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"ABSTRAKGenome Sequence Analysis for genetic datasets by using ORF (Open Reading Frames) techniques is an interesting area of research for bioinformatics researchers nowadays. There is a strong research focus on comparative analysis between genetic behaviors and diversity of different species. Contrary to whole genome sequence analysis, scientists are now trying to concentrate specifically on layered analysis to get a better insight of relevancy among genetic datasets. This phenomenon will help to better understand species. An ORF statistical analysis for genetic data-sets of species Chimera Monstrosa and Poly Odontidae is presented. For completion of this analysis, we use a hybrid approach that combines a generic mechanism for statistical analysis with specific approach designed for out performance. At first instance, genetic datasets are refined for better usage at next level. These sets are then passed through layers of filters that perform DNA to Protein translation. Statistical comparison is performed during this translation. This layered architecture helps in better understanding of the degree of similarity and differences in genomic sequences. "

"Commercialization of bioethanol has recently intensified due to its market stability, low cost,sustainability, alternative fuel energy composition, greener output and colossal fossil fuel depletion. Recently, because of greenhouse intensity worldwide, many researches are ongoing to reprocess the waste as well as turning down the environmental pollution. With this scenario, the invention of bioethanol was hailed as a great accomplishment to transform waste biomass to fuel energy and in turn reduce the massive usages of fossil fuels. In this study, our review enlightens various sources of plant-based waste feed stocks as the raw materials for bio ethanol production because they do not adversely impact the human food chain. However, the cheapest and conventional fermentation method, yeast fermentation is also emphasized here notably for waste biomass-to-bio ethanol conversion. Since the key fermenting agent, yeastis readily available in local and international markets, it is more cost-effective in comparison with other fermentation agents. Furthermore, yeasthas genuine natural fermentation capability biologically and it produces zero chemical waste. This review also concerns a detailed overview of the biological conversion processes of lignocellulosic waste biomass-to-bio ethanol, the diverse performance of different types of yeasts and yeast strains, plus bioreactor design, growth kinetics of yeast fermentation, environmental issues, integrated usages on modern engines and motor vehicles, as well as future process development planning with some novel co-products."

"In this study, H13 tool steel and Cr-Mo-V steel were treated by two different types of surface treatments, i.e. double shot peening with nitriding and single shot peening. Samples were dipped into the molten aluminum alloy ADC12 as a simulation of the die casting process and held there for 0.5, 5, and 30 minutes. Several characteristics were analyzed, including surface hardness, microstructure observation, and identification of elements on the intermetallic layer formed. The results of the research showed that H13 steel treated by double shot peening with nitriding had higher surface hardness (1402 VHN) than when treated by shot peening only (536 VHN). A similar tendency emerged with the Cr-Mo-V steel, which had 1402 VHN and 503 VHN after treatment with double shot peening with nitriding and the single shot peening process. In addition, with a dipping time of 30 minutes, the H13 steel treated by double shot peening with nitriding produced a lower average thickness of the compact intermetallic layer. Moreover, double shot peening did not form a broken intermetallic layer, while single shot peening formed one (91.66 µm). Likewise, the Cr-Mo-V steel treated by double shot peening with nitriding produced a thinner compact intermetallic layer than single shot peening, 22.2 µm vs. 27.77 µm, as well as a lower average thickness of the broken intermetallic layer, 40.2 µm vs. 113 µm. This indicates that material treated by double shot peening with nitriding could minimize the occurrence of die soldering."

"The rapidly growing demand for petroleum resources has become a crucial global problem. Therefore, a more realistic solution is required for oil production. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has become an essential technique to extract original oil content and maintain oil fields. During this process, certain viscous polymers are commonly used as mobility control agents. In this work, we introduce a new class of polymer to address the limitations of commercial EOR polymers. We successfully extracted kappa-type carrageenan from Eucheuma cottonii seaweed using demineralized water and ethanol precipitation. The amount of yield, intrinsic viscosity, and viscosity-average molecular mass of the extracted carrageenan were 18.64%, 12.77 dLg-1, and 4.716×105 gmol-1, respectively. Characterizations were done by dynamic viscosity and rheological measurement, along with a thermal degradation test. The measurements indicated that kappa-carrageenan is an attractive green substitute for polyacrylamide, as it showed relatively high resistance to temperature, shear rate, and salinity compared to polyacrylamide-based commercial EOR polymers. However, a higher concentration of carrageenan is still needed to reach the same viscosity as the commercial polymers."

"Lithium titanate, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is a promising candidate as lithium ion battery anode material. In this investigation, LTO was synthesized by a solid state method using TiO2 xerogel prepared by the sol-gel method and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3). Three variations of Li2CO3 content addition in mol% or Li2CO3 molar excess were fabricated, i.e., 0, 50 and 100%, labelled as sample LTO-1, LTO-2 and LTO-3, respectively. The characterizations were made using XRD, FESEM, and BET testing. These were performed to observe the effect of lithium excess addition on structure, morphology, and surface area of the resulting samples. Results showed that the crystallite size and surface area of each sample was 50.80 nm, 17.86 m2/gr for LTO-1; 53.14 nm, 22.53 m2/gr for LTO-2; and 38.09 nm, 16.80 m2/gr for LTO-3. Furthermore, lithium excess caused the formation of impure compound Li2TiO3, while a very small amount of rutile TiO2 was found in LTO-1. A near-pure crystalline Li4Ti5O12 compound was successfully synthesized using the present method with stoichiometric composition with 0% excess, indicating very little Li+ loss during the sintering process."

"In general, the Nd-Fe-B as-cast ingot is homogenized for a long time before the hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption and recombination (HDDR) process, to produce good magnetic properties. Since the homogenizing process is expensive, this work examined the possibility of replacing it with a water quenching process for Nd-Fe-B magnetic powder. The magnetic powders were soaked at 1100oC for 4 hours, followed by water quenching prior to HDDR. The resulting powder had magnetic properties that were almost similar to magnetic powder that was homogenized prior to HDDR. The remanence values of the water-quenched alloy and the homogenized alloy were 7.8 KG and 8.9 KG, respectively, while the coercivity values were 12.6 KOe and 10.3 KOe, respectively. In general, the magnetic properties of both samples were not much different. The microstructure of Nd2Fe14B phase combined with a very slight Nd rich phase in micro grain boundary likely caused the coercivity enhancement."

"Aluminum alloys, such as A6061-T6, are widely used in engineering components. However, detailed knowledge is needed to understand the way they respond to a fracture due to mechanical loading. Fractures occur in the structural component from crack propagation, and it is important to understand the mixed mode fracture behavior of crack growth. In this research, mixed mode fracture testing was conducted on the aluminum alloy A6061-T6 by employing a compact tension shear specimen. Crack growth behavior was investigated by applying a quasi-static loading at a constant cross-head speed using a Servopulser universal testing machine. The crack growths were observed by a Keyence digital microscope, and the critical stress intensity factors of the material were examined. Results showed that the shear type of crack initiation preceded the opening-type fracture. The dimple-type fracture on the fracture surface occurred under mode I and mixed mode with a loading angle of about 60o and 75o, respectively. The transition of crack initiation behavior from the opening-type fracture to the shear-type fracture occurred at a loading angle from 15o to 30o. The experimental data followed the maximum hoop stress criterion under mode I and mixed mode at a loading angle 60o and 75o, respectively, for the compact tension shear specimen. Crack propagation behavior with three small holes occurring in a zigzag pattern ahead of the crack tip showed that crack initiation and propagation occurred only in the opening-type fracture. The experimental data followed the maximum hoop stress criterion under mode I and mixed mode with a lower mode II component at a loading angle of 75o. When the small holes occured inline, there were two types of fractures occurring: an opening fracture at crack initiation and then crack propagation caused by shear fracture."

"Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is an important semiconductor material due to its broad applications, such as in the fields of electronics, optoelectronics, photocatalysts, and solar cells. The main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of pressure in post-hydrothermal treatment on crystallinity enhancement, crystallite growth, and band gap reduction of ZnO nanoparticles, which could be expected to improve their performance as the semiconductor oxide layer in the dye-sensitized solar cell application. For this purpose, ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized through the precipitation method, followed by a sequence of thermal treatments including drying, calcination, and Post-hydrothermal Treatment (PHT). For increasing the crystallinity of ZnO nanoparticles, PHT was carried out with a pressure variation of 1 and 3 bar. The resulting nanoparticles were further characterized with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultra-Violet Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The study showed that by increasing the PHT pressure from 1 to 3 bar caused an adverse effect on the crystallinity, i.e. the crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles slightly decreased from 27.42 to 26.88 nm. This was expected to be due to the increase of the boiling point of water causing less effective of vapor generated to improve the crystallinity by a cleavage mechanism on the inorganic framework. The band gap energy (Eg), however, was found to increase slightly from 3.25 to 3.26 eV, respectively. Considering the obtained properties, ZnO nanoparticles in this study have the potential to be used as the semiconductor oxide layer in the dye-sensitized solar cells."

"Steel is an important material that is widely used and its development has occurred in conjunction with the history of mankind over the last two centuries. In general, the steelmaking process has been done through a combination of a direct reduction process and an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) or an indirect reduction process and a Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF). The combination of the steelmaking processes can be adapted to the specific conditions of Indonesian local iron ore. In Indonesia, the raw material reserves of iron and steel making are quite large, but spread over several islands. UPT BPML LIPI in cooperation with the Department of Metallurgical Engineering UNTIRTA conducted research to improve the economic value of the local iron ore in South Lampung Regency. The total amount of primary iron ore resources in South Lampung is estimated to be in the region of 11 million tons. South Lampung Regency iron ore is primary iron ore with a content of pure magnetite and magnetite-containing impurity silica levels ranging from 40-65% Fe in total. South Lampung Regency low-grade iron ore has the potential to be reduced by using a rotary kiln. A rotary kiln is a tool used to reduce low-grade iron ore and produce sponge iron with a high metallization. This process is in accordance with the Indonesian government policies that regulate the minimum value of percentage of sponge iron metallization for export, i.e. 85%. In this research, sponge iron is made of a mixture of Lampung iron ore pellets with coconut shell charcoal as a reduction agent. The composition of coconut shell charcoal is about 20%, which will determine the optimum amount of South Lampung iron ore pellets in the mixture. In addition, during the reduction process, the residence time of pellets in the rotary kiln is observed in order to obtain the optimal percentage of metallization. The method used in this research was the direct reduction process using a pilot-scale rotary kiln with the variables related to residence time (1, 2 and 3 hours) for the pellets and to the diameter of the pellets (-12+8mm and -20+12mm). Meanwhile, the reduction temperature was fixed, i.e. 1100oC. The maximum metallization of sponge iron achieved at a residence time of 3 hours was 99.50% for the average pellet diameter of (-12+8mm)."