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"Flotation is animportant process in mining industries. This process employs the bubble andhydrophobic properties of a particle to separate valuable mining particles fromimpurities. The most important phenomenon in determining flotation efficiencyis the bubble-particle interaction; therefore, understanding this phenomenon isvery important. The aim of this research is to study the mechanism ofbubble-particle interactions with and without the addition of a collector. Theexperimental setup consists of a water container, bubble generator, particlefeeding system, and an image capturing system. The water container is made fromtransparent material of a size large enough so that the wall?s effects onbubbles and particles can be neglected. Air bubbles are generated by a bubblegenerator which consists of a small nozzle and programmable syringe pump. Ahigh speed video camera and halogen lamp backlighting system are used as imagecapturing devices. Observation of the images reveals that bubble-particleinteraction follows the stages of bubble-particle collision, particle attachedto the bubble, and particle detached from the bubble. The addition of acollector to the liquid affects the bubble-particle interactions."

"Batik waste can increase water characteristics, such as turbidity, color and total suspended solids (TSS). Thus, an efficient technique for separating Batik from the liquid to decrease these characteristics is needed. The aim of the current study was to understand the results of flotation using electrolysis and to investigate the bubble characteristics that influence the results of the flotation of Batik waste. Flotation studies have been conducted using electrolysis to produce bubbles to separate batik synthetic dye from the liquid. Research conducted with 316L stainless steel electrodes, inside a 100 cm tall acrylic pipe with an inner diameter of 8.4 cm and a voltage variation of 10, 15 and 20 V. Batik waste was mixed with distilled water. Commercial alum powder [aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3.14H2O, that is 17% Al2O3] as the reagent was added to coagulate Batik waste in a ratio of 1 gram per 10 ml of Batik waste. The results showed that flotation of Batik waste can be used to separate Batik waste with the addition of alum. Alum was shown to be capable of acting as a collector in this type of waste separation. The results showed that flotation using electrolysis could be an effective method for reducing turbidity, color and TSS."

"The geography of Indonesia renders it difficult to connect many areas to the national electricity grid. To overcome these problems, people need to be able to generate their own electricity. Pico hydro has been proven to be a cost-effective solution for electrification. The Turgo turbine is known for its reliability and strength, and it can perform efficiently with a range of flows. The Turgo’s blade consists of an inlet and outlet trail with a curve that joins them. The curve in this study will be made from a simple circle arc to improve manufacturability. Three blades were designed using a basic calculation derived from the velocity triangles, with each blade having a different circle radius. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is used to determine the stream flow through the blade at a level of detail that cannot be obtained using other methods. The boundary conditions used in the study include 2.7 meters of head and a 21 l/s flow rate, a steady-state homogenous multiphase, and the turbulent models used SST k-?. The result shows that the Turgo turbine with a 60 mm arc radius generated 477.7 Watts and has an efficiency of 85.97%, the highest when compared to the other two blades that used 50 mm and 55 mm arc radii, respectively."

"Batik waste can increase water characteristics, such as turbidity, colorand total suspended solids (TSS). Thus, an efficient technique for separatingBatik from the liquid to decrease these characteristics is needed. The aim ofthe current study was to understand the results of flotation using electrolysisand to investigate the bubble characteristics that influence the results of theflotation of Batik waste. Flotation studies have been conducted usingelectrolysis to produce bubbles to separate batik synthetic dye from theliquid. Research conducted with 316L stainless steel electrodes, inside a 100cm tall acrylic pipe with an inner diameter of 8.4 cm and a voltage variationof 10, 15 and 20 V. Batik waste was mixed with distilled water. Commercial alumpowder [aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3.14H2O,that is 17% Al2O3] as the reagent was added to coagulateBatik waste in a ratio of 1 gram per 10 ml of Batik waste. The results showedthat flotation of Batik waste can be used to separate Batik waste with theaddition of alum. Alum was shown to be capable of acting as a collector in thistype of waste separation. The results showed that flotation using electrolysiscould be an effective method for reducing turbidity, color and TSS."