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"Background: Thin study aimed to investigate gastric mucosa mucous layer thickness in portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) compare to normal mucosa in functional dyspepsia and its correlation with several variables such as child class, severity of esophageal varices and gastropathy.

Materials and Methods: Biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum and corpus from both group of patients with PHG and functional dyspepsia. The specimen was given cryometric for frozen section. Tissue were sliced by sagital section II urn, placed in object glass, fixed and stained to evaluate mucous thickness and giemsa stained to observe Helicobacter pylori. Measurement of mucous thickness was done upward muscularis mucosa started from upper epithelial layer from faveale tip until outer mucous layer on 15 points which were marked randomly and calculate the mean value by micrometer (/jm).

Results: Mean value of antral mucous thickness in PHG was 13.30 ± 6.5 fim, while in the functional dyspepsia it was 25.59 ± 5.66 /an. Statistical analysis for both kinds of mucous thickness was p<0.001. Mean corpus mucous thickness in PHG was 10.6 ± 6.81 /jm, while mucous thickness in dyspepsia was 32.54 ± 6.51 fjm. Statistical analysis revealed p<0.001. This result showed significant difference of mucous thickness of antrum and corpus statistically between PHG and dyspepsia as control group.

Conclusion: The study had proven the presence of decreased gastric mucosa mucous layer thickness in corpus and antrum in PHG. Thus, therapeutic approach to increase mucous thickness must be considered in patients with PHG."

"The recent advances of endoscopic examination had proven that source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis is not always caused by esophageal varices rupture but also gastric mucosal lesion. The prevalence of gastric ulcer in patients with liver cirrhosis is higher than healthy individuals. Imbalance of defensive and aggressive factors of gastric mucosa may involve in development of portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG). Several studies reported hemodynamic changes associated wuth portal hypertension causing decreased mucus layer thickness as one of mechanism of PHG. Other dialogic factors of PHG were hypoacidity, hypergastrinemia, reduced hexosamin concentration, mucus metabolic function associated with decreased prostaglandin E2, and increased nitric oxyde which had caused mucus wall thickness changes. Gastric mucus damage induced by portal hypertension has important role in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer in liver cirrhosis."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang analisis variasi penyebab piutang jamkesda pasien rawat inap di RSUP Fatmawati tahun 2010-2012. Tujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor internal maupun faktor eksternal rumah sakit penyebab piutang jamkesda serta memberikan gambaran mengenai pengelolaan piutang jamkesda pasien rawat inap di RSUP Fatmawati tahun 2010-2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen. Hasil dari penelitian berupa variasi faktor internal penyebab piutang jamkesda yaitu MOU dari perjanjian kerja sama, ketidak lengkapan berkas, waktu klaim, dan selisih biaya riil rumah sakit dengan biaya pola pembayaran. Sedangkan variasi faktor eksternal yaitu dana APBN, kepemilikan kartu jamkesda, surat jaminan, proses verifikasi, dan waktu pembayaran klaim setelah diverifikasi.

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This thesis discusses about variation analysis of the causes of Jamkesda receivable for inpatients in RSUP Fatmawati year 2010-2012. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the internal and external factors of the causes of Jamkesda receivables for the hospital and provides an overview of the management of Jamkesda receivables for inpatients in RSUP Fatmawati year 2010-2012. This study uses a qualitative design with in-depth interviews and document review. Results of this research is a variation of the internal factors that cause Jamkesda receivable are the MOU of cooperation agreements, lack of accessory files, time claims, and the difference between the real cost to the cost of hospital payment patterns. While variations in external factors are APBN funds, ownership of Jamkesda cards, letters of guarantee, verification processes, and timing of claims payments after the verification."