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Abstrak :
The crime of drugs abuse has resulted in a new phenomenon in the illegal underworld of indonesia. The significant rise of drugs-related crimes can be seen in the large numbers of people detained in correctional institutions and detention facilities in Indonesia. This condition obviously affects the attempts to guide these offenders, which is one of the objectives of a criminal justice system. Without serious, thorough and continuous attempts to tackle the problem, the whole correctional system will be affected for the worse. This study intends to describe how routine activities of the ofncers and their contacts with inmates do not result in involvement with distribution of drugs in correctional institutions. The method of data collection used was by depth-interviewing informants. The number of informants was four officers of Tangerang Juvenile Correctional Institution. informants are selected purposively to portray various characteristics and routine activities, contact and noninvolvement in drugs distribution in the correctional institution. To find out whether there were any involvement in such abuse; data analysis was done by coding the obtained data to create a working hypothesis and analyzing it, resulting in the conclusions of the study. Based on the findings of the study, it can be deduced that routine activities, such as those described by Cohen and Felson, did not always result in abuses of power in the form of involvement of officers in drugs distribution, although there were contacts at the same place and time between officers and drugs-related inmates. The interaction and learning processes, according to the differential association theory, did not result in involvement of officers due to the definition and rationale of the officers that involvement in drugs distribution in the correctional institution is in violation of the law, resulting in adverse consequences. This understanding prevents distribution of drugs, as value systems of officers affect them not to be involved in distribution of drugs.

Abstrak :
Pemilihan judul penelitian dilatar belakangi oleh adanya indikasi banyaknya temuan tim pemeriksa atas terjadinya penyimpangan dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa pada proyek pembangunan di lingkungan Ditjen.Cipta Karya sehingga hasilnya belum sesuai dengan sasaran kebijakan pemerintah di bidang pengadaan barang dan jasa yang tertuang dalam Keppres 16 tahun 1994.

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan substansi program pelatihan yang dapat dikembangkan dalam rangka peningkatan kemampuan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) panitia pengadaan sebagai aparatur pelaksana pengadaan barang dan jasa berdasarkan ketentuan Keppres 16/1994.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah diskriptif komparatif yang dapat memberikan jawaban secara mendasar tentang sebab dan akibat dengan pengumpulan informasi sebanyak mungkin tentang masalah yang terjadi termasuk hubungan kegiatan, sikap, pandangan dan proses yang sedang berlangsung pada pelaksanaan pengadaan barang dan jasa di lingkungan Ditjen. Cipta Karya.

Analisis peningkatan SDM dilakukan dengan pendekatan teori perubahan perilaku dengan lour partisipatif dari perubahan pengetahuan, perubahan sikap, perubahan perilaku individu dan akhirnya perubahan perilaku kelompok menuju efektifitas panitia pengadaan. Teknis analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif dengan menggunakan data primer yang dikompilasi dari responden terdiri staf/pejabat di lingkungan Ditjen. Cipta Karya dan rekanan pengadaan barang dan jasa melalui kuesioner dan hasil wawancara, serta data sekunder yang didapat dari studi pustaka dan informasi dan sumber lain.

Hasil penelitian ini memberi penekanan pada dua aspek penting yaitu aspek kebijaksanaan dalam bentuk kebutuhan pedoman rinci dan ringkasan ketentuan pengadaan barang dan jasa Keppres. 16/1994, serta aspek kemampuan SDM yang perlu ditingkatkan melalui program pelatihan pelaksanaan ketentuan pengadaan. Ketersediaan SDM yang mampu dan didukung dengan ketentuan yang rinci dan terapan secara konseptual akan meningkatkan efektifitas panitia pengadaan, sehingga sasaran kebijaksanaan pemerintah di bidang pengadaan barang dapat tercapai.

Hasil kajian substansi Keppres. 16/1994 dan permasalahan yang terjadi dalam pelaksanaannya dan dikaitkan dengan perkembangan arus swastanisai serta menyongsong era globalisasi di bidang pengadaan barang dan jasa, merupakan masukan untuk usulan rumusan penyempurnaan Keppres. 16 Tahun 1994.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sonikasi dengan media air terhadap serbuk timbal sebagai material aktif elektroda positif (PAM) dan hubunganya terhadap kapasitas baterai lead acid. Serbuk timbal yang dipakai merupakan standar pabrik yang di produksi dengan metode ball mill (Shimadzu). Serbuk timbal hasil sonikasi kemudian dianalisa dengan Partikel Size Analizer (PSA), X-ray diffraction ( XRD), GSAS, SEM/EDS dan Gravimetric Free Lead Test. Aglomerasi serbuk timbal terjadi pada awal proses sonikasi. Telah didapat serbuk timbal dengan ukuran nano (92 nm) pada sonikasi 600 menit. Serbuk timbal hasil sonikasi digunakan sebagai elektroda positif yang dipasangkan dengan elektroda negarif dari standar pabrik. Kapasitas mula yang dihasilkan ternyata lebih kecil dari kapasitas standar pabrik hal ini karena hilangnya komponen free lead pada serbuk timbal hasil sonikasi. Semakin kecil free lead yang terkandung dalam serbuk timbal hasil sonikasi dengan media air, PAM secara mekanik tidak stabil, proses formasi sulit dan kapasitas baterai yang dihasilkan semakin kecil. Ditemukan pula bahwa semakin besar ukuran partikel serbuk timbal sebagai bahan material aktif positif maka umur pakai baterai semakin baik.

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ABSTRACT
Our goal in this research was to determine the effect of sonication leady oxide with distilled water as positive active material (PAM) and relation to the lead acid batteries capacity. Industrial product leady oxide (ball mill method) was used as raw material in this research. The prepared leady oxide was characterized and analyzed by particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), GSAS, SEM/EDS and Gravimetric Free Lead Test. Agglomeration occurs at the beginning of sonication. Been obtained the nanostructure leady oxide with particle size 92 nm at 600 minutes sonication. It?s sonication results are used as positive electrode which coupled with industrial negatives plates. The resulting initial capacity is smaller than Industrial product because loss of free lead components on leady oxide sonication results. The lack of free lead components in leady oxide as a result of water solvent sonication, cause PAM is mechanically unstable and difficult to form, and hence the plates have lower capacity. It was also obtained that larger particle size of leady-oxide , the life cycle of the battery is getting better;Our goal in this research was to determine the effect of sonication leady oxide with distilled water as positive active material (PAM) and relation to the lead acid batteries capacity. Industrial product leady oxide (ball mill method) was used as raw material in this research. The prepared leady oxide was characterized and analyzed by particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), GSAS, SEM/EDS and Gravimetric Free Lead Test. Agglomeration occurs at the beginning of sonication. Been obtained the nanostructure leady oxide with particle size 92 nm at 600 minutes sonication. It?s sonication results are used as positive electrode which coupled with industrial negatives plates. The resulting initial capacity is smaller than Industrial product because loss of free lead components on leady oxide sonication results. The lack of free lead components in leady oxide as a result of water solvent sonication, cause PAM is mechanically unstable and difficult to form, and hence the plates have lower capacity. It was also obtained that larger particle size of leady-oxide , the life cycle of the battery is getting better;Our goal in this research was to determine the effect of sonication leady oxide with distilled water as positive active material (PAM) and relation to the lead acid batteries capacity. Industrial product leady oxide (ball mill method) was used as raw material in this research. The prepared leady oxide was characterized and analyzed by particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), GSAS, SEM/EDS and Gravimetric Free Lead Test. Agglomeration occurs at the beginning of sonication. Been obtained the nanostructure leady oxide with particle size 92 nm at 600 minutes sonication. It’s sonication results are used as positive electrode which coupled with industrial negatives plates. The resulting initial capacity is smaller than Industrial product because loss of free lead components on leady oxide sonication results. The lack of free lead components in leady oxide as a result of water solvent sonication, cause PAM is mechanically unstable and difficult to form, and hence the plates have lower capacity. It was also obtained that larger particle size of leady-oxide , the life cycle of the battery is getting better;Our goal in this research was to determine the effect of sonication leady oxide with distilled water as positive active material (PAM) and relation to the lead acid batteries capacity. Industrial product leady oxide (ball mill method) was used as raw material in this research. The prepared leady oxide was characterized and analyzed by particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), GSAS, SEM/EDS and Gravimetric Free Lead Test. Agglomeration occurs at the beginning of sonication. Been obtained the nanostructure leady oxide with particle size 92 nm at 600 minutes sonication. It’s sonication results are used as positive electrode which coupled with industrial negatives plates. The resulting initial capacity is smaller than Industrial product because loss of free lead components on leady oxide sonication results. The lack of free lead components in leady oxide as a result of water solvent sonication, cause PAM is mechanically unstable and difficult to form, and hence the plates have lower capacity. It was also obtained that larger particle size of leady-oxide , the life cycle of the battery is getting better, Our goal in this research was to determine the effect of sonication leady oxide with distilled water as positive active material (PAM) and relation to the lead acid batteries capacity. Industrial product leady oxide (ball mill method) was used as raw material in this research. The prepared leady oxide was characterized and analyzed by particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), GSAS, SEM/EDS and Gravimetric Free Lead Test. Agglomeration occurs at the beginning of sonication. Been obtained the nanostructure leady oxide with particle size 92 nm at 600 minutes sonication. It’s sonication results are used as positive electrode which coupled with industrial negatives plates. The resulting initial capacity is smaller than Industrial product because loss of free lead components on leady oxide sonication results. The lack of free lead components in leady oxide as a result of water solvent sonication, cause PAM is mechanically unstable and difficult to form, and hence the plates have lower capacity. It was also obtained that larger particle size of leady-oxide , the life cycle of the battery is getting better]

Abstrak :
Pencapaian target penerimaan pajak oleh otoritas pajak antara lain dilakukan dengan menggunakan pola extra effort melalui kebijakan penggalian potensi pajak berbasis profil Wajib Pajak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui pengaruh penggalian potensi pajak berbasis profil Wajib Pajak Badan terhadap peningkatan penerimaan pajak, (2) mengetahui optimalitas hasil penggalian potensi pajak berbasis profil Wajib Pajak badan. Pendekatan pada penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif-kualitatif yaitu analisis kuantitatif yang didukung uraian dari data kualitatif. Dengan menggunakan data pembayaran wajib pajak penentu penerimaan, data extra effort, dan hasil wawancara dengan pihak terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) adanya hubungan positif antara penggalian potensi pajak berbasis profil Wajib Pajak dengan peningkatan penerimaan pajak, karena dengan menggunakan profil Wajib Pajak penggalian potensi pajak dapat dilakukan secara comprehensive, sehingga memberikan hasil lebih maksimal, (2) penggalian potensi pajak berbasis profil Wajib Pajak yang dilakukan KPP belum memberikan hasil yang optimal karena target extra effort untuk tiga tahun yang diteliti tidak pernah tercapai. ......Achievement the tax revenue target by tax authorities among others, performed by using the pattern through the extra effort of potential tax policy based taxpayers profile. Using data the payment acceptance determinants tax payers, an extra effort of data, and interviews, this research to (1) determine the effect of potential tax based profile corporate taxpayers on increased tax revenue; (2) determine the optimality results potential tax excavation based profile corporate taxpayers. This research use approach quantitative-qualitative that is quantitative analysis supported by qualitative data. The Research results (1) showed of the positive relationship between tax excavation based profile corporate taxpayers with increase in tax revenue, due to the use profiles of potential taxpayers can be done in a comprehensive, so as to provide maximum results, (2) tax excavation based profile taxpayers the tax office do not provide optimal result because target extra effort for three years under research never unattainable.

Abstrak :
Reaksi dekarboksilasi minyak jarak pagar dengan penambahan Ca(OH)2 berlebih untuk pembuatan hidrokarbon setara fraksi diesel telah dilakukan. Reaksi dilakukan di dalam reaktor batch yang beroperasi pada tekanan atmosferik dan temperatur antara 400-475°C. Variasi yang dilakukan meliputi variasi umpan, temperatur saponifikasi dan temperatur dekarboksilasi. Reaksi dengan umpan excess Ca(OH)2 100% mol, temperatur saponifikasi 200°C dan temperatur dekarboksilasi 475°C memberikan konversi terbesar yaitu 65,44%. Produk cair dianalisa menggunakan FTIR, menunjukkan adanya gugus keton namun tidak dijumpai adanya gugus karboksil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa reaksi dekarboksilasi telah berhasil dilakukan. Analisa GC - MS menunjukkan yield hidrokarbon setara fraksi diesel sebesar 38,18%. Sedangkan analisa sifat fisik yang meliputi densitas dan viskositas menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh Dirjen Migas. ......Decarboxylation reaction of Jatropha curcas oil with Ca(OH)2 excess for hydrocarbon-diesel-like fuel production was conducted. The reaction was carried out in batch reactor at atmospheric pressure and temperature between 400-475°C. The research variations consist of feed, saponification and decarboxylation temperature. The result showed that reaction with excess Ca(OH)2 100% mol, saponification and decarboxylation temperature 200 oC and 475°C respectively, gave the biggest conversion of 65,44%. Liquid product analized with FTIR showed that ketone group was found but not carboxyl. It indicated that the decarboxylation reaction was succeesful. The GC'MS showed that the yield of hydrocarbon-diesel-like fuel was 38,18%. While the physical analysis of density and viscosity showed that product has fulfilled Dirjen Migas's standard.