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Abstrak :
Background Orocecal transit time can be used to measure intestinal tract motility. Orocecal transit time measurement can be beneficial in various clinical conditions. This study aims at determining the orocecal transit time in healthy adults at the Cipto Mangunkusumo National Center General Hospital, Jakarta. Materials and method The 36 healthy adults in this study were taken from the Cipto Mangunkusumo National Center General Hospital community, Jakarta. Orocecal transit time was determined using the hydrogen breath test using 20 mL of lactulose (13.3 g). After fasting of at least 10 hours, subjects were asked to undergo the hydrogen breath test while fasting for 30 minutes for a total of 3 hours. Increased H2 concentration of equal to or over 10 parts per million from the basal (fasting value) was considered as the point when lactulose reached the caeccum, thus considered as the orocecal transit time. If no H2 increase was found during the evaluation, the subject was considered to have produced no H2. Results Out of the 36 study subjects, 31 people (86.1%) produced H2, thus available for orocecal transit time evaluation. The average orocecal transit time from the 31 subjects was 93.9 ± 31.7 minutes. The other five subjects did not have increased H2 concentration in the 3 hours of hydrogen breath test, and thus were considered as non-H2 producers. Conclusion The average orocecal transit time from the 31 healthy adults from the Cipto Mangunkusumo National Center General Hospital community was 93.9 ± 31.7 minutes. The hydrogen breath test is an easy, safe, quick, and relatively low-cost method of evaluation that can be clinically applied, even though its specificity and sensitivity varies from one study to another in foreign countries.

Abstrak :
Helicobacter pylori has been known as a cause of chronic gastritis, a predisposition to gastric and duocenal ulcers, and a class I gastric carcinogen. Throughout the world, H. pylori infection is very common, reaching 40% -50% of the population in developed nations and 80% - 90% of the population in developing nations. Several techniques have been used to detect H. pylori infection, such as the urea breath test, rapid urease test, serological test, as well as biopsies of gastric or duodenal tissues for culture and histopathology. In this review article, we will discuss a relatively new method to detect H. pylori antigen in stools with enzyme immunoassay, and comparisons with other standard techniques. However, the H. pylori stool antigen test is not yet commercially available in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is a condition where the proximal small intestine harbours more than 10 organisms/ml intestinal fluid for a long period. Bacterial overgrowth could be found in patients with certain clinical conditions, such as intestinal anatomical disorders, intestinal motility disorders, and several diseases including liver cirrhosis. It was reported that the prevalence of bacterial overgrowth in patients with liver cirrhosis was around 30%-75%. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth could induce various clinical conditions from mild to severe cases, therefore it is important to recognise its signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and management. This article will also review the clinical management of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in liver cirrhosis.