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"ABSTRAKSistim komunikasi satelit domestik Palapa, saat ini dirancang untuk pelayanan pemakai tetap di darat. ABRI belum dapat memanfaatkan kemampuan pelayanan satelit Palapauntuk pembentukan jaring komunikasi bagi satuan-satuan bergerak didarat, clilaut dan diudara yang dimilikinya. Konsep MSAT multibeam dengan CDMA yang dirancang dengan menambahkan Transponder L-Band pada generasi satelit Palapa yang akan datang, merupakan konsep sistimsatelit domestik yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk ABRI.Rancangan Irnplementasinya disusun dengan:a. Menambahkan Transponder L-Band, pancaran 4-berkas,polarisasi linier ortogonal serta mengintegrasikannyapada rancangan Palapa yang akan datang.b. Untuk meningkatkan potensi dan kwalitas jaringannyadigunakan metode akses DA-CDMA, modulasi spektrumtersebar, TCM encoding dan voice activation.Pada penulisan Tugas Akhir ini dapat diperlihatkan bahwa dalam rancangan implementasinya, dengan menggunakan peranglcat Mobile Station L-Band 2 Watt dan diameter antenna 0,5 meter, serta perangkat Hub/ Base Station C-Band dengan antenna berdiameter ll meter, dapat menghasilkan kualitas sinyal yang memenuhi rekomendasi ITU R.S-5225. Jumlah kanal telepon akses serempak yangdihasilkan sebanyak S61 buah, dalam hal ini melampaui jumlah perhitungan kebutuhan ABRI.Sistim yang dihasilkan juga memiliki kemampuan mencegah penyadapan, mampu mengurangi dampak interferensi sebesar 27 dB dan antijamming margin sebesar 11,2 dB.

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"Studi diberbagai negara menunjukkan, sejaland engan membaiknya kondisi perekonomian negara, peerrtumbuhan permintaan jasa layanana telepon dan informasi lainnya terus meningkat. Enutuhan akan jasa laanan telepon bergerak juga meningkat. Berbagai jenis sistim komunikasi radio telah diimplementasikan guna memenuhi kebutuhan jasa layanan telepon bergerak, seperti misalnya radio 2-alur, jasa radio panggil, sistim trunking, sistim telepon cellulair, microcell dan lain-lain. Keterbatasan sumber daya pita frekwensi yang tersedia merupakan faktor kendala utama yang membatasi kemampuan sistim dalam melayani kebuthan kapasistas pelanggan yang besar dengan kwalitas hubungan yang baik, serta penegakan ragaman berbagai jasa layanan. Teknologi sistim ccellulair CDMA merupakan sistim kandidat yang memiliki keunggulan terhadap sistim AMPS dan GSM dalam menyediakan kapasitas pemakai yang lebih besar, lebih aman dan tahan interferensi, serta harga yang relative lebih murah. CDMA celulair uga bisa menjadi andalan bagi kebutuhan komunikasi multimedia, karena menggunakan pita pancaran yang lebar, atau kecepatan pulsa (bit-rate) yang tinggi. Studi dan perhitungan peramalan permintaan telepon dan telepon bergerak yang dilakukan PT. Telkom menunjukkan di Kawasan Jabotabek, kebutuhan telepon cellulair pada tahun 2003, mencapai hampir 200.000 pelannggan. Dengan keterbatasan pita frekwesi yang ada, kebutuhan ini tidak akan dapat dipenuhi dengan pengembangan penerapan sistem AMPS atau GSM yang ada saat ini, dan dengan menerapkan teknologi CDMA dapat diperoleh solusi yang lebih baik. Hasil analisis teknis menunjukkan, racnangan isntalasi CDMA cellulair dikawasan Jabotabek dengan memakai pita frekwensi 5 sampai dengan 10 MHz, dan dengan konfiigurasi pemakaian ulang 20 buah cell, system dapat menampung 80% dari kebutuhan atau seabnayak 159.000 pelanggan standard kwalitas hubungan ITU.RS-522. Analisis ekonomiik atas investasinya menunjukkan, dengan hanya memperoleh pangsa pasar pemakai sebesar 30% dari seluruh pemakai sistim cellulair, atau jumlah pelanggan kurang lebih 60.000, nilai investasi yang dikeluarkan sudah akan dapat diperoleh kembali pada tahun ke tiga. Pada tahun pemakaian ketujuh, keuntungan sebelum pajak yang diperoleh mencapai lebih dari 200% dari nilai investasi. Implementasi rancangan instalasi ini juga memberikan dampak multiplikatif bagi pertumbuhan ekonomis, membantu upaya keamanan dan memberikan kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat.

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Studies in some developing countries showed that inline with the nation s economic progress, the demand of telephone and other information services are increasing, as well as the demand for the the mobile telephone and data services. To satisfy the increasing demand, several mobile radio communication systems have been developed, called as 2-wa radio, radio pager, truking system, cellulair, microcell and so on. Radio transmission media used by the systems spans from VHF to several GHz. The limited of existing frequency bandwidth is the main factor that limits the capacity of the system to handle large amount of users with standard quality of communication links and diversified type of services. CDMA cellulair proved to be a candidate technology that is superior to the existing AMPS and GSM in provifing much more user capacity on a certain frequency bandwidth, better in security an dinterference rejection, and relatively less expensive. CDMA ttefhnology can also support the need for multimedia communication on cellylair networks,, because it transmits and receives wideband or high bit rate signals. Studies and prediction for the demand of telephone and mobile telephone that have been conducted by PT. Telkom show that in Jabotabek area, the demand of cellulair telephone in year 2003 will increase up to 200.000 users. Due to the limited frequency bandwidth, the existing AMPS and GSM technology for Jabotabek found to be a good solution. Engineering analysis shows that, implementation plan of CDMA cellulair system serving Jabotabek area will consume the frequency bandwidth of 5 up to 10 MHz, with the configuration of 20 frequency reuse cells. The system can accommodate 80% of the demand or equals to 159.000 customers, with the communication quality conformed to the ITU recommendation RS-522. Economic investment analysis shows that, with just having market share of 30% if the demand, or about 60.000 customers, payback period will be 3 years. Within 7 years of operation, profit before tax will be about 200% of the investment. Implementation of the installation plan will also produce a multiplicative effect on economic growth, support security efforts and enhance social welfare."

"An unpolarized light beam will change to a linear polarized beam by using a polarizing filter. In turn the linear polarized beam can be rotated in an active medium such as glass if a magnetic field exists. This phenomenon, which is known as Faraday effect, is there for can used as a current sensor. In this experiment, the current to be measured was flowed in Helmohltz coils where a homogeneous magnetic field was generated. Bismuth and Flumbo alloys were used as glass medium. An analyzer detected the linear polarized beam came from the glass. The analyzer was adjustable and has a capability to detect a light signal up to 1 mill radian per degree. The values of the rotation of the polarized light beams in the active medium were determined by Verdet's constant. The characteristics of the glasses were represented by plotted curves of rotation angle versus the wavelengths of the light beam, which shows parabolic form. The sensing current by Faraday effect shows a linear feature of rotation angle with respects to the current value, as predicted by the theory. The result also shows that the glass of Bismuth alloy is more sensitive than the Plumbo alloy."

"There are several substantial problems remain on intellectual property rights in the focal society of Indonesia. The needed for the protection of intellectual property did not come from the civil society itself but from the pressure of external factor. Intellectual Properly Regime is also known as capitalistic regime and that is the problem. The protection is given to the one who own the right, not for the real author. The characteristic of intellectual property is to protect individually. In the other hand, the background of local society of Indonesia, V which consists of many tribes, lived based on communalistic, The opposite of concept did not avoid Indonesia for taking a step into ratification of international instruments of intellectual property rights protection. The reason behind is the position of Indonesia as a developing country which has powerless bargaining position put side by side with developed countries. This article attempts to offer another point of view to find out what is the real matter, the root of the problems, why intellectual property regime can not be implemented well in Indonesia."