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"ABSTRAKTarikat Qadiriah wan Nagsyabandiah, disingkat TQN, didirikan oleh Syekh Ahmad Khatib Sambas pada abad ke-19 M. Awal penyebaran tarikat ini berpusat di Makkah, tetapi sejak abad ke-20 M ketika terjadi penyerbuan tentara Abdul Aziz yang beraliran wahabi dan anti tarikat, pusat penyebaran tarikat ini tidak lagi di Mekkah. Pusat penyebaran tarikat kemudian bergeser ke Indonesia.Dalam sebuah tarikat terdapat pemimpin tertinggi yang disebut mursyid. Mursyid ini memegang kekuasaan tertinggi dalam tarikat. Di Jombang, TQN yang dipimpin oleh Kyai Dhimyati ini mempunyai ciri-ciri kepemimpinan. Pertama, rekruitmen dan suksesi kepemimpinan tidak lagi bersifat tertutup dan menjadi otoritas mutlak mursyid, suksesi kepemimpinan telah bergeser pada pemilihan mursyid dengan Cara musyawarah, hanya saja faktor keturunan atau geneologi masih tetap mendominasi. Kedua, mempunyai efektifitas dan otoritas kepemimpinan yang masih sangat kuat dan tidak tergoyahkan. Ketiga, mempunyai pengaruh wilayah kepemimpinan yang terbatas tetapi memiliki wilayah penyebaran yang relatif luas dan tidak terbatas.Itulah sebuah kepemimpinan yang berlaku pada masyarakat tarikat dengan mursyid sebagai pemimpin tertinggi. Kalau pemimpin informal Islam lainnya telah mengalami pergeseran dan pemudaran otoritas kepemimpinan maka untuk mursyid sebagai pemimpin informal masih tetap memiliki otoritas yang kuat, karena dia masih menempati posisi sentral dalam komunitasnya."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh revolusi yang terjadi pada negara-negara Timur Tengah sejak akhir tahun 2007 sampai sekarang. Gelombang demokratisasi yang disebut denga Arab Spring dimulai dari Tunisia dan terus Mesir, Libya dan Suriah. Menariknya, revolusi terjadi di negara-negara yang secara ekonomi rendah dan secara politik menganut sistem republik. Negara-negara kaya yang berada di bawah sistem monarki berhasil untuk menangani dinamika politik mereka. Namun, negara-negara Teluk khususnya Arab Saudi, mulai khawatir karena revolusi yang melanda beberapa negara di Timur Tengah dipastikan akan mempengaruhi negara mereka. ,,,,,,This research is motivated by the revolution that happen to the Middle East states since the end of 2007 to the present day. The wave of so called democratization started from Tunisia and continued to Egypt, Libya, and Syria. Interestingly, the revolution happened in the countries that are economically low and politically under the republic system. The rich countries that are under monarchy system succeeded to handle their political dynamics. However, the Gulf countries in particular Saudi Arab, has started to worry since the revolution that hit some countries in the Middle East also influence their countries."

"Pesantren merupakan basis terpenting eksistensi kyai di Indonesia. Kyai memiliki otoritas tinggi di pesantren karena pola hubungan yang cenderung bersifat patron client. Kyai menjadi figur utama di mana segala perintahnya selalu diikuti oleh para santri. Tidak hanya dalam bidang agama dalam urusan politik pengaruh kyai juga sangat kuat. Namun saat ini otoritas kyai terhadap para santri dan masyarakat mulai dipertanyakan. Apakah kyai masih memiliki pengaruh kuat terhadap para santri. Apakah pendapat satri dalam hal agama dan politik selalu harus sama dengan kyainya? Untuk dapat melihat secara komprehensif tentang perkembangan pesantren saat ini di Indonesia dan sejauhmaa pengaruh kyai terhadap para santri, penelitian di lakukan di dua pesantren besar di Jawa Timur. Dua pesantren itu adalah Pesantren Darul Ulum Jombang dan Pesantren Langitan Tuban. Pesantren Darul Ulum mewakili pesantren besar yang melakukan tranformasi dari pesantren tradisional menjadi pesantren modern sementara Pesantren Langitan merupakan pesantren besar yang tetap bertahan sebagai pesantren tradisional.

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Pesantren is a typical Indonesian cultural heritage. Pesantren is also the oldest religious institutions in Indonesia and has played a significant role contributing to the development of the Indonesian nation building. Various roles in society, in the fieldof education, economic, social, religious or political have been played by the alumni of the pesantren. Currently the role of pesantren itself is being challenged by modernization that allows it to adjust with socio economics realities. In order to survive the pesantren as a traditional education in Indonesia has to change or transform in modern one. In fact this change has brought a lot impacts and consequences. Ranging from identity, authority and student-teacher relationship. This articles seeks to analysis the changing of pesantren in responding modenization and how this change affects its unieqe institutional culture. It is interesting to note that both pesantren Darul Ulum and Langitan have decline in terms of their ulama authorities as result of the fast changing society and modernization."

"[ABSTRAKPengenalan kembali ormas-ormas Islam ini menjadi penting agar para generasi muda lebih tertarik untuk mengukuhkan kembali peran-peran itu. Mengingat saat ini banyak ormas-ormas Islam yang memiliki nilai historis sangat penting bagi bangsa Indonesia tetapi seiring dengan perkembangan waktu mengalami kemundurun. Peran Ormas Islam sangat penting tidak hanya di awal-awal kemerdekaan tetapi terus berkembang hingga saat ini. Peran yang paling penting adalah keberadaan ormas sebagai soko guru penopang karakter bangsa Indonesia dan sebagai lahan persemaian bibit-bibit kepemimpinan bangsa. Ormas-ormas Islam yang dibahas dalam buku ini adalah ormas-ormas yang memiliki sejarah panjang di Indonesia.;The reintroduction of Islamic organizations is important in order that the younger generation of Indonesian Muslim to be more interested in reaffirming the significant roles of the mass Islamic organizations in Indonesia. Today many Islamic organizations that have historical roles in the past are very important for Indonesians but along with the experience of the decline of their roles today. In fact, Islamic organizations have showed their important role not only in the early days of independence, but they continue to grow until today . Their most important contribution is the existence of organizations as the pillar that support the character of the Indonesian nation and as a breeding ground seeds for the nation?s leadership. Mass organizations whic are discussed in this book are the Islamic organizations that have a long history in Indonesia;The reintroduction of Islamic organizations is important in order that the younger generation of Indonesian Muslim to be more interested in reaffirming the significant roles of the mass Islamic organizations in Indonesia. Today many Islamic organizations that have historical roles in the past are very important for Indonesians but along with the experience of the decline of their roles today. In fact, Islamic organizations have showed their important role not only in the early days of independence, but they continue to grow until today . Their most important contribution is the existence of organizations as the pillar that support the character of the Indonesian nation and as a breeding ground seeds for the nation?s leadership. Mass organizations whic are discussed in this book are the Islamic organizations that have a long history in Indonesia;The reintroduction of Islamic organizations is important in order that the younger generation of Indonesian Muslim to be more interested in reaffirming the significant roles of the mass Islamic organizations in Indonesia. Today many Islamic organizations that have historical roles in the past are very important for Indonesians but along with the experience of the decline of their roles today. In fact, Islamic organizations have showed their important role not only in the early days of independence, but they continue to grow until today . Their most important contribution is the existence of organizations as the pillar that support the character of the Indonesian nation and as a breeding ground seeds for the nation?s leadership. Mass organizations whic are discussed in this book are the Islamic organizations that have a long history in Indonesia, The reintroduction of Islamic organizations is important in order that the younger generation of Indonesian Muslim to be more interested in reaffirming the significant roles of the mass Islamic organizations in Indonesia. Today many Islamic organizations that have historical roles in the past are very important for Indonesians but along with the experience of the decline of their roles today. In fact, Islamic organizations have showed their important role not only in the early days of independence, but they continue to grow until today . Their most important contribution is the existence of organizations as the pillar that support the character of the Indonesian nation and as a breeding ground seeds for the nation’s leadership. Mass organizations whic are discussed in this book are the Islamic organizations that have a long history in Indonesia]"

"A pesantren is a typical component of the Indonesian cultural heritage. Besides being thought of as one of the oldest type of educational institutions in Indonesia, pesantren have played a significant contributing role in the process of nation building in modern Indonesia. Pesantren have many roles in society in education, the economy and in the social and political fields in which pesantren alumni play a role. Currently, pesantren roles are being challenged by modernization and they have to change or transform into modern institutions in order to survive. Nevertheless, traditional pesantren continue to resists change and they insist on preserving their identity in terms of authority and student teacher relationships. This article seeks to analyse the efforts that the traditional Pesantren Cidahu in Banten makes to preserve its identity and to maintain its authority in modern society. By hanging on to modest practices, Pesantren Cidahu manages to continue to exert strong influence over its students and over the society in West Java in general."

"Pemberontakan-pemberontakan Islam yang mentargetkan negara telah berjuang dalam jangka waktu yang sangat panjang melakukan perlawanan terhadap negara Indonesia, yang diawali oleh deklarasi Negara Islam Indonesia ( NII ) di Jawa Barat pada tahun 1949 hingga saat ini. Pemberontakan-pemberontakan mengatasnamakan Islam ini diwakili oleh berbagai kelompok dan faksi-faksi yang berbeda, tetapi berasal dari gerakan yang disebut Darul Islam ( DI ) pimpinan Kartosuwiryo. Saat ini beberapa tindakan radikalisme dan kegiatan teroris lainnya juga memiliki hubungan dengan kelompok-kelompok yang berkaitan dengan Darul Islam. Meskipun gerakan-gerakan yang dipengaruhi oleh Darul Islam telah beroperasi secara sembunyi-sembunyi tetapi keberadaan mereka masih nampak. Beberapa berusaha untuk mencapai tujuan mereka dalam membangun gagasan negara Islam di Indonesia melalui dakwah, tetapi beberapa dari mereka memilih untuk telah menerapkan cara yang lebih radikal melalui kekerasan. Negara Islam Indonesia ( NII ) dan Jemaah Islamiyah ( JI ) dan beberapa orang yang masuk organisasi Islamic State in Iraq and Syiria (ISIS) adalah bagian dari kelompok Darul Islam yang diduga memiliki keterlibatan dalam kegiatan teroris di Indonesia.

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The Islamic state-motivated rebellions have fought long periods of resistance against the secular Indonesian state, dating from the 1949 declaration of the Islamic State of Indonesia, Negara Islam Indonesia (NII) in West Java up to the present. The rebellions have been represented by various groups and factions, but originated from the movement called Darul Islam (DI) led by Kartosuwiryo in West Java. Currently some violence and other terrorist activities also have connection with groups associate with Darul Islam. Even though Darul Islam- linked movements has operated clandestine but their existences are still apparent. Some have worked to achieve their objective in establishing the notion of Islamic state in Indonesia through predication (dakwah) but some has applied more radical ways through violence. Negara Islam Indonesia (NII) and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) are Darul Islam associated groups that have been suspected for their involvements in terrorist activities in Indonesia."