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"Pelayanan Farmasi di RSUP Persahabatan sebagai salah satu sistem yang memegang peranan penting dalam meningkatkan pelayanan di RS, terutama dalam pengobatan dan pelayanan pasien, baik dilihat dari sudut kepentingan pasien maupun kepentingan RS sendiri. Perkembangan layanan farmasi di RSUP Persahabatan , saat ini menuju pelayanan farmasi dengan menggunakan Unit Dose. Apoteker memastikan bahwa pasien menerima obat dalam waktu singkat, tersedia lengkap, dengan kualitas dan mutu yang baik. Hal ini sangat berhubungan dengan proses distribusi obat dan alkes dari gudang ke unit pemakai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pendistribusian obat dan alkes yang dilaksanakan di RSUP Persahabatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, menggunakan design suatu telaah kasus karena hanya melakukan penelaahan terhadap proses yang sedang berjalan. Analisa data dilakukan dengan menelaah data melalui triangulasi data wawancara, observasi dan data sekunder berupa dokumen, kemudian dianalisis sesuai kebutuhan berdasarkan teori yang berkenaan dengan materi penelitian dan pelaksanaan di Rumah sakit. Data disajikan dengan tertular dan tabulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendistribusian obat dan alkes belum optimal. Hal ini disebabkan perencanaan, pengadaan , penyimpanan, dan pendistribusian serta pengawasan yang kurang baik. Disimpulkan bahwa untuk menigkatkan pelayanan farmasi di RSVP Persahabatan perlu peningkatan dari komponen SDM, Sarana dan Prasarana serta kebijakan manajemen Rumah Sakit. Saran yang diusulkan ; perlu ada kebijakan tertulis dari manajemen Rumah Sakit, meningkatkan kemampuan manajemen dari Apoteker Rumah Sakit, perlu peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan petugas pelaksana di lapangan.

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Analysis Factor's to Influence Drugs and Health Tools Distribution From Pharmaceutical Logistics to Stay Care Department, Walk Care Department and Emergency Department in RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta in 1999.Clinical pharmacy in RSUP Persahabatan hold an important role in developing hospital service, especially in treatment and medication to the patients, this can be seen whether from patient?s need point of view or hospital `s need point of view. The developing of pharmaceutical services in RSUP Persahabatan nowadays is aiming the pharmaceutical service with use Unit Dose System. This service is given by a pharmacist for assuring that the patients get drugs in short time, completely ready stock with well quality. This research is aimed to get the description of drugs and health tools distribution in RSUP Persahabatan. This observation is an analytical description using the design of studying the case that is taking place right now. Data was analyzed by using the interview, observation and secondary data, document, based on the theory that suitable with the research material, practice in this hospital , data text and table, These results showed that drugs and health tools distribution haven't been optimum. This condition because planning, buying, storage, distribution and controlling haven't been good. The conclusion by developing the components of the service, Manpower, facilities, the system and regulation of hospital management, will develop the pharmacy service in RSUP Persahabatan. The suggestion is a need for written regulation from the hospital management, augmenting the management capability of Hospital Pharmacist, and augmenting knowledge and skill of Pharmaceutical Department Officers."

"This study evaluates consistency of the trickle down hypothesis, that shows parabolic relationship between poverty incidence and per capita aggregate gross domestic product (GDP), with Indonesia data. In addition to aggregate GDP, the hypothesis was also tested by using GDP disaggregated by sector and adding some alternative price variables. The study shows that per capita aggregate GDP is not significantly related with poverty incidence. Impact of disaggregated GDP varies by sector and by region. Agriculture GDP has the greatest impact on poverty incidence in rural area, whereas industrial GDP determines poverty incidence in urban area. Poverty incidence is also determined by rice price. These findings indicate that promoting agricultural development, food crop subsector in particular, is an appropriate strategy for poverty alleviation."

"A systematic information on the amount and the source of investment in agriculture sector is needed, especially in relation to the purpose of formulating the Repelita Vll of Agricultural Sector. The main objective of this paptur is to calculate total value of investment requirement in agriculture and to identify the sources and f he value of each source of its funding. The result of three approach of this study are demand driven predicts that the agricultural-sector real COP Growth in Repelita VU will be 95%/year, this historic trend showed 4.05%/ year, and government-targeted have ranges from 3.58-3,71%/year. Based on the demand driven approach, the total agricultural sector investment requirement in Repelita Vll is Rp 41 2 billion, the historical trend approach is Rp 24.8 billion and the government-targeted is Rp 29.8 billion. Output projection based on the demand driven approach is much greater than the projection obtained from the other two approaches. The last two approaches are basically supply side approach. The findings then can be interpreted that in Repelita Vll demand for agricultural output will be far higher than production capacity. Accordingly, if there are no systematic anticipation to this situation, import of agricultural products will increase very sharply. This, of course, will lead to a very strong balance of payment deficit pressure. The government is, therefore, required to set a new much higher agricultural sector GDP targets than presently set for Repelita Vll."

"Latar Belakang : Obesitas memiliki dampak terhadap tumbuh kembang anak, dan obesitas masa anak berisiko tinggi menjadi obesitas pada masa dewasa serta potensi komplikasi akibat obesitas. Hingga saat ini, belum terdapat data baik mengenai prevalens obesitas pada murid TK maupun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, antara lain tingkat pendidikan orangtua. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalens obesitas pada anak taman kanak-kanak dan mengetahui hubungannya dengan tingkat pendidikan orangtua.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel diambil secara all sampling. Pada subyek dilakukan pengukuran tinggi dan berat badan, dan diberikan kuesioner untuk menilai faktor risiko.Hasil : Prevalens obesitas pada murid taman kanak-kanak didapatkan sebesar 28,1%, dan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik (p=0,01; RO: 9,435 (1,198-74,290)) antara obesitas anak dengan tingkat pendidikan ibu.Kesimpulan: Prevalens obesitas pada penelitian ini meningkat bila dibandingkan dengan angka pada SUSENAS 1995. Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan prevalens obesitas.

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Backgrounds: Obesity has an impact on children?s growth and development and childhood obesity has a high risk of becoming adulthood obesity and its complications. There hasn?t been any data published that reported either on the prevalence of obesity among kindergarten students nor factors contributing to it (e.g. parental education). This research was conducted to figure out the prevalence of obesity among kindergarten students and its relation to parental education.

Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study. Height and weight measurements were performed to subjects, and then questionnaires were given to asses the risk factors.

Results: Prevalence of obesity among kindergarten students is 28,1% and there is statistically significant relation (p=0,01; RO: 9,435 (1,198-74,290)) between childhood obesity and maternal education.

Conclusions: In this study, prevalence of obesity is greater than that of 1995 SUSENAS. There is a relation between obesity and maternal education."

"

Pendahuluan: Tremor merupakan salah satu gangguan gerak yang sering ditemukan dalam praktik sehari-hari dan memiliki potensi dampak tinggi terhadap terjadinya disabilitas. Tremor dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai macam faktor dan salah satunya adalah pajanan uap merkuri. Di Indonesia, terdapat sekitar 150.000 pekerja Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil (PESK) yang berisiko terpajan merkuri, dan sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian yang secara spesifik menilai prevalensi tremor terkait pajanan merkuri pada pekerja PESK dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan.

Metode: Desain potong lintang digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mencari hubungan antara usia, kebiasaan merokok, masa kerja sebagai penambang, jenis aktivitas bekerja dalam PESK, kebiasaan menyemprot pestisida dan kadar merkuri urin dengan tremor pada pekerja PESK di provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Banten. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner asesmen kesehatan populasi terpajan merkuri dari WHO UNEP, pemeriksaan fisis finger to nose, dan kadar merkuri urin terkoreksi kreatinin

Hasil: Prevalensi tremor pada pekerja PESK di provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Banten didapatkan sebesar 8,6% dengan faktor yang paling berhubungan adalah usia > 40 tahun (OR = 5,09; 95% CI = 1,05 – 24,48; p = 0,02)

Kesimpulan: Didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara usia > 40 tahun dengan tremor pada pekerja PESK. Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan merokok, masa kerja sebagai penambang, jenis aktivitas bekerja dalam PESK, kebiasaan menyemprot pestisida dan nilai Indeks Pajanan Biologis dengan tremor. Tidak didapatkan hubungan antara pajanan merkuri dengan tremor.

 

Kata kunci: tremor, PESK, merkuri

 

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Introduction: Tremor is a movement disorder that is oftenly found in daily practice and has high potential impact related to disability. Tremor can be caused by various factors and one of them is exposure to mercury vapor. In Indonesia, there are around 150,000 Artisanal Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) workers who are at risk of being exposed to mercury, and to date no studies have specifically assessed the prevalence of tremors related to mercury exposure in Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) workers and its related factors.

Method: A cross-sectional design study was used to find the relationship of age, smoking habits, working period as a miner, type of work activities in ASGM, history of spraying pesticides and the level of urinary mercury with tremor in ASGM workers in West Nusa Tenggara and Banten province. The instrument used is a health assessment questionnaire of mercury-exposed population established by WHO UNEP, finger to nose physical examination, and creatinine-corrected urinary mercury levels.

Results: The prevalence of tremor in ASGM workers in West Nusa Tenggara and Banten provinces was 8.6% with the most related factor was age > 40 years-old (OR = 5.09, 95% CI = 1.05 - 24.48, p = 0.02)

Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between age > 40 years-old and tremor amongst ASGM workers. No significant relationship was found between smoking habits, working period as a miner, type of work activities in ASGM, history of spraying pesticides and the level of Biological Exposure Index with tremor. There was no relationship between mercury exposure and tremor.

 

Keywords: tremor, ASGM, mercury

"

"Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki deposit laterit yang cukup tinggi, khususnya pulau Sulawesi, sehingga Indonesia memiliki bahan baku yang cukup untuk memproduksi ferronickel. Di dalam lapisan laterit, limonit memiliki kadar Ni yang cukup rendah yaitu sekitar 0,8-1,5%. Kadar yang tidak ekonomis untuk dilakukan proses reduksi.Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kadar collector asam stearat serta frother asam kresilat terhadap perolehan unsur nikel yang terbentuk (nilai % recovery Ni) dari bijih limonit setelah dilakukan proses flotasi, serta mengetahui kombinasi yang tepat antara collector dan frother sehingga dihasilkan nilai % recovery yang optimum. Pada penelitian ini, collector yang digunakan adalah asam stearat dengan konsentrasi sebesar 500g/ton, 1000g/ton, 1500g/ton, 2000g/ton, dan 2500g/ton. Sementara frother yang digunakan adalah asam kresilat dengan konsentrasi sebesar 100g/ton, 175g/ton, dan 250g/ton. Dengan volume larutan yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 300ml larutan, dan dengan kecepatan agitator sebesar 1750rpm selama 6 menit. Uji komposisi kimia sebelum dan setelah penelitian dilakukan sebagai parameter untuk memastikan pengaruh dari proses flotasi yang dilakukan. Proses pengujian komposisi kimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan XRD serta XRF.Hasil perhitungan % recovery Nikel menunjukkan kecenderungan turun seiring penambahan collector kemudian seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah collector pada sampel buih baik pada Ni maupun Fe (optimum pada penambahan collector sebesar 2500g/ton dan frother sebesar 100g/ton).

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Indonesia is one of the country that has high deposit of laterit ore, especially Sulawesi Island, thus Indonesia has enough raw material to produce ferronickel. In the lateritic layer, limonite has low grade content of Ni and its about 0,8-1,5%. It is less economic to use reduction process.

The aim of this research is to know the effect of stearic acid and cresylic acid content addition to the recovery of Ni from Limonite after flotation process. It also to know the best combination between collector and frother to get optimum recovery of Ni or Fe. On this research, the collector that used is stearic acid with its concentration about 500g/ton, 1000g/ton, 1500g/ton, 2000g/ton, and 2500g/ton. The frother that used in this research is cresylic acid with its concentration is 100g/ton, 175g/ton, and 250g/ton. Using pulp density about 300cc with agitator speed is 1750rpm as long as 6 minutes. Chemical test of raw material and sample after flotation process is using XRD and XRF.

The result of recovery calculation shows that the % recovery tend to decrease at the first addition of collector, but it increase together with addition of collector on the froth sample both on Ni and Fe (optimum when collector 2500g/ton and frother 100g/ton)."

"Penyakit infeksi bakteri memiliki prevalensi yang tinggi di negara berkembang. Selain obat-obatan kimia sintesis, herbal menjadi salah satu pilihan. Skrining aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak metanol kulit buah dan ekstrak metanol daun Garcinia latissma telah dilakukan dan memberikan efek hambat terhadap pertumbuhan Bacillus subtilis. Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antimikroba fraksi-fraksi dari eksrak metanol buah dan ekstrak metanol daun Garcinia latissima terhadap Bacillus subtilis. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji zona hambat menggunakan cakram kertas, uji konsentrasi hambat minimal KHM mikrodilusi, dan uji bioautografi kontak. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan kedua ekstrak memiliki fraksi yang potensial sebagai antimikroba. Pada uji zona hambat dan uji KHM, hasil menunjukkan fraksi yang paling potensial adalah fraksi yang cenderung bersifat semipolar. Hal itu ditunjukkan dengan diameter zona yang paling lebar yaitu 0,82 cm untuk buah; 0,89 cm untuk daun dan angka KHM mikrodilusi yang paling rendah yaitu 312,5 ppm untuk buah dan daun. Pada uji bioautografi fraksi-fraksi ekstrak metanol buah, hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa bercak yang menghasilkan zona hambat paling jelas ditunjukkan oleh fraksi A dengan Rf = 0-0,157; fraksi B dengan Rf = 0,114 dan 0,686; fraksi C dengan Rf = 0,257 dan 0,528; fraksi D dengan Rf = 0-0,214; dan fraksi E dengan Rf = 0-0,186. Sedangkan pada fraksi-fraksi ekstrak metanol daun, hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa zona hambat paling jelas ditunjukkan oleh fraksi B dengan Rf = 0,443 dan 0,557; fraksi C dengan Rf = 0,729; fraksi D dengan Rf = 0,586 dan 0,471; dan fraksi E dengan Rf = 0,686.

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In developing country, bacterial infection disease has a high prevalence. Aside from synthesis chemical drugs, herbs can be also chosen as an option. Antimicrobial activity screening of fruits methanol extract and leaves methanol extract of Garcinia latissima had been tested and showed the growth inhibition effect against Bacillus subtilis. This study aimed to examine the fractions of fruits methanol extract and leaves methanol extract of Garcinia latissima which showed the antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis. The methods used were inhibitory zone test with paper disk method, minimum inhibitory concentration MIC with microdilution method, and bioautography test with contact method. Results showed that both extracts contained potential fractions as antimicrobial agents. The inhibitory zone test and MIC test showed the most potential fractions were the fractions with semi polar properties. It was shown by the widest diameter data inhibitory zone test which resulted were 0.82 cm for fruits extract fractions 0.89 cm for leaves extract fractions and the lowest MIC numbers were 312,5 ppm for both fruits and leaves extract fractions. Through bioautography test, fruits methanol extract fractions resulted the best inhibitory zones were shown by the observation data of fraction A, Rf value 0 0,157 fraction B, Rf value 0,114 and 0,686 fraction C, Rf value 0,257 and 0,528 fraction D, Rf value 0 0,214 and fraction E, Rf value 0 0,186. The leaves methanol extract fractions resulted the best inhibitory zones were shown by the observation data of fraction B, Rf value 0,443 and 0,557 fraction C, Rf value 0,729 fraction D, Rf value 0,586 and 0,471 and fraction E, Rf value 0,686."

"ABSTRACTAim: to detect Y-chromosomal microdeletion in Indonesian men with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia using multiplex PCR. Methods: we performed 2 multiplex PCR amplifications of the Azoospermia Factor (AZF) region in 71 men. Criteria for including a patient were fulfilled if they presented with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia, with or without additional abnormalities of sperm motility or of head morphology, raised or normal levels of FSH, normal levels of LH and testosterone, and with no evidence of testicular tumors or other abnormalities. Five men participated as control persons. Results: partial deletion of AZFa was found in 11 men (15.49%), complete deletion of AZFb in 1 man (1.4%), and complete deletion of AZFc in 1 man (1.4%). The unspecific type of deletion was also detected, including the DBY gene in 2 men (2.81%), and partial deletion of both AZFa and AZFb in 2 men (2.81%). No AZF deletion was observed in the control probands. Related to the type of deletion, the AZFa and AZFb deletion showed spermatogenesis arrest in most tubules, while deletion of the DBY gene is associated with the sertoli cell only (SCO) syndrome. Conclusion: the frequency of partial deletion of AZFa was found to be relatively high in our center. The type of deletion is associated with the testicular histology."

"ABSTRAKPraktik kerja profesi di Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan bertujuan untuk memahami peranan, tugas, dan tanggung jawab apoteker di instansi pemerintahan seperti suku dinas kesehatan, memiliki pengetahuan tentang tugas pokok dan fungsi suku dinas kesehatan di bidang farmasi, memiliki wawasan, pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan pengalaman praktis melakukan pekerjaan di suku dinas kesehatan, serta memiliki gambaran nyata tentang permasalahan kefarmasian di suku dinas kesehatan. Praktik kerja profesi ini dilaksanakan selama dua minggu dengan tugas khusus yaitu ldquo;Data Persebaran Apotek Wilayah Administrasi Jakarta Selatan rdquo;. Pendirian Apotek harus sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Pemerintah dan dinas terkait juga harus mengontrol perizinan Apotek dengan mempertimbangkan persebarannya. Tugas khusus ini dibuat untuk melihat persebaran Apotek per Kecamatan di Jakarta Selatan.

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ABSTRACTThe internship at Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan Health Office of South Jakarta aims to understand the role, duties and responsibilities of the pharmacist in government institutions such as the health office, have knowledge about the main tasks and functions of the health office in the field of pharmacy, have insight, knowledge, skills, and practical experience of doing jobs in the tribe of health services, and have a real picture of pharmaceutical problems in the tribe of the health service. This internship is carried out for two weeks with the special assignment of Distribution Data of Pharmacies in South Jakarta . Pharmacy must comply the latest regulatory. Goverment will take control of pharmacy licensing and consider the distribution. This assignment is aimed to observe the distribution of pharmacies per sub-district of South Jakarta. "

"Praktik kerja profesi di Apotek Kimia Farma No 362 Cibinong Periode Januari Tahun 2018 bertujuan untuk memahami tugas dan tanggung jawab apoteker dalam pengelolaan apotek, serta melakukan praktik pelayanan kefarmasian sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan dan etika yang berlaku, memiliki wawasan, pengetahuan, keterampilan dan pengalaman praktis untuk melakukan praktik kefarmasian di apotek, memiliki gambaran nyata tentang permasalahan praktik kefarmasian serta mempelajari strategi dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangka pengembangan praktik kefarmasian. Praktik kerja profesi ini dilaksanakan selama empat minggu dengan tugas khusus yaitu ldquo;Kajian dan Analisis Resep Terkait Penyakit Hiperlipidemia di Apotek Kimia Farma No 362 Cibinong rdquo;. Tujuan dari tugas khusus ini adalah agar calon apoteker dapat mengetahui penyakit hiperlipidemia serta algoritma pengobatannya, mengetahui kelengkapan persyaratan resep pada pengobatan hiperlipidemia, serta melatih calon apoteker untuk dapat memberikan pelayanan kefarmasian terkait pengobatan hiperlipidemia.

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Internship at Kimia Farma 362 Cibinong Pharmacy Period January aims to understand the duties and responsibilities of pharmacists in pharmacy management, as well as to practice pharmaceutical services in accordance with applicable laws and ethics, have the insight, knowledge, skills and practical experience to undertake pharmaceutical practices in pharmacies, can also have the insight of pharmaceutical practice issues and learn strategies and activities that can be undertaken in the course of pharmaceutical practice development. This internship at was conducted for four weeks with special assignment Assessment and Analysis of Prescription Related to Hyperlipidemia at Kimia Farma 362 Cibinong Pharmacy . The purpose of this special assignment is that the prospective pharmacist may know the hyperlipidemia disease and its treatment algorithm, understand the completeness of the prescribing requirements in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and train the pharmacist to be able to provide pharmaceutical services related to the treatment of hyperlipidemia."