. Infeksi pada ulkus tersebut umumnya disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus. Salah satu teknik pencegahan amputasi kaki diabetes adalah perawatan ulkus. Berbagai jenis bahan kompres ulkus diabetikum yang telah dikenal selama ini adalah:kompres madu, gula, Iodine, dan NaCl 0,9%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektifitas bahan kompres ulkus terhadap daya hambat Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen in vitro menggunakan satu faktor perlakuan yaitu zona hambat bahan kompres terhadap Staphylococcus aureus pada ulkus diabetikum. Enam jenis bahan yang diuji adalah aquadest, gula, Iodine 10%, campuran gula dan Iodine 10 %, madu, dan NaCl 0,9 %. Eksperimen dilakukan sebanyak 10 kali untuk mengetahui rerata luas daya hambatnya selama 24 jam. Sampel diambil dari ulkus diabetikum. Staphylococcus aureus diisolasi dari ulkus tersebut untuk eksperimen dengan berbagai bahan kompres ulkus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zona hambat madu rata-rata sebesar 0,4 mm, gula 3,0 mm, aquadest 0,0 mm, NaCl 0,9% 0,0 mm, Iodine 10% 8,3 mm dan campuran gula-Iodine 6,0 mm. Zona hambat terluas dihasilkan dari uji menggunakkan Iodine 10% (8,3 mm). Sementara campuran gula Iodine 10% menghasilkan zona hambat seluas 6 mm dan gula menghasilkan 3 mm. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan jika ditemukan Staphylococcus aureus maka dilakukan kompres Iodine 10% dengan kasa steril. Penelitian selanjutnya dengan metode in vivo perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektifitas cairan Iodine pada ulkus diabetikum.

Effectivity of Iodine Compress to Blocking Zone of Staphylococcus aureus in Diabetes Ulcers. Diabetic foot ulcers is one of diabetes chronic complications that might lead to leg amputations. Staphylococcus aureus is known as the cause of infection in diabetic foot ulcers. One of techniques to prevent diabetic foot amputations is wound care. Various materials are known to be used to compress diabetic foot ulcers. These include of using honey, sugar, 10% of Iodine and 0.9% of NaCl. This study aimed ttify to identify the effectiveness of various wound care materials to block Staphylococcus aureus. This is an in vitro experiment study to investigate the effetiveness of six wound care materials used to wounds compress: distilled water, sugar, 10% of Iodine, a mixture of sugar and Iodine, honey and 0.9% of NaCl. Experiments were carried out in 10 times to determine the average size of block area in 24 hours. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and soiled with various wound compressss materialls. The results showed that honey produced 0.4 mm of a blocking zone, 3.0 mm for glucose, 0.0 mm for distilled water, 0.0 mm for 0.9% of NaCl, 8.3 mm for 10% of Iodine, and 6.0 mm for mixed-Iodine Sugar. Ten percents of Iodine produced the widest zone to block Staphylicoccus aureus. This study recommends of apllying a 10% of Iodine compress if there is a positive culture of Staphylococcus aureus. A further in vivo study is a necessity to investigate the effectiveness of Iodine to diabetes foot ulcers.

Abstrak :
Prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek di Indonesia masih tinggi dan menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh pelbagai faktor secara langsung dan tidak langsung serta berdampak luas dan berkelanjutan dalam siklus kehidupan. Penelitian menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 dengan pendekatan potong lintang bertujuan mengetahui mekanisme hubungan berbagai variabel laten terhadap prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek. Sampel adalah 497 kabupaten yang diagregat dari data individu, yaitu anak lahir dari ibu berusia 15 hingga 49 tahun dengan kriteria anak kandung dan lahir tunggal. Pemodelan menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling. Kehamilan berisiko tinggi berhubungan positif langsung dengan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek (r = 0,279; nilai p = 0,014). Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan berhubungan positif tidak langsung dengan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek melalui kehamilan berisiko tinggi (r = 0,135; nilai p = 0,029). Sosial ekonomi tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek (r = -0,087; nilai p = 0,156), namun akan berhubungan bila melalui mekanisme hubungan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan (r = 0,653; nilai p = 0,0001) dan kehamilan berisiko tinggi (r = 0,759; nilai p = 0,0001). Upaya intervensi perlu difokuskan pada pencegahan kehamilan berisiko tinggi melalui perbaikan status gizi dan kesehatan ibu sejak usia remaja untuk menurunkan prevalensi panjang badan lahir pendek.

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The prevalence of short birth length in Indonesia still high and it becomes a public health problem caused by any direct and indirect factors as well as having a wide and sustainable effect in life cycle. The study used Basic health system (Riskesdas) 2013 data with a cross-sectional approach aiming to find out the mechanism of the relation between any latent variables to the short birth length prevalence. Samples were 497 districts aggregated from individual data that were children children born by 15 - 49 year-old mothers with biological children and single birth criteria. The modelling used Structural Equation Modeling. High-risk pregnancy had a direct positive relation with the prevalence of short birth length (r = 0.279; p value= 0.014). The use of health services had an indirect positive relation with short birth length prevalence through high-risk pregnancy (r = 0.135; p value= 0.029). Social economy did not have any significant relation with the prevalence of short birth length (r = -0.087; p value = 0.156), but would be related if through the mechanism of health service use (r = 0.653 ; p value = 0.0001) and high-risk pregnancy (r = 0.759 ; p value = 0.0001). Efforts of intervention need to be focused on prevention of high-risk pregnancy through improvement of nutritional and health status of mothers since teenager in order to reduce short birth length prevalence.

Abstrak :
Kasus frambusia yang tercatat di Puskesmas Bondo Kodi Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) terus meningkat dari 174 kasus tahun 2009 menjadi 327 kasus pada tahun 2010 dan 369 kasus pada tahun 2011. Pada tahun 2012, frambusia tertinggi terjadi di Desa Mali Iha di Kecamatan Bondo Kodi dengan 43 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor lingkungan, perilaku, dan pengetahuan masyarakat yang berhubungan dengan kejadian penyakit frambusia pada anak-anak. Penelitian observasional ini menggunakan rancangan studi kasus-kontrol, dengan kondisi sarana air bersih (SAB), perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang frambusia sebagai variabel bebas. Sampel penelitian adalah 30 orang anak yang menderita frambusia (kasus) dan 30 orang anak sehat (kontrol) yang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Data dan informasi mengenai SAB, praktik PHBS, dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang frambusia didapatkan dengan observasi dan wawancara, kemudian dianalisis dengan uji kai kuadrat. Ditemukan, secara statistik kejadian frambusia berhubungan bermakna dengan kondisi SAB (OR = 15,16 dan nilai p = 0,035) dan PHBS (OR = 7 dan nilai p = 0,048), tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang frambusia (nilai p = 0,283). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kondisi SAB dan PHBS merupakan faktor risiko frambusia.

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Frambusia cases recorded at Bondo Kodi Primary Health Care in Sumba Barat Daya District, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) were continously increasing from 174 in 2009 to 327 in 2010 and 369 in 2011. In 2012, the highest frambusia occurred in Mali Iha Village with 43 cases. The present research was to define environmental, behavioural, and knowledge factors associated with the frambusia in children. This observational study employed case-control design with condition of clean water source, practices of personal hygiene and health behavior, and community knowledge about frambusia as independent variables. Samples were 30 children with frambusia (cases) and 30 healthy children (control) who were selected using purposive sampling. Data and information on environmental condition, behavioral practices, and community knowledge were collected by interview and direct observation and were analyzed using chi-square test. It was found that statistically the frambusia cases were associated significantly with the condition of clean water source (OR = 15.16, p value = 0.035) and personal hygiene and healthy behavior (OR = 7, p value = 0.048), but were not associated with community knowledge (p value = 0.283). It concludes that condition of clean water sources and personal hygiene and healthy behavior are risk factors of frambusia in children.

Abstrak :
Usia remaja merupakan salah satu kelompok umur rentan terhadap masalah gizi sebagai akibat riwayat lahir dan status gizi buruk sebelumnya yang konsekuensinya buruk dalam daur hidup berikutnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) dengan desain stu- di longitudinal, bertujuan memperoleh model prediksi IMT remaja berdasar- kan riwayat lahir dan status gizi anak. Sampel berjumlah 837 balita dipilih secara multistage random sampling. Riwayat lahir diukur dari berat lahir dan umur kehamilan. Pengukuran status gizi dilakukan mulai balita sampai re- maja (15 _ 19 tahun). Analisis menggunakan regresi logistik multinomial. Rata-rata berat lahir bayi perempuan 147 gram lebih rendah dibandingkan bayi laki-laki. Terdapat 7,4% berat bayi lahir rendah, dengan prevalensi ter- tinggi pada perempuan (9,3%). Terdapat masalah gizi ganda pada balita yaitu 47% stunting, 29,7% underweight, 10% wasting, dan 13,9% gemuk/obesitas. Sebesar 51,7% balita mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dengan stunting sebagai kontribusi terbesar. Risiko remaja gemuk/obesitas diprediksi dari kelahiran prematur, stunting usia 8 _ 12 tahun, dan gemuk/obesitas usia 8 _ 12 tahun. Risiko remaja kurus diprediksi dari IMT kurus saat berusia 5 _ 9 tahun dan usia 8 _ 12 tahun. Perlu intervensi yang diprioritaskan pada remaja perempuan untuk mencegah kelahiran prematur dan fetal programming, serta evaluasi program Pemberian Makan Tambahan (PMT) pada balita yang lebih memfokuskan pada penambahan berat badan tanpa mempertimbangkan tinggi badan.

Adolescents is one of the age groups vulnerable to nutritional problems as a result of poor birth history and nutritional status, and then have bad con- sequences the next life cycle. Research using data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) with longitudinal study designs to predict adolescent body mass index based on the history of birth and child nutritional status. Sample Model Prediksi Indeks Massa Tubuh Remaja Berdasarkan Riwayat Lahir dan Status Gizi Anak Prediction Model for Adolescent Body Mass Index Based on the Birth History and Children Nutrition Status Demsa Simbolon consisted of 837 children selected by multistage random sampling. History of birth measured from birth weight and gestational age. Measurement of nutritional status was conducted from under five years children to adoles- cence (15 _ 19 years). Analysis using multinomial logistic regression. Average birth weight women 147 grams lower than men. There is a 7.4% LBW, with the highest prevalence in women (9.3%). There are multiple nu- tritional problems are 47 % stunting, 29.7% underweight, 10% wasting, and 13.9% overweight/obesity. 51.7% of children under five years of growth fal- tering, stunting as the highest contribution. The risk of overweight/obesity adolescent can be predicted from the premature birth, stunted aged 8 _ 12 years, and overweight/obese aged 8 _ 12 years. Risk of underweight ado- lescents predicted from underweight aged 5 _ 9 years and 8 _ 12 years. It should be prioritized intervention in young women to prevent preterm birth, as well as the evaluation of the supplementary feeding programs are more focused on weight gain without considering the height.

Abstrak :
Usia remaja merupakan salah satu kelompok umur rentan terhadap masalah gizi sebagai akibat riwayat lahir dan status gizi buruk sebelumnya yang konsekuensinya buruk dalam daur hidup berikutnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) dengan desain studi longitudinal, bertujuan memperoleh model prediksi IMT remaja berdasarkan riwayat lahir dan status gizi anak. Sampel berjumlah 837 balita dipilih secara multistage random sampling. Riwayat lahir diukur dari berat lahir dan umur kehamilan. Pengukuran status gizi dilakukan mulai balita sampai remaja (15 - 19 tahun). Analisis menggunakan regresi logistik multinomial. Rata-rata berat lahir bayi perempuan 147 gram lebih rendah dibandingkan bayi laki-laki. Terdapat 7,4% berat bayi lahir rendah, dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada perempuan (9,3%). Terdapat masalah gizi ganda pada balita yaitu 47% stunting, 29,7% underweight, 10% wasting, dan 13,9% gemuk/obesitas. Sebesar 51,7% balita mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dengan stunting sebagai kontribusi terbesar. Risiko remaja gemuk/obesitas diprediksi dari kelahiran prematur, stunting usia 8 - 12 tahun, dan gemuk/obesitas usia 8 - 12 tahun. Risiko remaja kurus diprediksi dari IMT kurus saat berusia 5 - 9 tahun dan usia 8 - 12 tahun. Perlu intervensi yang diprioritaskan pada remaja perempuan untuk mencegah kelahiran prematur dan fetal programming, serta evaluasi program Pemberian Makan Tambahan (PMT) pada balita yang lebih memfokuskan pada penambahan berat badan tanpa mempertimbangkan tinggi badan.

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Adolescents is one of the age groups vulnerable to nutritional problems as a result of poor birth history and nutritional status, and then have bad consequences the next life cycle. Research using data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) with longitudinal study designs to predict adolescent body mass index based on the history of birth and child nutritional status. Sample Model Prediksi Indeks Massa Tubuh Remaja Berdasarkan Riwayat Lahir dan Status Gizi Anak Prediction Model for Adolescent Body Mass Index Based on the Birth History and Children Nutrition Status consisted of 837 children selected by multistage random sampling. History of birth measured from birth weight and gestational age. Measurement of nutritional status was conducted from under five years children to adolescence (15 - 19 years). Analysis using multinomial logistic regression. Average birth weight women 147 grams lower than men. There is a 7.4% LBW, with the highest prevalence in women (9.3%). There are multiple nutritional problems are 47 % stunting, 29.7% underweight, 10% wasting, and 13.9% overweight/obesity. 51.7% of children under five years of growth faltering, stunting as the highest contribution. The risk of overweight/obesity adolescent can be predicted from the premature birth, stunted aged 8 - 12 years, and overweight/obese aged 8 - 12 years. Risk of underweight adolescents predicted from underweight aged 5 - 9 years and 8 - 12 years. It should be prioritized intervention in young women to prevent preterm birth, as well as the evaluation of the supplementary feeding programs are more focused on weight gain without considering the height.

Abstrak :
Flu burung di Indonesia masih merupakan masalah kesehatan. Tahun 2005-2008 terdapat 30 kasus suspek flu burung di Kabupaten Tangerang, meliputi 18 kasus confirmed dan 16 kasus meninggal (case fatality rate = CFR 87,5%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya pencegahan flu burung di tengah masyarakat Kecamatan Cikupa, Curug, Pasar Kemis dan Sepatan, Kabupaten Tangerang pada tahun 2009. Penelitian ini meng- gunakan data sekunder dari Yayasan Bangun Indonesia, yang dilakukan terhadap masyarakat dengan sumber informasi terdiri dari ibu rumah tang- ga, remaja, tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat dan peternak. Survei dilakukan terhadap pengetahuan reponden tentang flu burung, kebersihan perora- ngan responden, sanitasi makanan, dan sanitasi lingkungan. Jumlah sam- pel 320 responden yang diperoleh dari 4 Kecamatan. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pengetahuan responden tentang flu burung masih belum baik (62,2%), kebersihan perorangan terkait flu burung masih buruk (57,1%), sanitasi makanan bersumber unggas belum baik (61%) dan se- cara umum semua variabel sanitasi lingkungan sudah baik, hanya sanitasi kandang unggas yang sebagian besar masih buruk (57,1%). Penghasilan rata-rata masyarakat Tangerang yang masih rendah, menyebabkan pe- ngeluaran mereka masih diprioritaskan untuk membeli kebutuhan pokok rumah tangga daripada pencegahan flu burung.

Avian Influenza is still a major health problem in Indonesia. In Tangerang district within the period of 2005-2008, 30 suspect cases were found, 18 confirmed. Sixteen (16) died because of this disease (case fatality rate = 87,5%). The objective of this research was to study prevention measures to- wards Avian Influenza within the community at Cikupa, Curug, Pasar Kemis and Sepatan sub-districts, Tangerang in 2009. A descriptive study was ca- rried out towards community involving the households, teenagers; religious leader, community leader and poultry business as selected respondent. Information to collect consisted of knowledge about Avian Influenza, per- sonal hygiene, food sanitation based on bird and environmental sanitation. Total of sample were 320 respondents from each sub-District. Data were taken from secondary data of Bangun Indonesia Foundation as research executor. This research found that more than a half of respondents (62.2%) have good knowledge about AI, (57.1%) about personal hygiene related to Avian Influenza, 61% about food sanitation based on bird were good enough (61%). In general environmental sanitation variables were some- what good except for cage where 51% still bad. In the effort to prevent Avian Influenza in Cikupa, Curug, Pasar Kemis, and Sepatan communities, Tangerang District, 2009, one of variables were still poor (57.1%) that was sanitation of bird cages. Avian Influenza cases in Tangerang District is still high, due to non supportive people behavior and poor environment sanita- tion proven by poor sanitation of bird?s nest. Low household income of Tangerang district?s people, bringing about them to spend more on basic goods rather than Avian Influenza preventive action.