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Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan sintesis senyawa 2-amino-N-fenil benzamida yang merupakan zat antara pembentukan analog senyawa hasil isolasi 7-hidroksi-5H-fenanthridin-6-on (senyawa 5H- fenanthridin-6-on). Sintesis senyawa 2-amino-N-fenil benzamida dilakukan melalui dua tahap reaksi, yaitu tahap pertama reaksi amidasi antara asam o-nitro benzoat dengan tionil klorida. Klorida asam yang terbentuk langsung direaksikan dengan anilin tanpa isolasi menghasilkan senyawa 2-nitro-N-fenil benzamida sebesar 84, 42 %. Reaksi tahap kedua dengan reduksi gugus nitro menjadi amina menggunakan Fe/HCl dilanjutkan netralisasi dengan basa menghasilkan senyawa 2-amino-N-fenil benzamida sebesar 79,01 %. Proses pemurnian hasil sintesis secara secara kromatografi kolom dan rekristalisasi serta diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan FT-IR dan LC-MS. Uji aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel leukemia L1210 senyawa 2-nitro-N-fenil benzamida dan 2-amino-N-fenil benzamida, masing-masing mempunyai nilai IC50 sebesar 29,46 dan 26,90 g/ml. ...... Have performed the synthesis of 2-amino-N-phenyl benzamide (which is an intermediate formation of analog isolated compounds 7-hydroxy-5H-fenanthridin-6-one (compound 5H-fenanthridin-6-one). Synthesis of 2-amino-N-phenyl benzamide done through a two-stage reaction, the first step amidation reaction between o-nitro benzoic acid with thionyl chloride. Chloride acid is formed directly without isolation was reacted with aniline to produce compounds 2-nitro-N-phenyl benzamide by 84, 42%. The second stage of the reduction reaction of nitro groups to amines using Fe/HCl followed by neutralization of alkaline compounds produce 2-amino-N-phenyl benzamide was 79.01%. The purification process results in the synthesis of recrystallization and column chromatography and identified using FT-IR and LC-MS. Test cytotoxic activity against L1210 leukemia cells compound 2-nitro-N-phenyl benzamide and 2-amino-N-phenyl benzamide, each having an IC50 value of 29.46 and 26.90 g/ml.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Integral Henstock-Kurzweil merupakan hasil dari perkembangan integral Riemann. Dalam tulisan ini akan ditunjukkan bagaimana sifat-sifat integral Riemann dan Integral Henstock-Kurzweil dari fungsi bernilai di ruang Banach. Selain itu, akan ditunjukkan perbandingan antara integral Riemann dan integral Henstock-Kurzweil untuk fungsi bernilai di ruang Banach berdimensi takhingga.

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ABSTRAK
Henstock-Kurzweil integrable is Generalized Riemann integrable. In this paper, will show the property of Riemann integrable and Henstockk-Kurzweil integrable of function Banach-valued. And comparison Riemann integrable and Henstock- Kurzweil integrable for infinite Banach space.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Aplikasi atribut seismik 3D dan sifat fisik batuan telah dapat memodelkan reservoar A Formasi Ledok Lapangan X Blok Cepu. Beberapa atribut seismik yang sesuai untuk mengidentifikasi penyebaran reservoar dilapangan ini adalah root mean square (rms), sweetness, dan impedansi akustik relatif. Dimana ketiga atribut seismik tersebut memperlihatkan suatu anomali amplitudo berupa bright spot yang diidentifikasi sebagai reservoar A dan memperlihatkan pola penyebaran berarah selatan-utara. Fasies reservoar A yang merupakan batugamping pasiran adalah reservoar yang sangat baik dalam menyimpan hidrokarbon gas dengan porositas 19% dan saturasi air sebesar 40%. Adanya faktor ketidakpastian dalam penentuan batas penyebaran reservoar A dari atribut seismik, model reservoar A di bagi menjadi tiga bagian yaitu perkiraan optimis (P90), perkiraan sedang (P50) dan perkiraan pesimis (P10). Keberadaan hidrokarbon gas di Lapangan X dikontrol oleh suatu perangkap stratigrafi bukan perangkap struktur hal ini terlihat dari tidak adanya tutupan (klosur). Berdasarkan sebaran reservoar melalui integrasi atribut seismik, properti batuan dan model reservoar diusulkan 4 (empat) sumur pemboran untuk mengembangkan lapangan gas X.

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ABTRACT
Application of 3D seismic attributes and physical properties of reservoir rocks have been to model the formation Ledok A Field X Cepu Block. The seismic attributes, which can be used to identify distribution of the reservoir in this field were the root mean square (rms), sweetness, and relative acoustic impedance. The attributes of the seismic amplitude anomaly shows a bright spot in the form identified as reservoars A and show the pattern of northsouth trending deployment. A reservoir facies which is a sandy limestone reservoir was very good at keeping a hydrocarbon gas with 19% porosity and water saturation of 40%. The existence of uncertainty in the determination of reservoir distribution limit of seismic attributes. A reservoir model was divided into three parts, optimistic estimate (P90), moderate estimate (P50) and pesimistic estimate (P10). The existence of hydrocarbon gases in field X in was control by a stratigraphic traps compared to traps structure as seen from the absence of cover (closur). Based on integration of seismic attributes, rock properties and reservoar model proposed four (4) wells drilling to develop the gas field X.;Application of 3D seismic attributes and physical properties of reservoir rocks have been to model the formation Ledok A Field X Cepu Block. The seismic attributes, which can be used to identify distribution of the reservoir in this field were the root mean square (rms), sweetness, and relative acoustic impedance. The attributes of the seismic amplitude anomaly shows a bright spot in the form identified as reservoars A and show the pattern of northsouth trending deployment. A reservoir facies which is a sandy limestone reservoir was very good at keeping a hydrocarbon gas with 19% porosity and water saturation of 40%. The existence of uncertainty in the determination of reservoir distribution limit of seismic attributes. A reservoir model was divided into three parts, optimistic estimate (P90), moderate estimate (P50) and pesimistic estimate (P10). The existence of hydrocarbon gases in field X in was control by a stratigraphic traps compared to traps structure as seen from the absence of cover (closur). Based on integration of seismic attributes, rock properties and reservoar model proposed four (4) wells drilling to develop the gas field X.;Application of 3D seismic attributes and physical properties of reservoir rocks have been to model the formation Ledok A Field X Cepu Block. The seismic attributes, which can be used to identify distribution of the reservoir in this field were the root mean square (rms), sweetness, and relative acoustic impedance. The attributes of the seismic amplitude anomaly shows a bright spot in the form identified as reservoars A and show the pattern of northsouth trending deployment. A reservoir facies which is a sandy limestone reservoir was very good at keeping a hydrocarbon gas with 19% porosity and water saturation of 40%. The existence of uncertainty in the determination of reservoir distribution limit of seismic attributes. A reservoir model was divided into three parts, optimistic estimate (P90), moderate estimate (P50) and pesimistic estimate (P10). The existence of hydrocarbon gases in field X in was control by a stratigraphic traps compared to traps structure as seen from the absence of cover (closur). Based on integration of seismic attributes, rock properties and reservoar model proposed four (4) wells drilling to develop the gas field X., Application of 3D seismic attributes and physical properties of reservoir rocks have been to model the formation Ledok A Field X Cepu Block. The seismic attributes, which can be used to identify distribution of the reservoir in this field were the root mean square (rms), sweetness, and relative acoustic impedance. The attributes of the seismic amplitude anomaly shows a bright spot in the form identified as reservoars A and show the pattern of northsouth trending deployment. A reservoir facies which is a sandy limestone reservoir was very good at keeping a hydrocarbon gas with 19% porosity and water saturation of 40%. The existence of uncertainty in the determination of reservoir distribution limit of seismic attributes. A reservoir model was divided into three parts, optimistic estimate (P90), moderate estimate (P50) and pesimistic estimate (P10). The existence of hydrocarbon gases in field X in was control by a stratigraphic traps compared to traps structure as seen from the absence of cover (closur). Based on integration of seismic attributes, rock properties and reservoar model proposed four (4) wells drilling to develop the gas field X.]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) merupakan salah satu jenis pemodelan yang dapat digunakan untuk memodelkan pasang surut pada wilayah regional yang relatif luas. Tesis ini melakukan studi tentang pemodelan pasang surut menggunakan ROMS untuk wilayah Indonesia dengan membagi menjadi 4 zona. Data yang digunakan adalah data konstanta pasang surut dari TPXO tahun 2007 (TPXO7), data batimetri resolusi 1 menit dari etopo serta data dari World Ocean Atlas Tahun 2009 (WOA09) berupa data temperatur, salinitas, serta densitas dari kedalaman 0 hingga 5500 meter. Sebagai validator digunakan data pengamatan pasang surut tahun 2013 dari stasiun pasang surut permanen milik Badan Informasi Geospasial. Hasil pemodelan ini memiliki akurasi dan tingkat kepercayaan yang baik untuk hampir di seluruh wilayah perairan NKRI dengan nilai RMSE antara 9.4 cm hingga 24.4 cm namun hasil yang kurang baik didapat pada perairan sekitar Merauke, Papua dengan nilai RMSE 62 cm.

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ABSTRACT
Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is one of the models that can be used to simulate tidal regionally on relatively wide range area. Tidal modeling using ROMS in this thesis were performed by dividing Indonesian region into 4 different zones. Harmonic constituent data from TPXO year 2007 (TPXO7), Bathymetry data with 1 minute resolution from etopo, and World Ocean Atlas data year 2009 such as; temperature, salinity, inner density depth of 0 ? 5500 meters were used as the model?s inputs. As the validators, Badan Informasi Geospasial?s tidal observation data year 2013 from permanent tidal gauge stations were used. The modeling result shows good accuracy and reliability in almost all Indonesian water with RMSE between 9.4 ? 24.4 cm. However, bigger RMSE up to 62 centimeters were found in Merauke water, Papua.;Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is one of the models that can be used to simulate tidal regionally on relatively wide range area. Tidal modeling using ROMS in this thesis were performed by dividing Indonesian region into 4 different zones. Harmonic constituent data from TPXO year 2007 (TPXO7), Bathymetry data with 1 minute resolution from etopo, and World Ocean Atlas data year 2009 such as; temperature, salinity, inner density depth of 0 – 5500 meters were used as the model’s inputs. As the validators, Badan Informasi Geospasial’s tidal observation data year 2013 from permanent tidal gauge stations were used. The modeling result shows good accuracy and reliability in almost all Indonesian water with RMSE between 9.4 – 24.4 cm. However, bigger RMSE up to 62 centimeters were found in Merauke water, Papua., Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is one of the models that can be used to simulate tidal regionally on relatively wide range area. Tidal modeling using ROMS in this thesis were performed by dividing Indonesian region into 4 different zones. Harmonic constituent data from TPXO year 2007 (TPXO7), Bathymetry data with 1 minute resolution from etopo, and World Ocean Atlas data year 2009 such as; temperature, salinity, inner density depth of 0 – 5500 meters were used as the model’s inputs. As the validators, Badan Informasi Geospasial’s tidal observation data year 2013 from permanent tidal gauge stations were used. The modeling result shows good accuracy and reliability in almost all Indonesian water with RMSE between 9.4 – 24.4 cm. However, bigger RMSE up to 62 centimeters were found in Merauke water, Papua.]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Jaminan mutu atas keakuratan alat ukur di bidang kesehatan merupakan kebutuhan yang mutlak diperlukan pada masa ini. Salah satu alat yang perlu dikalibrasi adalah infusion pump analyser. Alat ini berfungsi menguji pompa infus yang bekerja pada aliran rendah, yang digunakan di rumah sakit apakah masih layak pakai atau tidak. Sebagai peralatan uji, infusion pump analyser harus terkalibrasi untuk menjamin keakuratan hasil pengujiannya. Pada penelitian ini akan dikembangan sistem kalibrasi yang beroperasi pada laju aliran rendah. Sistem terdiri dari aktuator linear yang menggerakan siringe dari gelas kaca. Aktuator linear terdiri dari ulir bola, linear guide way, rangkaian roda gigi yang terhubung ke motor d.c. Kecepatan motor d.c. dikendalikan oleh FPGA dengan menggunakan metode pulse width modulation. FPGA juga digunakan untuk membaca keluaran rotary encoder yang terhubung ke poros roda gigi untuk memantau kecepatan aktuator. Untuk mengkarakterisasi sistem, pertama osilator FPGA dikalibrasi terhadap universal counter untuk menvalidasi pengukuran waktunya. Kemudian aktuator dikalibrasi menggunakan kaliper untuk menverifikasi pergerakan linearnya. Dalam proses ini diamati efek dinamis dari faktor kalibrasi enkoder, yang membawa kepada penentuan kecepatan intrinsik dari sistem. Dengan menggunakan kecepatan intrinsik dan faktor alat, maka volume dan laju alir yang dibangkitkan oleh sistem dapat ditentukan. Selanjutnya sistem diuji secara gravimetri berdasarkan ISO/FDIS 8655-1, dan didapatkan hasil ketidakpastian pengukuran yang tidak memenuhi syarat. Setelah melakukan penyelidikan lanjut dengan simulasi pada perhitungan pengukuran, didapatkan bahwa kapasistas silinder perlu diperbesar agar ketidakpastian pengukuran yang dibutuhkan dapat dicapai.

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ABSTRACT
Quality assurance of the accuracyof measuring instruments in the health industry is necessary. One of the instruments that need to be calibrated is Infusion pump analyzer. This instruments is used to test infusion pumps used in hospital at low flow rate. As test equipment, infusion pump analyzer must be calibrated to ensure the accuracy of test results. In this study, a low flow rate calibration system is developed. The system consist of linear actuator to move a glass syringe. The linear actuator consist a linear ball screw, linear guide way, and gear box connected to d.c. motor. The motor controlled by FPGA using pulse width modulation method. FPGA also use to read rotary encoder that connected to gearbox shaft to monitor actuator speed. To characterized the system, first the FPGA oscilator is calibrated to universal counter to validated the time measurement. Then the actuator is calibrated using caliper to verify its linear movement. In this porocess a dynamic efect of encoder meter factor are discovered. This dynamic effect lead to determining intrinsic speed of the system. The intrinsic speed together with meter factor are used to determine volume and flowrate generated by the system. The system then tested using gravimetric method base up on ISO/FDIS 8655-1 and the result of measurement uncertainty is not satisfying. After further investigation using simulation on measurement calculation, it is found that the capacity of syringe should be increased to achieve required uncertainty.;Quality assurance of the accuracyof measuring instruments in the health industry is necessary. One of the instruments that need to be calibrated is Infusion pump analyzer. This instruments is used to test infusion pumps used in hospital at low flow rate. As test equipment, infusion pump analyzer must be calibrated to ensure the accuracy of test results. In this study, a low flow rate calibration system is developed. The system consist of linear actuator to move a glass syringe. The linear actuator consist a linear ball screw, linear guide way, and gear box connected to d.c. motor. The motor controlled by FPGA using pulse width modulation method. FPGA also use to read rotary encoder that connected to gearbox shaft to monitor actuator speed. To characterized the system, first the FPGA oscilator is calibrated to universal counter to validated the time measurement. Then the actuator is calibrated using caliper to verify its linear movement. In this porocess a dynamic efect of encoder meter factor are discovered. This dynamic effect lead to determining intrinsic speed of the system. The intrinsic speed together with meter factor are used to determine volume and flowrate generated by the system. The system then tested using gravimetric method base up on ISO/FDIS 8655-1 and the result of measurement uncertainty is not satisfying. After further investigation using simulation on measurement calculation, it is found that the capacity of syringe should be increased to achieve required uncertainty., Quality assurance of the accuracyof measuring instruments in the health industry is necessary. One of the instruments that need to be calibrated is Infusion pump analyzer. This instruments is used to test infusion pumps used in hospital at low flow rate. As test equipment, infusion pump analyzer must be calibrated to ensure the accuracy of test results. In this study, a low flow rate calibration system is developed. The system consist of linear actuator to move a glass syringe. The linear actuator consist a linear ball screw, linear guide way, and gear box connected to d.c. motor. The motor controlled by FPGA using pulse width modulation method. FPGA also use to read rotary encoder that connected to gearbox shaft to monitor actuator speed. To characterized the system, first the FPGA oscilator is calibrated to universal counter to validated the time measurement. Then the actuator is calibrated using caliper to verify its linear movement. In this porocess a dynamic efect of encoder meter factor are discovered. This dynamic effect lead to determining intrinsic speed of the system. The intrinsic speed together with meter factor are used to determine volume and flowrate generated by the system. The system then tested using gravimetric method base up on ISO/FDIS 8655-1 and the result of measurement uncertainty is not satisfying. After further investigation using simulation on measurement calculation, it is found that the capacity of syringe should be increased to achieve required uncertainty.]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai tingkat serapan karbon dan kandungan klorofil serta analisis sampah, sedimen, dan volume di lima situ Kampus UI Depok. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat serapan karbon dan kandungan klorofil, serta materi organik dalam sampah, sedimen dan volume di lima situ Kampus UI Depok. Penelitian dilakukan di lima situ Kampus UI Depok, yaitu Situ Agathis, Situ Mahoni, Situ Puspa, Situ Ulin, dan Situ Salam. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Maret--April 2014. Pengukuran produktivitas primer perairan menggunakan metode botol gelap-terang. Botol gelap dan botol terang diletakkan pada kedalaman 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, dan 80 cm. Pengambilan sampel fitoplankton dilakukan menggunakan plankton net. Pengukuran kandungan klorofil-a dan klorofil-b menggunakan spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 750, 664, 647 dan 630 nm. Perangkap sampah organik berupa kain nylon dengan ukuran pori 1 mm2 diletakkan pada inlet dan outlet secara bersamaan di lima situ Kampus UI Depok. Pengambilan sampel sedimen dilakukan menggunakan Peterson Grab. Sampel sedimen dianalisis kadar karbon organik dengan metode Walkley-Black. Metode 3D Analyst ArcView 10.1 digunakan untuk menghitung volume situ. Tingkat serapan karbon di lima situ Kampus UI Depok memiliki potensi menyerap karbon rata-rata sebesar 48,61 mgC/m3/jam. Kandungan klorofil-a dan klorofil-b di lima situ Kampus UI Depok rata-rata sebesar 2,59 mg/l dan 0,35 mg/l. Hasil identifikasi sampel fitoplankton diperoleh empat kelas, yaitu Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, dan Bacillariophyceae. Kepadatan tertinggi dan nilai dominansi tertinggi pada sampel fitoplankton di lima situ Kampus UI Depok terdapat pada kelas Chlorophyceae. Terjadi penumpukan sampah organik sebesar 0,55 gr/m3/jam. Tipe sedimen pasir mendominasi di perairan lima situ Kampus UI Depok. Kandungn karbon pada sampel sedimen kerikil sebesar 19,75--26,58 ppm, pasir sebesar 28,47--38,55 ppm, dan lumpur sebesar 36,79--42,05 ppm. Perairan lima situ di Kampus UI Depok memiliki potensi dalam menampung volume air sebesar 654.830 m3.

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ABSTRACT
Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm. Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2 placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes, namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae. The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58 ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of waters at 654.830 m3.;Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm. Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2 placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes, namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae. The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58 ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of waters at 654.830 m3.;Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm. Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2 placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes, namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae. The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58 ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of waters at 654.830 m3.;Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm. Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2 placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes, namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae. The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58 ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of waters at 654.830 m3.;Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm. Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2 placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes, namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae. The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58 ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of waters at 654.830 m3.;Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm. Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2 placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes, namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae. The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58 ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of waters at 654.830 m3., Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm. Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2 placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes, namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae. The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58 ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of waters at 654.830 m3.]

Abstrak :
Asap cair telah banyak digunakan sebagai koagulan latex, pengawet makanan, dan insektisida. Telah ditemukan cendawan patogen Fusarium oxysporum yang menginfeksi bidang sadap karet pada perkebunan rakyat di Dusun Alur Mentawak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aplikasi asap cair sebagai fungisida nabati. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu pengamatan langsung pada tegakan kebun karet seluas 2.000 m2 dengan tiga perlakuan yaitu asap cair, fungisida kimia sebagai kontrol positif, dan tanpa perlakuan sebagai kontrol negatif. Pengamatan dilakukan 7 harisetelah pengaplikasian perlakuan selama empat minggu, pada parameter intensitas penyakit yang berbeda-beda. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan asap cair tempurung kelapa tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan F. oxysporum, demikian juga dengan perlakuan fungisida kimia tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan F. oxysporum. Hasil uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara perlakuan asap cair tempurung kelapa dengan pertumbuhan F. oxysporum, demikian juga dengan perlakuan fungisida kimia. Menurut hasil pengamatan mingguan, asap cair tempurung kelapa dapat menurunkan intensitaspenyakit pada bidang sadap tanaman karet yang terinfeksi F. oxysporum di kisaran 13-21, sedangkan fungisida kimia menurunkan intensitas penyakit di kisaran 1-10. Fungisida kimia Derosal 60 WP dapat menghambat pertumbuhan F. oxysporum dalamwaktu yang lebih lama dari pada Fungisida nabati asap cair tempurung kelapa. Penggunaan asap cair tempurung kelapa sebagai fungisida nabati menunjukkan hasil yang menguntungkan, karena rasio benefit: cost lebih besar dari 1 dan net benefit bernilai positif, yang berarti menguntungkan. Keuntungan yang diperoleh dari pemanfaatan asap cair lebih kecil dari pemanfaatan fungisida kimia. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh biaya produksi yang tinggi. ......Liquid smoke commonly used as latex coagulant, food preservative, and insecticide.Pathogenic fungal Fusarium oxysporum have been discovered to infect the paneltapping of rubber tree at Alur Mentawak Village. This study aims to examine theapplication of liquid smoke as biofungicide. The method used in this study is directobservation of rubber plant over an area of 2.000 m2 with three types of treatment whichare liquid smoke, chemical fungicide as positive control and no treatment as negativecontrol. The observation was conducted over 7 days after 4 weeks of the treatmentapplication, with varying intensities of disease. Regression results showed that coconutshell liquid smoke treatment had no significant effect on growth of F. oxysporum,neither did the chemical fungicide treatment significantly affect the growth of F.oxysporum. Pearson correlation test results showed that there was no significantrelationship between coconut shell liquid smoke treatment with growth of F.oxysporum, as well as chemical fungicide treatment. According to the results of weeklyobservations, coconut shell liquid smoke can reduce the disease intensity occurred onthe panel tapping infected by F. oxysporum in the range of 13 mdash 21 , whereas chemicalfungicides reduce disease intensity in the range of 1 mdash 10 . The coconut shell liquidsmoke has proven to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum. The inhibitory potency of theDerosal 60 WP chemical fungicide is longer than coconut shell liquid smoke ininhibiting the growth of F. oxysporum. Using coconut shell liquid smoke asbiofungicideis profitabel, becaouse the result of this study show that benefit cost ratiois more than 1 and net benefit have positive value. The benefit received from usingcoconut shell liquid smoke less than from using chemical fungicide. This is influencedby high production costs.

Abstrak :
Etnoekologi dan Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat pada Masyarakat Baduy-Dalam di Desa Kanekes, Kecamatan Leuwidamar, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten. Telah dilakukan kajian pengetahuan pemanfaatan lanskap dan pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat pada masyarakat Baduy-Dalam. Tujuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan keanekaragaman spesies tumbuhan obat yang tersebar pada berbagai lanskap yang sudah dikenal dan dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Baduy-Dalam. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada September 2017 sampai Januari 2018. Pengambilan data menggunakan pendekatan emik dan etik melalui wawancara semi terstruktur close ended, open ended, observasi partisipatif, Focus Group Discussion FGD, analisis vegetasi dan jelajah bebas. Wawancara dilakukan pada 3 informan kunci dan 108 responden umum. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan statistika deskriptif untuk menggambarkan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat dan kuantitatif dianalisis dengan menghitung nilai kultural Index of Cultural Significance, ICS, dan nilai kepentingan lokal Local User Value Index, LUVI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Baduy-Dalam mengenal 7 unit lanskap, yaitu Leuweng lembur Pemukiman, Cai sungai, Huma ladang, Jami bekas ladang ditinggalkan 1 tahun, Rheuma bekas ladang ditinggalkan 3 tahun, Rheuma kolot bekas ladang ditinggalkan 7 tahun, dan Leuweng kolot hutan lindung. Lansekap yang dianggap paling penting ialah leuweung lembur pemukiman dengan nilai rata-rata kepentingan 28.8. Pada 7 lanskap ditemukan 98 spesies tumbuhan obat yang memiliki 46 kegunaan, terdiri dari 91 genus dan 46 famili. Famili terbanyak ialah Asteraceae dan Zingiberaceae. Nilai ICS dan LUVI tumbuhan obat tertinggi di Cibeo dimiliki oleh Cocos nucifera ICS=24, LUVI=2.25 untuk laki-laki muda, Cocos nucifera ICS=24 dan Kaempferia galanga LUVI=1.91 untuk laki-laki dewasa, Kaempferia galanga ICS=16 dan Cocos nucifera LUVI=1.95 untuk laki-laki tua, Psidium guajava ICS=24, LUVI=2.15 untuk perempuan muda, K. galanga dan Z. cassumunar ICS=12 dan Zingiber cassumunar LUVI=1.63 untuk perempuan dewasa, Pterocarpus indicus, Kaempferia galanga, Dinochloa scandens, Gigantochloa apus, Zingiber officinale, dan Crassocephalum crepidioides ICS=9 dan Cyrtandra pendula LUVI=1.57 untuk perempuan tua. Adapun Nilai ICS dan LUVI tumbuhan obat tertinggi di Cikeusik dimiliki oleh Cocos nucifera ICS=18, LUVI=2 untuk laki-laki muda, Cocos nucifera ICS=24 dan Cassia alata LUVI=1.35 untuk laki-laki dewasa, Cassia alata, Ageratum conyzoides, Cyrtandra pendula, Kaempferia galanga, Abrus precatorius, Mikania cordata ICS=9 dan Bridelia monoica LUVI=1.65 untuk laki-laki tua, Cocos nucifera ICS=24, LUVI=1.35 untuk perempuan muda, Kaempferia galanga ICS=12 dan Bridelia monoica LUVI=1.06 untuk perempuan dewasa, dan Gigantochloa apus, Blumea balsamifera ICS=12 dan Cassia alata LUVI=1.01 untuk perempuan tua. ......Ethnoecology and Ethnobotany of Medicinal Plants in Baduy Dalam Society Kanekes Village, Leuwidamar District, Lebak Regency, Banten.A study of utilization of landscape and medicinal plants has been undertaken in Baduy Dalam society. The purpose of this study is to reveals the diversity of medicinal plant species scattered in various landscapes that have been known and utilized by Baduy Dalam society. The study has been conducted from September 2017 to January 2018. Data was collected through semi structured close ended, open ended, participatory observation, focus group discussion FGD interviews, vegetation analysis and free roaming interviews. Interviews were conducted from 3 key informants and 108 general respondents. Data were analyzed qualitatively by descriptive statistics to describe local knowledges society and quantitative analyzed by calculating of Index of Cultural Significance ICS, and local user 39 s value Index LUVI. Based on research results, Baduy Dalam society recognizes 7 landscape units, namely Leuweung lembur residential area, Cai river, Huma field, Jami one year abandoned field, Rheuma three years abandoned field, Rheuma kolot seven years abandoned field, and Leuweung kolot protected forest. Leuweung lembur residential area considered the most important landscape which it has average of importance value of 28.8. It has been found 98 species of medicinal plants which is have 46 usefulness. It consists of 91 genera and 46 families. The most of families are Asteraceae and Zingiberaceae. The highest of ICS and LUVI values in Cibeo, category of young male chosen C. nucifera ICS 24, LUVI 2.25, category of adult male Cocos nucifera ICS 24 and Kaempferia galanga LUVI 1.91, category of old male Kaempferia galanga ICS 16 and Cocos nucifera LUVI 1.95, Psidium guajava category of young female chosen ICS 24, LUVI 2.15, category of adult female Kaempferia galanga and Zingiber cassumunar ICS 12 and Zingiber cassumunar LUVI 1.63, and category old female Pterocarpus indicus, Kaempferia galanga, Dinochloa scandens, Gigantochloa apus, Zingiber officinale, and Crassocephalum crepidioides ICS 9 and Cassia pendula LUVI 1.57. The highest of ICS and LUVI values in Cikeusik category young male chosen Cocos nucifera ICS 18, LUVI 2, category of adult male Cocos nucifera ICS 24 and Cassia alata LUVI 1.35, category of old male Cocos alata, Ageratum conyzoides, Cyrtandra. pendula, aempferia. galanga, Abrus precatorius, Mikania cordata ICS 9 and Bridelia monoica LUVI 1.65, category of young female Cocos nucifera ICS 24, LUVI 1.35, category of adult female Kaempferia galanga ICS 12 and Bridelia monoica LUVI 1.06 and category of old female Gigantochloa apus, Blume balsamifera ICS 12 and Cassia alata LUVI 1.01.

Abstrak :

Xilanase merupakan enzim yang dapat mendegradasi xilan menjadi xilooligosakarida berbagai ukuran dengan memotong ikatan 1,4-β-D-xylosidik dan memiliki potensi tinggi dalam aplikasi industri. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, untuk produksi xilanase pendekatan teknologi DNA rekombinan telah dilakukan, yaitu dengan mengkonstruksi Pichia pastoris yang telah dimodifikasi genetik sehingga dapat memproduksi xilanase dari Bacillus halodurans CM1. Peningkatan produksi xilanase menggunakan starter Pichia pastoris telah dilakukan. Namun, karena tingginya biaya medium standar produksi dengan Pichia pastoris pada skala laboratorium dan bioreaktor, maka komposisi media standar disubtitusi dengan medium minimal. Akan tetapi aktivitas xilanase yang dihasilkan relatif rendah. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi medium berbiaya lebih rendah, dimana gliserol murni disubtitusi dengan gliserol teknis sebagai sumber C, sedangkan sumber N organik yaitu pepton dan yeast ekstrak masing-masing disubtitusi dengan hidrolisat tepung kedelai (18% (b/v) total kandungan N) dan dedak padi (bekatul) (14,63% (b/v) total kandungan N), dan amonium sulfat sebagai tambahan sumber N anorganik yang dioptimasi untuk menghasilkan xilanase dengan harapan biaya yang digunakan lebih murah. Penggunaan gliserol teknis 1% (v/v) dan campuran hidrolisat tepung kedelai 15 g/100 mL, hidrolisat dedak padi 30 g/100 mL,dan amonium sulfat 2,5% (b/v) ditemukan sebagai media sesuai yang menghasilkan tingkat tertinggi aktivitas xilanase (1383,898 U/mL), aktivitas spesifik (861,705 U/mg), kadar protein (1,606 mg/mL), dan berat sel kering (43,300 g/L). Penambahan konsentrasi amonium sulfat meningkatkan produksi xilanase rekombinan sekitar hampir dua kali lipat, dengan persen peningkatan sebesar 97,46%

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Xylanase is an enzyme that can degrade xylan into xylooligosaccharides of various sizes using 1,4-β-D-xylosidik bonds and has high potential in industrial applications. In the previous study, to produce xylanase using recombinant DNA technology was done, namely by constructing Pichia pastoris which has facilitated genetics so that it can produce xylanase from Bacillus halodurans CM1. The increase in xylanase production using starter has been done by Pichia pastoris. However, due to the high cost of standard production with Pichia pastoris on a laboratory scale and bioreactor, the composition of standard media is substituted with a minimum medium. However, the xylanase activity produced is relatively low. Therefore in this study modification of the lower cost medium, pure glycerol was substituted with technical glycerol as karbon source, while the organic nitrogen source is peptone and yeast extract substituted with soybean hydrolyzate (18% (b/v) total N content) and rice bran (14.63% (b/v) total N content), respectively,and ammonium sulfate as an additional source of nitrogen inorganic which was optimized to produce xylanase in the hope that costs are cheaper. The use of technical glycerol 1% (v/v) and a mixture of 15 g/100 mL soybean hydrolyzate, rice bran hydrolyzate 30 g/100 mL, and 2.5% (b/v) ammonium sulfate were found to be suitable media that yielded profit high xylanase activity (1383,898 U/mL), specific activity (861.705 U/mg), protein content (1,606 mg/mL, based bradford method), and dry cell weight (43,300g/L). The addition of ammonium sulfate concentrations increased the production of recombinant xylanase by almost double, with a percent increase of 97,46%

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Pengembangan bahan solder bebas timbal menjadi hal penting, sejak penerapan RoHS. Namun, beberapa kandidat untuk solder bebas timbal memiliki beberapa kelemahan seperti banyak pertumbuhan intermetalik (IMC), dan titik lebur yang sedikit lebih tinggi. Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk membuat solder bebas timbal adalah dengan menambahkan elemen paduan lainnya. Salah satu elemen paduan yang menjanjikan adalah dengan memvariasikan konten Bismuth (Bi). Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Difraksi sinar-X dan Potensiodinamik digunakan untuk karakterisasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa titik leleh berkurang. Struktur Sn yang di doping Bi menunjukkan fase tunggal tetragonal Sn dan parameter kristal yang berbeda. Dari uji potensiodinamik, sampel menunjukkan laju korosi yang berbeda. Kesimpulannya, solder bebas timbal Sn-Bi berpotensi sebagai kandidat untuk menggantikan bahan solder timah yang bebas timbal.

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ABSTRACT The development of lead free solder materials has become urgent, since the implementation of RoHS. However, some candidates for lead free solder have several weaknesses such as many of intermetallic growth (IMC), slightly higher of melting point. One of the methods used to make lead free solder is by the addition of other alloying element. One of the promising alloying elements is by varying Bismuth (Bi) content. Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X ray Difraction and Potensiodynamic were used for characterization. The results show the melting point reduced. The structure of Bi doped Sn show single phase tetragonal Sn and different crystal parameter have been obtained. From Potensiodynamic test, The samples show different corrosion rate. In conclusion, Sn-Bi lead free solder is potential candidat for replacing Lead-free solder materials.