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Abstrak :
This research investigates whether Chinese cross-border investments have positive impact on shareholders wealth and whether the amount of bidders? free cash flow influences the shareholder returns resulted from the acquisitions. The sample is based on 77 top Chinese cross-border investments during the years 2005-2009 with each deal value of minimum US$100 million. The assessments of acquisition abnormal returns are based on the event study methodology (Brown & Warner, 1985). Cross-sectional regression analysis is used to determine the bidding firms factors which significantly affect the returns. Factors are examined using OLS with White?s heteroscedasticity-corrected standard errors, since the assumption of homoscedasticity is likely to be violated. The study proves Chinese cross- border acquisitions result in positive abnormal returns which is consistent with synergy hypothesis. The amount of bidders? free cash flow is also found to be marginally but positively associated with shareholders return which is consistent with Myers and Majluf?s pecking order hypothesis but unsupportive of Jensen?s free cash flow hypothesis.

Abstrak :
Disertasi ini mempelajari hubungan antara posisi perusahaan di dalam piramida dan biaya utang perusahaan di pasar keuangan suatu negara berkembang di Asia dengan karakteristik pasar antara lain: terdapat banyak perusahaan piramida, sistem perlindungan hukum yang lemah, dan ketergantungan pada utang bank. Kami menganalisa topik ini dengan menggunakan sampel kontrak utang bank di Indonesia selama periode 2006-2016. Kami menemukan bahwa bank menetapkan suku bunga lebih rendah pada perusahaan yang berada pada lapisan bawah dalam rantai piramida, bahkan setelah kami mengontrol berbagai faktor termasuk expropriation risk. Penemuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa bank menganggap perusahaan di lapisan bawah menerima co-insurance effect yang lebih besar daripada perusahaan di lapisan atas karena terdapat lebih banyak group internal resources yang dapat diakses oleh perusahaan di lapisan bawah yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan credit risk. ...... This dissertation empirically tests the relationship between the position of a firm in a pyramidal business group and the firm rsquo;s bank loan spread, in an Asian emerging market with a high incidence of pyramidal firms, a weak legal system, and high corporate dependency on bank loans. We use a data set of bank loan contracts for Indonesian pyramidal firms from 2006 to 2016. We find that banks charge lower loan prices to firms that are located in lower layers of a pyramidal chain, even after we control for many factors including expropriation risk. The finding suggests that banks consider that lower-layer firms receive a greater co-insurance effect than upper-layer firms because more internal resources are available down the ownership chain to lower credit risk.