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Abstrak :
Kesehatan merupakan hak azasi setiap orang, hal ini telah ditetapkan pada piagam PBB tahun 1948. Salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam memenuhi hak warga negara untuk mendapatkan derajat kesehatan yang optimal yaitu dengan dibangunnya puskesmas dipelosok seluruh wilayah Republik Indonesia baik di perkotaan maupun di pedesaan. Puskesmas sebagai unit pelayanan terdepan dituntut untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu sehingga mempunyai daya ungkit terhadap derajat kesehatan. Setelah terjadi krisis ekonomi, beban pembiayaan kesehatan menjadi semakin berat terutama disebabkan oleh inflasi yang sangat tinggi. Hal ini akan menambah beban biaya kesehatan yang berasal dari pemerintah . Oleh sebab itu perlu dicari cara untuk memobilisasi cumber dana dari masyarakat dan swasta. Salah satu cara yaitu dengan penyesuaian tarif pelayanan puskesmas. Tetapi untuk melaksanakan hal tersebut maka kemampuan dan kemauan masyarakat membayar pelayanan kesehatan di puskesmas hams diketahui terlebih dahulu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran kemauan pasien membayar pelayanan kesehatan (WTP) di puskesmas Sukmajaya serta hubungannya dengan karakteristik pasien, kemampuan membayar (ATP) , persepsi pasien terhadap mutu dan manfaat pelayanan puskesmas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian crossecsional dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitik. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terpimpin dengan menggunakan daftar pertanyaan yang telah disusun kepada responden yang merupakan pengunjung atau pasien puskesmas . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemauan dan kemampuan pasien membayar pelayanan kesehatan di puskesmas jauh melebihi tarif yang berlaku saat ini berdasarkan PERDA kota Depok. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pasien atau masyarakat bersedia membayar lebih bila manfaat yang dirasakannya besar Kemampuan membayar bila dilihat dari ATP1 (ajan,rokok,kosmetik dll) berperan dalam menentukan besarnya WTP pasien, sedangkan kemampuan yang dilihat dari ATP2 (pesta, rekrasi,nonton dll) tidak berpengaruh terhadap besarnya WTP. Hal yang berperan dalam menentukan besarnya kemauan membayar yaitu ;persepsi pasien terhadap manfaat pelayanan, pendapatan responden, pendidikan istri, dan umur responden. Untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan puskesmas maka perlu penambahan tenaga medis maupun para medis. Selain itu status puskesmas diubah menjadi puskesrnas swakelola diharapkan puskesmas dapat mengelola keuangannya secara mandiri dan bertanggung jawab. Penyesuaian tarif berdasarkan ATP-WTP masyarakat merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengatasi kekurangan Jana operasional puskesmas dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan. Dan PEMDA Kota Depok .diharapkan dapat meningkatkan anggaran kesehatan untuk promotif dan preventif.

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Health has been stipulated in the Charter of the United Nation in 1948 as one of the human fundamental rights. To pursue the optimal degree of the people well being the Government has exerted every efforts to established the Community Health Center - Puskesmas -throughout every corner of the Republic, in the urban as well as in the rural areas. Puskesmas as the center of the Public health care services in Indonesia is demanded to extend high quality and liable medical treatments to the patients, until a better degree of the community health condition could be achieved. The recent prolonged economic crises that increased the prices of medicines and the costs of public health services in general. Due to this heavy economic burden, the budget for the community health care allocated by the Government to the Puskesmas has been limited. This might further minimize the quality oh the services provided, In order to regain the good standard of medical treatments, it would therefore be necessary to find out new sources of funds or new concepts how to raise finds from the public. A proposal that could be adopted is to adjust the present health fee tariff at the Puskesmas. However, in order to make this method more acceptable an implacable, a sophisticated and more comprehensive survey should be undertaken to investigate the ability and the willingness of the patients and community to pay the services and the medical treatments provided by Puskesmas. The purpose of this research is to obtain the profile of the patients willingness to pay (WTP) at Sukmajaya Puskesmas and its coorelation with the patients characteristic, the patients ability to pay (ATP) ; the patients perception towards the quality and benefit of the services given. This survey describes cross sectional investigation frame work in a descriptive - analytical approach. Data collections is obtained through guided interviews using a pre -designed questionnaire to the respective respondents, who were visitors or patients of the Puskesmas. The result of the survey have shown that the ability and willingness to pay for the medical services given by Puskesmas have far exceeded the current effective tariff as laid down in the PERDA of the Depok Regency. This has obviously indicated that the patients and the community do not hesitate to pay more whenever they believe the benefit will better. ATP1 that was measured by non essential spending (buying snacks, cigarettes, cosmetics, etc) influences the patients WTP, while ATP2 measured by other non essential spending (recreation, party, cinema, etc) did not affect patients WTP. The tendency to pay more above the present tariff as determined by the patients perception towards the benefit of the services, the income bracket of the patients, the educational level of the housewives, and the age of the respondents. It is therefore expected that this survey result would be a useful input to the respective Dinas Kesehatan Depok and the competent authority of Depok Regency to reconsider future policy in the betterment of the Health Care Services, particularly the policy pertaining to Puskesmas tariff. This study suggest that it is necessary for Puskesmas to add health care providers in order to increase its services. Also in order to increase public participation in health financing. It is recommended that Puskesmas should be independently managed by itself and set its tariff according to the patient ATP-WTP.

Abstrak :
[Penelitian ini membahas mengenai evaluasi implementasi kebijakan revitalisasi kawasan Kota Tua di Jakarta. Jakarta sebagai ibukota negara memiliki suatu kawasan Kota Tua seluas ± 334 ha yang dulunya merupakan pusat kegiatan ekonomi dan pemerintahan pada tiga masa kekuasaan, dimulai dari masa pemerintahan Pangeran Jayakarta, masa penjajahan Portugis, dan masa penjajahan Belanda. Tingginya nilai budaya dan sejarah di kawasan tersebut merupakan potensi pariwisata yang baik, oleh karena itu pemerintah DKI Jakarta membuat kebijakan revitalisasi Kota Tua Jakarta yang dimulai sejak masa pemerintahan Gubernur Ali Sadikin pada tahun 1970. Namun proses revitalisasi kawasan tersebut dianggap masih belum memenuhi harapan. Pada tahun 2014 revitalisasi dicanangkan kembali dengan diterbitkannya Peraturan Gubernur no. 36 tahun 2014 tentang Rencana Induk Kota Tua Jakarta dan diselenggarakan kerjasama pemerintah-swasta melalui konsorsium JOTRC (Jakarta Old Town Revitalization Corp.). Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan revitalisasi kawasan Kota Tua Jakarta, dan menganalisis evaluasi implementasi kebijakan revitalisasi kawasan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan post-positivis. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan yaitu implementasi kebijakan revitalisasi Kota Tua Jakarta masih belum efektif. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi belum efektifnya kebijakan revitalisasi Kota Tua Jakarta antara lain karena status kepemilikan bangunan-bangunan yang beragam antara pribadi, swasta/BUMN, dan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Sedikitnya bangunan yang dimiliki Pemprov DKI Jakarta membuat proses revitalisasi terhambat, ditambah lagi belum adanya leading sector dan minimnya SDM maupun anggaran dari Unit Pengelola Kawasan (UPK) Kota Tua Jakarta sebagai pengelola kawasan tersebut. Namun dilakukannya kerjasama pemerintah-swasta dengan keberadaan konsorsium JOTRC merupakan upaya yang baik dalam melakukan percepatan pembangunan di kawasan Kota Tua. Beberapa saran yang diajukan dalam penelitian antara lain implementasi badan otorita yang mengelola kawasan Kota Tua Jakarta secepatnya sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Pergub DKI Jakarta no. 36 tahun 2014, pelibatan ahli cagar budaya dalam setiap pemugaran di kawasan Kota Tua sehingga tidak merusak atau menghilangkan nilai historis bangunan tersebut, serta pelibatan masyarakat lokal dalam pembangunan kawasan Kota Tua. ......This research discusses the evaluation of policy implementation of the revitalization of the Old Town area in Jakarta. Jakarta as the capital of the country has an Old Town area of ± 334 ha which was once the center of economic activity and government for three reigns, starting from the reign of Prince Jayakarta, the Portuguese colonial period, and the Dutch colonial period. The high value of the culture and history of the region is a potential for tourism, therefore, the local government make the revitalization of Jakarta old town area, which began during the reign of Governor Ali Sadikin in 1970. However, the process of revitalization of the area still has not met expectations. In 2014 revitalization proclaimed back with the issuance of the Peraturan Gubernur no. 36 tahun 2014 tentang Rencana Induk Kota Tua and held public-private partnership through a consortium called JOTRC (Jakarta Old Town Revitalization Corp.). The objective of this research is to analyze the factors that influence policy implementation of revitalization of the old city area, and analyzing the evaluation of policy implementation of revitalization of the region. The method used in this research is qualitative method with post-positivist approach. Results of this of this research is that the implementation of the Jakarta Old Town revitalization policies is still ineffective. Factors that influence the implementation of the policy is because of the ownership status of the buildings which vary between personal, private/state-owned enterprise, and local government plus the absence of leading sector and the lack of human resources and the budget of the Unit Pengelola Kawasan (UPK) Kota Tua as the area manager. But the establishment of JOTRC as a form of publicprivate partnership for revitalization of Jakarta old town is a good effort to accelerate the development in that area. Some suggestions from this research are immediate implementation of autonomous body that manages the old city area as mandated in Pergub no. 36 tahun 2014, the involvement of cultural heritage experts in development of the Old City area so as not to damage the historical value of the building, and empowerment of local communities. This research discusses the evaluation of policy implementation of the revitalization of the Old Town area in Jakarta. Jakarta as the capital of the country has an Old Town area of ± 334 ha which was once the center of economic activity and government for three reigns, starting from the reign of Prince Jayakarta, the Portuguese colonial period, and the Dutch colonial period. The high value of the culture and history of the region is a potential for tourism, therefore, the local government make the revitalization of Jakarta old town area, which began during the reign of Governor Ali Sadikin in 1970. However, the process of revitalization of the area still has not met expectations. In 2014 revitalization proclaimed back with the issuance of the Peraturan Gubernur no. 36 tahun 2014 tentang Rencana Induk Kota Tua and held public-private partnership through a consortium called JOTRC (Jakarta Old Town Revitalization Corp.). The objective of this research is to analyze the factors that influence policy implementation of revitalization of the old city area, and analyzing the evaluation of policy implementation of revitalization of the region. The method used in this research is qualitative method with post-positivist approach. Results of this of this research is that the implementation of the Jakarta Old Town revitalization policies is still ineffective. Factors that influence the implementation of the policy is because of the ownership status of the buildings which vary between personal, private/state-owned enterprise, and local government; plus the absence of leading sector and the lack of human resources and the budget of the Unit Pengelola Kawasan (UPK) Kota Tua as the area manager. But the establishment of JOTRC as a form of publicprivate partnership for revitalization of Jakarta old town is a good effort to accelerate the development in that area. Some suggestions from this research are immediate implementation of autonomous body that manages the old city area as mandated in Pergub no. 36 tahun 2014, the involvement of cultural heritage experts in development of the Old City area so as not to damage the historical value of the building, and empowerment of local communities.;This research discusses the evaluation of policy implementation of the revitalization of the Old Town area in Jakarta. Jakarta as the capital of the country has an Old Town area of ± 334 ha which was once the center of economic activity and government for three reigns, starting from the reign of Prince Jayakarta, the Portuguese colonial period, and the Dutch colonial period. The high value of the culture and history of the region is a potential for tourism, therefore, the local government make the revitalization of Jakarta old town area, which began during the reign of Governor Ali Sadikin in 1970. However, the process of revitalization of the area still has not met expectations. In 2014 revitalization proclaimed back with the issuance of the Peraturan Gubernur no. 36 tahun 2014 tentang Rencana Induk Kota Tua and held public-private partnership through a consortium called JOTRC (Jakarta Old Town Revitalization Corp.). The objective of this research is to analyze the factors that influence policy implementation of revitalization of the old city area, and analyzing the evaluation of policy implementation of revitalization of the region. The method used in this research is qualitative method with post-positivist approach. Results of this of this research is that the implementation of the Jakarta Old Town revitalization policies is still ineffective. Factors that influence the implementation of the policy is because of the ownership status of the buildings which vary between personal, private /state-owned enterprise, and local government; plus the absence of leading sector and the lack of human resources and the budget of the Unit Pengelola Kawasan (UPK) Kota Tua as the area manager. But the establishment of JOTRC as a form of publicprivate partnership for revitalization of Jakarta old town is a good effort to accelerate the development in that area. Some suggestions from this research are immediate implementation of autonomous body that manages the old city area as mandated in Pergub no. 36 tahun 2014, the involvement of cultural heritage experts in development of the Old City area so as not to damage the historical value of the building, and empowerment of local communities., This research discusses the evaluation of policy implementation of the revitalization of the Old Town area in Jakarta. Jakarta as the capital of the country has an Old Town area of ± 334 ha which was once the center of economic activity and government for three reigns, starting from the reign of Prince Jayakarta, the Portuguese colonial period, and the Dutch colonial period. The high value of the culture and history of the region is a potential for tourism, therefore, the local government make the revitalization of Jakarta old town area, which began during the reign of Governor Ali Sadikin in 1970. However, the process of revitalization of the area still has not met expectations. In 2014 revitalization proclaimed back with the issuance of the Peraturan Gubernur no. 36 tahun 2014 tentang Rencana Induk Kota Tua and held public-private partnership through a consortium called JOTRC (Jakarta Old Town Revitalization Corp.). The objective of this research is to analyze the factors that influence policy implementation of revitalization of the old city area, and analyzing the evaluation of policy implementation of revitalization of the region. The method used in this research is qualitative method with post-positivist approach. Results of this of this research is that the implementation of the Jakarta Old Town revitalization policies is still ineffective. Factors that influence the implementation of the policy is because of the ownership status of the buildings which vary between personal, private /state-owned enterprise, and local government; plus the absence of leading sector and the lack of human resources and the budget of the Unit Pengelola Kawasan (UPK) Kota Tua as the area manager. But the establishment of JOTRC as a form of publicprivate partnership for revitalization of Jakarta old town is a good effort to accelerate the development in that area. Some suggestions from this research are immediate implementation of autonomous body that manages the old city area as mandated in Pergub no. 36 tahun 2014, the involvement of cultural heritage experts in development of the Old City area so as not to damage the historical value of the building, and empowerment of local communities.]

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Anak jalanan yang jumlahnya terus meningkat, merupakan kelompok berisiko tinggi terhadap berbagai masalah sosial dan kesehatan, namun belum ada informasi tentang pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku mereka yang berisiko penularan HIV/AIDS. Tujuan: Mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap HIV/AIDS, serta perilaku berisiko tinggi penularan HIV/AIDS dan faktor yang memengaruhinya pada anak jalanan usia remaja di Jakarta. Metode: Studi kuantitatif (kuesioner yang divalidasi) dan kualitatif (wawancara, focus group discussion, dan observasi) terhadap 100 subjek usia 10-18 tahun yang dipilih secara konsekutif. Analisis statistik menggunakan analisis bivariat (uji kai kuadrat atau uji Fischer) dan multivariat (uji regresi logistik). Hasil: Sebagian besar (85%) subjek memiliki tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang masih kurang terhadap HIV/AIDS, 35% subjek belum pernah mendengar istilah HIV/AIDS. Tingkat pendidikan dan status ekonomi keluarga merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap HIV/AIDS. Perilaku risiko tinggi penularan HIV/AIDS melibatkan 27% subjek, risiko sedang 18% subjek, risiko rendah 55% subjek. Sebanyak 17% subjek pernah berhubungan seksual (82,4% tidak pernah menggunakan kondom), 58% perokok; 45% peminum alkohol, 26% pengguna obat-obatan terlarang. Prostitusi dan homoseksualitas juga didapatkan pada anak jalanan. Usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, lama bekerja, jumlah jam kerja, tempat tinggal, frekuensi bertemu orangtua kandung, dan sumber informasi utama merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat perilaku risiko tinggi. Simpulan: Anak jalanan memiliki tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang kurang terhadap HIV/AIDS serta banyak terlibat perilaku berisiko tinggi, sehingga membutuhkan penanganan yang komprehensif dan multidisiplin. ......Background: Street children are increasing and highly vulnerable to many social and health problems, but very little is known about their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to HIV/AIDS transmission. Objectives: To identify level of knowledge, attitudes, and high-risk behavior related to HIV/AIDS transmission among adolescent street children in Jakarta and its related factors. Methods: Quantitative (validated questionnaire) and qualitative (in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and observation) study were conducted among 100 participants aged 10-18 years old which were recruited consecutively. Statistical analysis was done using bivariate (Chi-square or Fischer tests) and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis. Results: Most participants (85%) had low knowledge about HIV/AIDS and 35% subjects never heard about HIV/AIDS. Low education level and low socio-economic status increased likelihood of having low knowledge about HIV/AIDS. High-risk behaviors were engaged by 27% participants, moderate risk 18%, low risk 55% participants. Seventeen percent subjects were sexually experienced (82,4% never use condom), 58% smokers, 45% alcohol drinkers, and 26% drug abusers. Prostitution and homosexuality were also prevalent among street children. Factors that increased the likelihood of displaying risky behavior were being male, older age, low education level, being street children more than 5 years, working on the street more than 35 hours a week, living on the street, less contact with parents, and having friend as major source of information. Conclusions: Street children had low knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and high engagement on high-risk behavior, thus require comprehensive and multidisciplinary approaches.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Gangguan kognitif memiliki prevalens yang tinggi pada orang dengan penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) dan dapat menunjukkan hambatan kognitif di berbagai aspek, termasuk waktu reaksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat perbandingan waktu reaksi pada kelompok pengemudi taksi PT “X” di Jakarta yang PPOK dan bukan PPOK. Metode: Total 99 orang pengemudi taksi PT “X” di Jakarta dilibatkan dalam penelitian potong lintang ini dan menjalani beberapa pemeriksaan. Kuesioner dan wawancara dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang karakteristik dasar, latar belakang pendidikan, faktor pekerjaan dan status merokok. Pemeriksaan spirometri dan uji bronkodilator dilakukan untuk menilai faal paru dan mendeteksi gangguan saluran napas. Versi Indonesia dari uji Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) digunakan untuk menilai adakah gangguan kognitif pada subjek. Waktu reaksi subjek diukur dengan menggunakan alat reaction timer Lakassidaya L-77 (Biro Konsultasi Departemen Kesehatan, Keselamatan dan Produktivitas Kerja, Yogyakarta, Indonesia). Hasil: Proporsi PPOK pada pengemudi taksi PT “X” di Jakarta adalah 9,47%, dengan 84,62% dari pengemudi taksi dengan PPOK memiliki gangguan kognitif. Hasil rerata waktu reaksi pada kelompok PPOK lebih lambat bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok bukan PPOK yaitu sebesar 252,18 milidetik dibandingkan dengan 202,73 milidetik. Kesimpulan: Proporsi PPOK pada pengemudi taksi PT “X” di Jakarta adalah sebesar 9,47%. Sebagian besar dari pengemudi taksi yang PPOK tersebut memiliki gangguan kognitif yang dapat mempengaruhi waktu reaksi dan selanjutnya dapat berpengaruh terhadap performa mengemudi.

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Background: Cognitive impairment is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is detrimental to work performance, including reaction time. This study investigates the comparison of reaction times between taxi drivers with COPD and without COPD. Method: This cross-sectional study included 99 male taxi drivers of a taxi company in Jakarta, Indonesia, as subjects. Subjects were questioned and examined to obtain their basic characteristics, educational backgrounds, occupational factors, and smoking status. Lung function tests were used to detect respiratory airway disorders. The Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) test was used to determine cognitive impairment. The reaction times were measured using reaction timer Lakassidaya L-77 (The Occupational Health, Safety, and Work Productivity Consultative Bureau, Yogyakarta, Indonesia). Result: The proportion of COPD was 9.47%, and 84.62% of which had cognitive impairment. The mean reaction time of the COPD group was slower than the non-COPD group (252.18 ms vs. 202.73 ms). Conclusion: The proportion of taxi drivers with COPD in this study was 9.47%. Most of them had a cognitive impairment, which affected their reaction time and ultimately impaired their driving performance.