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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Faktor penyebab tingginya AKI (346/100.000KH) yaitu belum tercapainya indikator pertolongan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan. Pertolongan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh faktor individu dan provinsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh dan besar kontribusi faktor individu dan provinsi terhadap pertolongan persalinan di enam provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan data SDKI dan profil kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012. Hasil analisis multilevel regresi logistik multinomial menunjukan, determinan pertolongan persalinan meliputi asuhan kehamilan, daerah, asuransi kesehatan, indeks kepemilikan, pekerjaan suami, pekerjaan, pendidikan ibu, paritas, umur, rasio bidan, rasio puskesmas, rasio tempat tidur rumah sakit dan kepadatan penduduk. Faktor provinsi menurunkan 24.22% variasi pertolongan persalinan di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT
The high maternal mortality rate (346 per 100.000 live birth) in Indonesia is caused by several factors, one of it is that Indonesia has not been achieved the indicator of aid deliveries in health facilities. This study aims to look at the influence and the contribution of individual factors and province factor on deliveries in six provinces in Indonesia based on data from Demographic and Health Survey and health profiles of Indonesia in 2012. Based on the analysis of multilevel multinomial logistic regression, the determinant of delivery aid is the individual factors include the antenatal care, regions, health insurance, household wealth index, husband's occupation, employment and education of women of childbearing age, parity and the age of them. The determinant factor of the province covers the ratio of health centers, the ratio of beds and population density. Contextual variables (province factors) decrease 24.22% variation deliveries at six provinces in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat xilitol dari limbah batang/malai sorgum manis CTY-33. Xilitol dibuat melalui proses fermentasi xilosa menggunakan Candida fukuyamaensis UICC Y-247 penghasil enzim xilosa reduktase yang mereduksi xilosa menjadi xilitol. Xilosa didapat dari hidrolisis hemiselulosa dalam limbah batang/malai sorgum manis CTY-33 yang telah dilakukan delignifikasi. Hasil xilosa tertinggi dengan 30 ml larutan H2SO4 0,3M dicapai pada waktu hidrolisis 35 menit yaitu 22,71% dalam hidrolisat malai sorgum manis CTY-33, dan 15,30% dalam hidrolisat batang sorgum manis CTY-33. Yield xilitol tertinggi dicapai pada fermentasi jam ke-12 yaitu 191,07 ppm dari malai, dan yield xilitol dari batang 31,48 ppm. Penambahan kosubstrat glukosa menaikkan kadar xilitol, hasil tertinggi dicapai pada jam ke-12. Penambahan kosubstrat glukosa 300 ppm pada malai menghasilkan xilitol sebesar 291,17 ppm (konversi xilosa menjadi xilitol 38,86 %). dan penambahan kosubstrat glukosa 150 ppm pada batang sebesar 173,44 ppm (konversi xilosa mnjadi xilitol 26,20. ......Producing xylitol from the straw / panicle of sweet sorghum CTY -33 wastes was done. The xylitol produced through the fermentation process of xylose using Candida fukuyamaensis UICC Y-247 which reduced xylose to xylitol using xylose reductase enzyme. The hemicellulose in the straw/panicle sweet sorghum CTY-33 wastes was hydrolized by 30 mL sulfuric acid 0,3 M after delignification. The highest xylose in the hydrolyzate of panicle during 35 minutes was 22.71 % and from straw was15.30 %. The highest xylitol yield reached in 12-hours fermentation, panicle xylitol yield was 191.07 ppm and straw xylitol yield was 31.48 ppm. When glucose added as co-substrat, the xylitol yield increased. The panicle xylitol yield became 291.170 ppm (the xylose conversion to xylitol was 38,86 %) when it added glucose 300 ppm, and the straw xylitol yield became 173.44 ppm (the xylose conversion to xylitol was 26,20 %) when it added glucose 150 ppm.