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Abstrak :
The purpose of this study is to evaluate performance and volatility of Islamic and conventional stock indices along with their determinant factor variables in Indonesia. The study adopts: (1) Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to compare the performance of the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) to represent Islamic index and LQ45 to represent the conventional, (2) beta calculation to measure volatility, and (3) Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to capture the determinants and the reason behind the outperformance. The data coverage is from January 2006 to November 2015. The study finds that: (1) There is no significant difference on performance between JII and LQ45, (2) JII is less volatile than LQ45, except in 2010, and (3) JII performance is less affected by external factorsexcept for crude oil price. Moreover, the result implies challenge for the authorities to educate society, particularly whom concern to shari?ah principles, with information that Islamic index performance is not much difference from conventional index and less volatile.

Abstrak :
Artikel berikut ini membahas tentang kelompok kekerasan dalam kaitannya dengan akses terhadap hak atas keamanan di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Kelompok kekerasan dalam artikel ini didefinisikan sebagai ‘kelompok keamanan informal’ untuk membedakannya dengan entitas keamanan formal yang dimiliki oleh negara seperti polisi dan tentara. Saya menawarkan alternatif interpretasi yang berbeda dengan penjelasan yang sudah umum terhadap keberadaan kelompok kekerasan informal. Sebagian besar penelitian terdahulu cenderung menempatkan kelompok kekerasan informal hanya sebagai aktor antagonis atau elemen predatoris dalam proses demokratisasi. Dengan mengacu kepada konsep yang digagas oleh Asef Bayat tentang social non-movement, saya berargumen bahwa kelompok keamanan informal di Lombok merupakan cara orang-orang biasa untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya ketika akses terhadap hak atas keamanan dan keadilan tidak tersedia, meskipun berada di antara batas aktivitas legal dan ilegal. Akan tetapi, kelompok-kelompok seperti itu rentan digunakan oleh elit lokal untuk memperoleh kepentingan politik tertentu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan wawancara dan penelusuran arsip/dokumen. ......This essay discusses vigilante groups in relation to access for rights to security, particularly in Central Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Vigilante groups are defined as 'informal security groups' to distinguish them from formal security entities owned by the state such as the police and military. I propose an alternative interpretation toward the existence of informal security groups that is different from mainstream explanation. Most of the literatures have a strong tendency to categorize informal security groups merely as antagonist actors and a predatory element in the process of democratization in Indonesia. By referencing Asef Bayat’s notion of social non-movement, I argue that informal security group, in Lombok particularly, is one way ordinary people seek to improve their quality of life when security and access to justice are not available, resulting in a blurred line between legal and illegal activity. However, these groups are susceptible to be used by the local elites to achieve particular political interests. This research used qualitative methods, including interviews and archival research.

Abstrak :
(+)-2,2?-Epicytoskyrin A, a bis-anthraquinone isolated from fungal endophyte Diaporthe sp. GNBP-10 associated with Uncaria gambir Roxb., was investigated for its antifungal activity. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against 22 yeast strains and three filamentous fungi. The MICs of (+)-2,2?-epicytoskyrin A ranged from 16 to 128 μg/mL, which exhibited lower activity than the antifungal nystatin. A study of the mechanism of action revealed similar effects of (+)-2,2?-epicytoskyrin A and nystatin on Candida tropicalis at their MICs (16 and 8 μg/mL, respectively) and 2 times of the MIC. Both compounds caused cytoplasmic material and ion leakages on fungal cell, which were characterized by an increase in absorbance at 260 nm and 280 nm as well as Ca2+ and K+ ion concentrations. The morphology of the fungal cells after (+)-2,2?-epicytoskyrin A treatment was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The control cells, which were not treated with either (+)-2,2?- epicytoskyrin A or nystatin, showed a smooth surface, while the cells treated with either (+)-2,2?-epicytoskyrin A or nystatin shrank and displayed a donut-like shape. More shrinkage was observed in the 2 times MIC concentration and even more in the cells exposed to nystatin. The action of (+)-2,2?-epicytoskyrin A was proposed through membrane disruption.

Aktivitas Antijamur (+)-2,2?-Episitoskirin A dan Aksi Disrupsi Membran. (+)-2,2?-Episitoskirin A, suatu senyawa bis-antrakuinon yang diisolasi dari jamur endofit Diaporthe sp. GNBP-10 yang berasosiasi dengan Uncaria gambier Roxb., telah diuji aktivitas antifungi-nya. Metode mikrodilusi cair digunakan untuk menentukan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) terhadap 22 strain khamir dan tiga strain kapang. KHM dari (+)-2,2?-episitoskirin A berkisar antara 16 hingga 128 μg/mL, menunjukkan aktivitas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan antijamur nistatin. Studi terhadap mekanisme kerja dari senyawa uji menunjukkan bahwa (+)-2,2?-episitoskirin A dan nistatin memiliki efek yang serupa terhadap Candida tropicalis pada konsentrasi KHM (16 dan 8 μg/mL) dan dua kali KHM-nya. Keduanya menyebabkan terjadinya kebocoran material sitoplasmik dan ion pada sel khamir yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya absorban pada panjang gelombang 260 nm dan 280 nm, serta meningkatnya konsentrasi ion Ca2+ dan K+. Morfologi dari sel khamir setelah diberi perlakuan diamati di bawah Scanning Electron Microscope. Sel kontrol yang tidak diberi perlakuan, baik dengan (+)-2,2?-episitoskirin A maupun nistatin, menunjukkan permukaan yang halus, sementara sel yang diberi perlakuan dengan (+)-2,2?-episitoskirin A dan nistatin masing-masing mengalami pengerutan dan berbentuk seperti donat. Pengerutan sel ini bertambah pada konsentrasi 2 kali KHM dan semakin bertambah pada sel yang diberi perlakuan dengan nistatin. Dari studi yang dilakukan, mekanisme kerja dari (+)-2,2?-episitoskirin A diduga melalui perusakan pada membran sel.