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"ABSTRAKStudi sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa kesepian memiliki hubungan dengan gejala psikotik, tetapi mekanisme hubungan antara dua variabel masih belum banyak dipelajari. Peran skema negatif sebagai mediator diperiksa sementara gejala depresi dikontrol sebagai kovariat. Ada 463 peserta dari sampel masyarakat Indonesia yang mengisi kuesioner yang berisi Asesmen Komunitas terhadap Pengalaman Psikotik (AKPP) untuk menilai gejala psikotik, Skala Kesepian UCLA (ULS-8) untuk mengukur kesepian, Skala Skema Inti Singkat (BCSS) untuk menilai skema negatif, dan Angket Kesehatan Pasien (PHQ-9) untuk mengukur gejala depresi. Melalui analisis mediasi, hasil menunjukkan bahwa skema negatif memediasi hubungan antara kesepian dan gejala psikotik, baik positif (ab = 0,19, p <0,01, CI 95% [0,09, 0,30]), dan negatif (ab = 0,06, p <0,01, 95% CI [0,01, 0,12]). Semakin tinggi tingkat kesendiriannya, skema seseorang akan semakin negatif; semakin negatif skema, semakin tinggi tingkat gejala psikotik baik gejala positif maupun negatif. Selain itu, penelitian ini menjelaskan mekanisme kognitif dalam menerjemahkan efek kesepian menjadi gejala psikotik.

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ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown that loneliness has a relationship with psychotic symptoms, but the mechanism of the relationship between the two variables is still not widely studied. The role of the negative scheme as a mediator is examined while depressive symptoms are controlled as a covariate. There were 463 participants from a sample of Indonesians who filled out a questionnaire containing the Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences (AKPP) to assess psychotic symptoms, the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) to measure loneliness, the Short Core Scheme Scale (BCSS) to assess negative schemes, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure symptoms of depression. Through mediation analysis, the results show that the negative scheme mediates the relationship between loneliness and psychotic symptoms, both positive (ab = 0.19, p <0.01, 95% CI [0.09, 0.30]), and negative (ab = 0.06, p <0.01, 95% CI [0.01, 0.12]). The higher the level of loneliness, one's scheme will be more negative; the more negative the scheme, the higher the level of psychotic symptoms both positive and negative symptoms. In addition, this study explains the cognitive mechanism in translating the effects of loneliness into psychotic symptoms."

"Prevalensi depresi ditemukan tinggi pada mahasiswa. Salah satu faktor risiko adalah mengalami masalah interpersonal, seperti konflik dengan orang tua. Komunikasi menjadi menantang karena kultur Asia yang menunjukkan adanya hierarki pada hubungan orang tua dan anak. Kondisi ini rentan menimbulkan adanya kesalahpahaman antara orang tua dan anak ketika komunikasi dilakukan tanpa empati. Kemampuan empati bisa membantu untuk memahami orang tua. Dalam upaya menurunkan gejala depresi, intervensi empati dikembangkan. Penelitian ini melihat perubahan gejala depresi setelah pemberian intervensi empati, dengan mengukur kepuasan hidup dan empati sebagai analisis tambahan. Desain penelitian adalah quasi-experimental one-group design (n = 9). Kriteria inklusi penelitian adalah mahasiswa di Indonesia yang menunjukkan adanya gejala depresi (cut off = 10). Partisipan yang memenuhi kriteria mendapatkan lima sesi intervensi. Partisipan direkrut melalui media sosial dan mengisi Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and Satisfaction With Life Scale sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Perubahan setiap partisipan dilihat secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis statistik menggunakan Repeated Measure Anova, menunjukkan adanya penurunan gejala depresi (F(1.06,7.46) = 7.88, p = .02, η2 = .53) dan peningkatan kepuasan terhadap hidup (F(2,14) = 8.39, p = .04, η2 = .54) setelah pemberian intervensi. Tetapi, tidak terlihat perubahan yang signifikan pada skor empati (F(2,14) = 0.56, p = .58, η2 = .07). Data kualitatif menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan dalam komunikasi empati yang membuat mereka memahami intensi orang tua, meningkatkan toleransi terhadap stres, serta menerima kondisi keluarganya. Sehingga, intervensi empati menunjukkan adanya efek positif pada individu dengan gejala depresi yang mengalami masalah dengan orang tua.

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The prevalence of depression among college students is high. One of the factors that can exacerbate depressive symptoms is having interpersonal issues, such as a conflict with parents. Parent-children communication is challenging in Asian cultures due to family hierarchies and ambiguous communication. When there is no empathic communication between parents and children, the condition is prone to misunderstandings. Empathy skill may be advantageous since it helps college students better understand their parents. To alleviate depressive symptoms, an empathy intervention is essential. This study investigates how empathy can lessen the symptoms of depression. A quasi-experimental one-group design (n = 9) was conducted in this study. The inclusion criteria for participants are college students in Indonesia with depressive symptoms (cut-off = 10). The participant who met the criteria received a total of five intervention sessions. Participants were recruited via social media and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and Satisfaction With Life Scale before and after the intervention to assess the change in depressive symptoms. Quantitative and qualitative result changes were examined. Using Repeated Measure Anova, depressive symptom is decreased (F(1.06,7.46) = 7.88, p = .02, η2 = .53) and satisfaction with life score is increased (F(2,14) = 8.39, p = .04, η2 = .54) after intervention. Furthermore, there is no significant change in empathic level (F(2,14) = 0.56, p = .58, η2 = .07). Qualitative data showed that empathic communication skills assist them in understanding their parents' intentions, improving their stress tolerance, and accepting their family situation. Therefore, empathy intervention shown beneficial effects on individuals with depressive symptoms who have conflict with their parents."