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"Negara Indonesia terus berupaya untuk maju dan dapat dikenal di dalam lingkungan internasional. Pada bulan November tahun 2006 lalu, Menteri Komunikasi dan Telematika Bapak Sofyan Djalil menandatangani kesepakatan pembelian piranti lunak dengan PT. Microsoft senilai Rp 300 Miliar. MOU yang ditandatangani oleh pemerintah Republik Indonesia dengan PT.Microsoft tersebut juga menyatakan bahwa pemerintah Republik Indonesia menunjuk langsung Microsoft sebagai vendor utama mereka dalam rangka pengadaan program software di instansi-instansi pemerintah. Penunjukan langsung PT.Microsoft oleh pemerintah ini dilaksanakan secara tertutup (bersifat rahasia) dan tidak dilaksanakan proses tender. Penunjukan Microsoft sebagai vendor dalam rangka pelaksanaan program Sistem operasi dan aplikasi perkantoran di instansi-instansi pemerintah tanpa tender tersebut telah melanggar Peraturan Presiden Nomor 85 Tahun 2006 tentang Tata Cara Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa bagi Pemerintah. Dimana untuk transaksi senilai Rp 50 juta atau lebih harus dilaksanakan proses tender oleh pemerintah. Dengan adanya sikap diskriminatif pemerintah terhadap vendor lain dan adanya sikap pemerintah untuk lebih mengutamakan suatu produk maka hal-hal tersebut akan menjadi isu yang sangat penting terutama dalam bidang persaingan usaha. MOU tersebut diduga telah melanggar pasal 17 dan 22 UU No. 5 tahun 1999 namun kasus ini tidak memenuhi unsur-unsur dalam pasal-pasal tersebut. Selain itu juga terdapat pengecualian mengenai perjanjian lisensi dari undang-undang ini sehingga MOU tersebut tidak dapat dikenai pasal-pasal dalam undang-undang No. 5 tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai upaya penanganan pra bencana kebakaran yang dilakukan pada wilayah RW 02, Kelurahan Karang Anyar. Upaya penanganan pra bencana yang dilihat dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari usaha mitigasi dan kesiapsiagaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif dan jenis studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa upaya penanganan pra bencana kebakaran dilakukan secara terus menerus, yaitu berupa pelunakan resiko baik struktural maupun non struktural dan peningkatan rasa waspada dengan pengaruh dari faktor ekonomi, sosial, budaya, dan fisik.

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This research discusses about a pre-fire disaster reinforcement effort which is held by the community of RW 02 at Kelurahan Karang Anyar. The Pre-Fire Disaster Reinforcement Effort which is discussed in this research are mitigation and preparedness. This research uses descriptive approach and qualitative method of a case study type.

The research result shows that an effort in pre-fire disaster reinforcement are continuously conducted, which is risk reduction either structural or non structural and improvement of the alert with the influences from economic factor, social, cultural, and physic."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini berfokus pada syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh pihak yang melakukanpembebasan hak atas tanah agar tanah yang telah dibebaskan tersebut menjadisempurna dan sah secara hukum serta mengenai batasan atau konsep suatupembebasan hak atas tanah serta batasan atau konsep suatu bidang tanah dapatdikatakan sebagai tanah terlantar. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis berpendapatbahwa putusan majelis hakim dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor160/PK/PDT./2011 masih dirasa kurang tepat secara peraturan perundang –undangan dan kurang berlandaskan keadilan. Penelitian dalam tesis ini adalahberbentuk yuridis normatif yang sifatnya preskriptif analitis yang pada akhirnyamemberikan saran agar saksi ahli yang berkompeten di bidangnya dapatdihadirkan dalam suatu persidangan, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pertanahandan dirasa perlunya untuk merevisi beberapa peraturan hukum dalam bidangpertanahan.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis focuses on the conditions that must be met by the party that conductingthe liberation of land rights to land that has been liberated to be perfectlylegitimate and legally binding, as well as regarding to the concept or limitation ofrights over the land liberation as well as the limitation or concept to the land thatcan be said to be displaced. From the results of research, the author argues that thedecision of the Tribunal of judges in the Supreme Court Verdict Number160/PK/PDT./2011 still felt less precise on laws and less based on justice. Theresearch in this thesis is the juridical normative that shaped in prescriptiveanalytical that ultimately provide recommendations to make a competent expertwitnesses in their field can be presented in a trial/court, particularly related to landand felt the need to revise some of the legal regulations in the field of land."

"Background: Adaptation and natural selection serve as an important part of evolution. Adaptation in molecular levelcan lead to genetic drift which causes mutation of genetic material; one of which is polymorphism of mitochondrialDNA (mtDNA). The aim of this study is to verify the polymorphism of mitochondrially-encoded AdenosineTriphosphate synthase6gene (MT-ATP6) as one of mtDNA building blocks among tropic, sub-tropic, and polar areas.Methods: This descriptive quantitative research used 3,210 mtDNA sequences, taken from GenBank, as secondary datafrom 27 different populations. The data were grouped into 3 population groups based on the climates of their location.After grouping, the sequences were then aligned and trimmed using Unipro EUGENE, and analyzed by Arlequin andMitoTool. Results: Results demonstrated 21 haplotypes distributed among 3 populations with variations between eachclimate population. In the tropic and sub-tropic populations, the dominant haplotype is h1 while h6 is dominant in thepolar population. Conclusions: There is a variation of haplotype polymorphism between tropic, sub-tropic, and polarclimate population."

"Psoriasis merupakan penyakit autoimun yang disebabkan kelainan genetik dan dipicu faktor lingkungan, penyakit ini menyerang kulit dan sistemik seperti sendi dan kuku. Sel punca mesenkim (SPM) asal tali pusat manusia memiliki kapasitas proliferasi yang tinggi, imunomodulator yang luas dan imunogenitas yang rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan model tikus psoriasis yang diinduksi dengan krim imiquimod 5% selama 6 hari. Tikus dibagi menjadi kelompok 5 kelompok yang diberi SPM atau Phosphate Nuffer Saline (PBS) secara intradermal atau subkutan serta kontrol normal. Pemberian SPM dan PBS dilakukan sebelum pengolesan krim. Penilaian harian kulit tikus dilakukan dengan skoring modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (mPASI). Setelah pembedahan, kulit tikus dianalisa terhadap ekspresi relatif gen Interleukin (IL)-17 dan IL-10. Sebagian kulit difiksasi dengan formalin dan dilakukan pemeriksaan histologi dan imunohistokimia dengan antibodi Anti-CD11b. Analisa statistik memperlihatkan skor mPASI kelompok SPM mengalami penurunan bermakna dibanding kelompok PBS. Ekspresi relatif gen IL-17 menurun dan gen IL-10 meningkat pada kelompok SPM dibandingkan PBS. Pewarnaan Hematoksilin dan Eosin memperlihatkan rerata tebal epidermis dan jumlah kapiler mengalami penurunan pada kelompok SPM dibanding PBS. Rerata jumlah infiltrasi sel CD11b+ kelompok SPM menurun secara bermakna dibandingkan PBS. Penyuntikan SPM terutama intradermal mampu menyebabkan remisi pada lesi lokal kulit psoriasis pada model tikus Wistar.

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Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting mainly the skin and other parts such as nails and joints. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are highly proliferative immunomodulator cells with low immunogenicity. The Psoriasis rat model was induced with 5% imiquimod cream for 6 days. The rats were divided into 5 groups receiving intradermal or subcutaneous injections of hUC-MSCs or Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS), and a normal control group. MSCs and PBS were administered before cream application. Daily skin assessments were performed using a modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (mPASI) scoring system. After harvest, rat skin was analyzed for relative expression of Interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-10 genes. Some skin samples were fixed with formalin for histological examination and immunohistochemistry with Anti-CD11b antibodies. Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in mPASI scores in the hUC-MSCs group compared to the PBS group. Histology staining revealed a decrease in epidermal thickness and capillary in the hUC-MSCs group. The infiltration of CD11b+ cells significantly decreased in the hUC-MSCs group.  The relative gen expression of IL-17 decreased, while IL-10 gene increased in the hUC-MSCs group. Particularly, intradermal injection of hUC-MSCs induced remission of local psoriasis skin lesions in the rat model."

"Apoteker merupakan tenaga kesehatan yang ikut bertanggung jawab dalam menyediakan pelayanan kesehatan bagi pasien, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Seorang apoteker harus mempunyai ilmu yang mendalam dan pengalaman kerja yang mumpuni agar dapat memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang terbaik bagi pasien. Oleh karena itu, dalam upaya untuk membekali seorang apoteker, mahasiswa program studi apoteker diwajibkan untuk mengikuti Praktik Kerja Profesi Apoteker. Melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan para mahasiswa dapat mengenal lebih dalam mengenai peran dan tugas apoteker, serta dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas terkait dunia kerja kefarmasian. Dengan demikian, kemampuan dan kapabilitas mahasiswa apoteker dapat meningkat. Sebagai salah satu mahasiswa Program Studi Profesi Apoteker, penulis mendapatkan kesempatan untuk melakukan Praktik Kerja Profesi Apoteker di PT Takeda Indonesia periode Juli – Agustus 2021 dan Apotek Kasih periode September 2021. Melalui kegiatan ini, penulis diberikan tugas khusus tentang Pengkajian Mutu Produk dan Analisis Beban Kerja

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.Pharmacists are healthcare workers who are responsible for providing health services for patients, either directly or indirectly. A pharmacist must have in-depth knowledge and qualified work experience in order to provide the best health services for patients. Therefore, in an effort to equip a pharmacist, Apothecary Professional Program's students are required to take the Apothecary Professional Work Practice. The goals of this activity are for students to comprehend more regarding the role and duties of pharmacists, and provide a clearer picture of the world of pharmaceutical work. Thus, the abilities and capabilities of apothecary students can be increased. As a student of the Apothecary Professional Program, the author had the opportunity to do the Apothecary Professional Work Practice at PT Takeda Indonesia for the period July – August 2021 and Apotek Kasih for the period September 2021. Through this opportunity, the author was given a special task regarding Product Quality Review and Workload Analysis."

"Development and Validation of Cyclophosphamide and4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide Quantification Method inVolumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) by LiquidChromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Cyclophosphamide is an anticancer alkylating prodrug, metabolized by CYP450 into its active metabolite, named 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OHCP). Its therapeutic effectiveness is determined by the 4-OHCP concentration. Several analytical methods using plasma and Dried Blood Spot have been developed to analyze cyclophosphamide and 4-OHCP. However, there are lots of disadvantages. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a validated cyclophosphamide and 4-OHCP analysis method with 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide-d4 (4OHCP-d4) as the internal standard in Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. VAMS requires small volume of sample, is not affected by hematocrit, and more efficient sampling process. Sample preparation was started by derivatization with 5 μL semicarbazide hydrochloride to overcome the instability of 4-OHCP and 4-OHCP-d4, which was absorbed by VAMS. Afterwards, 25 μL samples were absorbed into VAMS and extracted using the protein deposition method with methanol. The analysis was performed using a triple quadrupole Mass Spectrometry with positive electrospray ionization mode. The optimum conditions were obtained using the Acquity® UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 x 100 mm; 1.7 μm); flow rate 0.2 mL/min; mobile phase 0.01% formic acid and methanol; gradient elution mode for 6 minutes; multiple reaction monitoring detection with m/z values 260.65>140.03 for cyclophosphamide, 333.65>221.04 for 4-OHCP-SCZ, and 337.71>225.05 for 4-OHCP-d4-SCZ. The method has met the validation requirements set by the FDA (2018). Cyclophosphamide LLOQ value was 5 ng/mL and the calibration curve range was 5 - 60,000 ng/mL. Furthermore, 4-OHCP LLOQ value was 2.5 ng/mL and the calibration curve range was 2.5 - 1,000 ng/mL."

"Meningkatnya populasi dunia mempengaruhi permintaan global, sehingga berbagai sistem produksi berdampak signifikan pada lingkungan. Efisiensi pengelolaan supply chain dapat mengurangi emisi karbon dan mempertahankan keberlanjutan. Penelitian ini mengimplementasikan teknologi blockchain menggunakan Hyperledger Fabric untuk mengelola salah satu komponen supply chain, yaitu perjalanan produk. Dengan blockchain, sistem yang bersifat terdistribusi mengurangi risiko single point of failure dan serangan siber, transaksi irreversible memastikan integritas data, dan transparansi meningkat tanpa memerlukan pihak ketiga. Hyperledger Fabric dipilih karena mekanisme konsensus yang efisien, tidak menggunakan cryptocurrency, open source, dan partisipan yang dikenal dalam jaringan. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana blockchain memberikan traceability, security, dan reliability dalam sistem transportasi supply chain dan pencatatan emisi karbon, serta mengevaluasi hasil implementasinya. Sistem yang dihasilkan memanfaatkan hash block sebagai identifier dari invois perjalanan dan invois transaksi karbon yang digunakan untuk memverifikasi keabsahan invois terkait. Hasil menunjukkan sistem memenuhi fungsionalitas yang diharapkan, meskipun terdapat beberapa skenario dengan waktu respons lambat ketika lebih dari dua puluh user mengakses skenario tersebut secara bersamaan. Pengujian kegunaan yang melibatkan sejumlah responden menunjukkan bahwa sistem CarbonChain cukup user-friendly. Beberapa tanggapan responden menyoroti keamanan data dan transparansi sebagai kelebihan utama teknologi blockchain dalam konteks supply chain dan pencatatan emisi karbon. Penelitian ini terbatas pada pengembangan prototipe tanpa integrasi dengan sistem informasi industri supply chain.

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The increasing global population affects global demand, causing various production systems to significantly impact the environment. Efficient supply chain management can reduce carbon emissions and maintain sustainability. This research implements blockchain technology using Hyperledger Fabric to manage product shipment as one of the supply chain components. With blockchain, the distributed system reduces the risk of single points of failure and cyberattacks, irreversible transactions ensure data integrity, and transparency increases without requiring third parties. Hyperledger Fabric was chosen because of its efficient consensus mechanism, lack of cryptocurrency use, open-source nature, and known participants within the network. This research explores how blockchain provides traceability, security, and reliability in supply chain transportation systems and carbon emission tracking, and evaluates the implementation results. The resulting system uses block hashes as identifiers for shipment invoices and carbon transaction invoices used to verify the validity of the related invoices. The results show that the system meets the expected functionality, although some scenarios experienced slow response times when more than twenty users accessed the scenario simultaneously. Usability testing involving several respondents indicated that the CarbonChain system is quite user-friendly. Some of the surveyees’ feedback highlighted data security and transparency as the main advantages of blockchain technology in the context of supply chain and carbon emission tracking. This research is limited to the development of a prototype without integration with the supply chain industry’s information systems."