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"Apoteker merupakan salah satu tenaga kesehatan yang memiliki tugas dan tanggung jawab serta perannya sangat dibutuhkan dalam pengelolaan obat baik dalam rangka produksi maupun pelayanan kepada masyarakat luas. Pelayanan kefarmasian untuk masyarakat secara langsung dapat dilakukan di apotek, rumah sakit, maupun puskesmas. Sedangkan dalam rangka melakukan pengembangan serta produksi obat dengan kualitas yang telah terstandar dapat dilakukan di industri farmasi. Bertujuan agar terlatihnya calon apoteker dalam melakukan tugas kefarmasian serta meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap peran, fungsi, posisi, dan tanggung jawab apoteker sehingga diperlukan praktik langsung di lapangan dengan melakukan Praktik Kerja Profesi Apoteker. Praktik Kerja dilakukan bertempa di Apotek Roxy Klender selama periode Februari 2022 dan PT. Soho Industri Pharmasi selama periode Maret – April 2022. Dengan dilakukannya praktik kerja diharapkan apoteker dapat mengetahui tugas serta tanggung jawabnya baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung kepada masyarakat luas.

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Pharmacists are one of the health workers who have duties and responsibilities and their role is very much needed in the management of drugs both in the context of production and service to the wider community. Pharmaceutical services for the community can be directly carried out at pharmacies, hospitals, and health centers. Meanwhile, in order to develop and produce drugs with standardized quality, it can be done in the pharmaceutical industry. The aim is to train prospective pharmacists in carrying out pharmaceutical duties and increase understanding of the roles, functions, positions, and responsibilities of pharmacists so that direct practice is needed in the field by conducting Pharmacist Professional Work Practices. Work Practices are carried out at the Roxy Klender Pharmacy during the period of February 2022 and PT. Soho Pharmasi Industry during the period March – April 2022. By doing the work practice, it is hoped that pharmacists can know their duties and responsibilities both directly and indirectly to the wider community."

"Profesi apoteker mempunyai peran penting dalam pekerjaan kefarmasian. Salah satu hal penting yang harus dilakukan untuk menjadi seorang apoteker profesional adalah berpartisipasi langsung dalam melakukan praktik kefarmasian. Maka dari itu, calon apoteker dituntut untuk menjalani prktik profesi sebagai bekal dan pengalaman untuk memahami peran apoteker dan meningkatkan kompetensi sebelum memasuki dunia kerja. Praktik Kerja Profesi Apoteker dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto, PT. Kimia Farma Trading & Distribution Jakarta 2, Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Rebo, PT. Mahakam Beta Farma, dan Apotek Kimia Farma Cibubur Periode Bulan Maret-Oktober 2022. Melalui proses PKPA di rumah sakit, industri farmasi, pedagang besar farmasi, puskesmas dan apotek tersebut, calon apoteker diharapkan mampu memperoleh wawasan, pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan pengalaman yang sesuai untuk melakukan pekerjaan kefarmasian.

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Pharmacists have essential in pharmacy practice. One of the important things that must be done to become a professional pharmacist is to participate directly in the practice of pharmacy. Therefore, prospective pharmacists must undergo professional practice as a provision and experience to understand the role of pharmacists and increase competence before entering the world of work. The Professional Practice of Pharmacist is held at Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto, PT. Kimia Farma Trading & Distribution Jakarta 2, Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Rebo, PT. Mahakam Beta Farma, dan Apotek Kimia Farma Cibubur Periode March-October 2022. Through the activities in the hospital, pharmaceutical industry, distributor, public helath care, and pharmacy, prospective pharmacists are expected to be able to obtain appropriate insight, knowledge, skills, and experience to perform pharmaceutical practice."

"Berberin hidroklorida merupakan salah satu senyawa aktif yang memiliki berbagai aktivitas famakologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) sebagai sistem penghantaran berberin hidroklorida dan meningkatkan absorbsi dari berberin hidroklorida. Pada penelitian ini dibuat empat formula SLN menggunakan metode homogenisasi kecepatan tinggi dan ultrasonikasi menggunakan homogenizer bühler dengan kecepatan 15000 rpm selama 20 menit kemudian disonikasi selama 2 menit. Kemudian sampel tersebut diliofilisasi dengan cara dilakukan freeze drying pada suhu -106°C dan kemudian disimpan pada suhu 4°C. SLN berberin hidroklorida dikarakterisasi yang meliputi ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas dan potensial zeta, morfologi dengan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), kadar lembab, penetapan kadar, efisiensi penjerapan, uji pelepasan berberin hidroklorida dari SLN, serta uji stabilitas. Hasil liofilisasi menunjukkan SLN berberin hidroklorida berupa padatan lunak berwarna kuning. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan seluruh formula SLN yang diperoleh memiliki ukuran partikel 125-165 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,271-0,321 dan nilai potensial zeta dengan rentang nilai -34,2 hingga -41,8 mV. Evaluasi dengan TEM menunjukkan morfologi SLN berberin hidroklorida memiliki ukuran 100 nm dan berbentuk sferis. Kadar lembab dari formula 1, 2, 3 dan 4 berturut-turut 2,19%, 2,99%, 1,97%, 2,38%. Kadar SLN dari formula 1, 2, 3 dan 4 berturut-turut 95,95% %, 95,37%, 96,44%, dan 96,09%. Efisiensi penjerapan formula 1, 2, 3, dan 4 berturut-turut 84,71%, 81,66%, 87,18%, dan 85,59%. Hasil evaluasi pelepasan obat SLN secara berurutan adalah F1 74,64 ± 0,47%, F2 72,90 ± 0,53%, F3 73, 47 ± 0,37%, F4 70,77 ± 0,30%. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan, SLN berpotensi diaplikasikan untuk sistem penghantaran berberin hidroklorida secara oral karena memiliki karakteristik yang baik dengan efisiensi penjerapan yang tinggi.

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Berberine hydrochloride is one of the active compounds that has various pharmacologic activities. This study aims to formulate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as a delivery system for berberine hydrochloride and to increase the absorbtion of berberine hydrochloride. In this study, four SLN formulas were made using the high speed homogenization and ultrasonication method using a Bühler homogenizer at a speed of 15000 rpm for 20 minutes then sonicated for 2 minutes. Then the sample was lyophilized by freeze drying at -106°C and then stored at 4°C. SLN berberine hydrochloride was characterized including particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential, morphology by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), moisture content, drug content, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release of berberine hydrochloride from SLN, and stability test. The results of lyophilization showed that SLN with berberine hydrochloride was in the form of a yellow soft solid.

The characterization results showed that all of the SLN formulas obtained had a particle size of 125-165 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.271-0.321 and a zeta potential value with a value range of -34.2 to -41.8 mV. Evaluation by TEM showed morphology of SLN berberine hydrochloride has a size of 100 nm and spherical shape. The water content of formulas 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 2.19%, 2.99%, 1.97%, 2.38%, respectively. The drug content for SLN from formulas 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 95.95% %, 95.37%, 96.44%, and 96.09%, respectively. The entrapment efficiency of formulas 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 84.71%, 81.66%, 87.18%, and 85.59%, respectively. The results of the evaluation of SLN drug release sequentially were F1 74.64 ± 0.47%, F2 72.90 ± 0.53%, F3 73, 47 ± 0.37%, F4 70.77 ± 0.30%. Based on the results obtained, SLN has the potential to be applied to the oral delivery system of berberine hydrochloride because it has good characteristics with high entrapment efficiency."

"Piroksikam merupakan obat non steroid antiinflamasi dengan efek antipiretik dan analgesik. Obat digolongkan ke dalam sistem BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) kelas II yang memiliki tingkat kelarutan rendah namun permeabilitas tinggi. Pada penggunaannya, obat ini memiliki efek samping dapat mengiritasi mukosa gastrik. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, penelitian bertujuan untuk memformulasikan piroksikam dalam bentuk mikroemulsi dengan minyak pembawa virgin coconut oil dan palm oil yang diadministrasikan secara transdermal. Pada penelitian, dilihat kumulatif obat terpenetrasi secara in vitro dengan sel difusi Franz menggunakan membran kulit abdomen tikus betina galur sprague-dawley. Formulasi mikroemulsi yang digunakan ialah minyak kelapa sawit (palm oil) atau virgin coconut oil, etanol 96% sebagai kosurfaktan, span 80 serta tween 80 sebagai surfaktan, propilparaben dan metilparaben sebagai antimikroba, dan butylated hydroxytoluen sebagai antioksidan. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan pengukuran globul sediaan, tegangan permukaan, pH, viskositas, bobot jenis, pengamatan uji stabilitas fisik pada suhu 40±2oC, 28±2oC, dan 4±2oC, cycling test, dan uji sentrifugasi. Uji penetrasi obat kumulatif terpenetrasi pada formulasi virgin coconut oil adalah 2469,037 ± 41,483 μg/cm2 dan jumlah fluks sebesar 4,317 ± 71,845 μg/cm2.jam dengan persentase kadar sebesar 55,347% sedangkan, pada formulasi palm oil sebesar 2030,907 ± 37,713 μg/cm2 dan jumlah fluks sebesar 3,498 ± 67,363 μg/cm2.jam dengan persentase kadar sebesar 40,881%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa mikroemulsi yang dihasilkan jernih dan stabil. Pada hasil uji penetrasi obat kumulatif, tingkat penetrasi mikroemulsi dengan pembawa virgin coconut oil memberikan jumlah penetrasi zat aktif lebih banyak dibandingkan mikroemulsi dengan pembawa palm oil.

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Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antipyretic and analgesic effects. Drugs are classified into the BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) class II system which has low solubility but high permeability. Piroxicam has side effect can irritate the gastric mucosa. To overcome this problem, the aim of the study is to formulate piroxicam in the form of microemulsion with carrier of virgin coconut oil and palm oil which administered transdermally. In this study, the calculation of cumulative drug penetrated done by in vitro with Franz diffusion cells using the skin abdominal membrane of female sprague-dawley rats. The microemulsion formulations used were palm oil or virgin coconut oil, 96% ethanol as cosurfactant, span 80 and tween 80 as surfactants, propylparaben and methylparaben as antimicrobials agent, and butylated hydroxytoluene as antioxidants. Evaluation was carried out by measuring the globule of microemulsion, surface tension, pH, viscosity, specific gravity, observing physical stability tests at three different temperature of 40±2oC, 28±2oC, and 4±2oC, cycling test, and centrifugation mechanical stability test. The cumulative drug penetration test penetrated in the virgin coconut oil formulation was 2469,037 ± 41,483 μg/cm2 and the total flux was 4,317 ± 71,845 μg/cm2.hour with a percentage level of 55,347% while, in the palm oil formulation it was 2030, 907 ± 37,713 μg/cm2 and the amount of flux was 3,498 ± 67,363 μg/cm2.hour with a percentage content of 40,881%. Based on results, it concluded formulation used form microemulsion that was clear and stable. In the cumulative drug penetration test results, the penetration rate of microemulsions with virgin coconut oil carrier provides more penetration of piroxicam substances than microemulsions with palm oil carriers."