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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Soil-transmitted heminths (STH) dapat menjangkiti anggota keluarga di daerah endemis. Di Indonesia, prevalensi, intensitas infeksi dan faktor risiko STH pada anggota keluarga belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi, intensitas infeksi dan faktor risiko STH pada anak SD dan anggota keluarga di Jakarta dan Cipanas. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN Kalibaru 07 Jakarta dan SDN Tarigu Cipanas Jawa Barat selama Januari-Juni 2012 dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross-sectional. Total sebanyak 841 sampel tinja (241 sampel dari Jakarta dan 600 Cipanas) diperiksa dengan metode Kato-Katz. Ascaris lumbricoides dan Trichiuris trichiura paling umum ditemukan dan dianalisis secara terpisah. Di Jakarta, prevalensi A. lumbricoides dan T. trichiura pada anak SD, orang tua murid dan anggota keluarga lain berturut-turut 37,5%, 36,5%, 30,4%, 10,1%, 30,5% dan 6,8%, sedangkan di Cipanas, 2,0%, 16,7%, 2,0%, 8,7%, 0,0% dan 4,7%. Selain itu, di Jakarta, secara total, intensitas infeksi A. lumbricoides ringan 24,1%(58/241), sedang 9,1% (22/241) dan berat 0,4% (1/241), di Cipanas, intensitas infeksi A. lumbricoides ringan 1,1% (7/600). Di Jakarta, secara total, intensitas infeksi T. trichiura ringan 20,3% (49/241) dan sedang 0,8% (2/241), sedangkan di Cipanas intensitas infeksi T. trichiura ringan 8,2% (49/600). Analisis statistik memperlihatkan di SD Kalibaru 07 Jakarta , prevalensi dan intensitas infeksi A. lumbricoides pada anak laki-laki berbeda bermakna dengan perempuan (p<0,05) dan terdapat korelasi positif dan bermakna antara orang tua dan anak yang terinfeksi A. lumbricoides. Di Kalibaru Jakarta merupakan tempat berisiko untuk infeksi A. lumbricoides (OR 23,7 95%CI 6,42-87,6), sedangkan di Cipanas tempat yang berisiko terinfeksi T. trichiura (OR 3,9, 95%CI 1,11-13,49). Jumlah anggota keluarga terinfeksi STH (A. lumbricoides atau/dan T. trichiura) 1-5 orang di Jakarta dan 1-4 orang di Cipanas. Analisis regresi logistik memperlihatkan bahwa pendidikan ibu dan ketersediaan toilet merupakan faktor risiko infeksi A. lumbricoides di Jakarta. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa pemberian anthelmintik dan perbaikan sanitasi sangat diperlukan untuk menurunkan infeksi STH di Jakarta dan Cipanas.

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ABSTRACT
Soil-transmitted heminths (STH) may affect among family members in an endemic area. In Indonesia, prevalence, intensity of infection and risk factors of STH among household are known, so far. The aim of this study is to know intensity of infection and risk factors of STH among school children and family members in Jakarta and Cipanas. This study was conducted SDN Kalibaru 07 Jakarta and SDN Tarigu Cipanas West Java, in January until June 2012, using cross-sectional design. Overall, 841 stool samples (241 stool samples from Jakarta and 600 from Cipanas) were examined by Kato-Katz method. Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichiuris trichiura were common found and spatial analyzed in this study. In parent, and other family members were 37,5%, 36,5%, 30,4%, 10,1%, 30,5% and 6,8% respectively, while in Cipanas, 2,0%, 16,7%, 2,0%, 8,7%, 0,0% and 4,7% respectively. In addition, in Jakarta, overall, intensities of A. lumbricoides infection were 24,1% (58/241) light, 9,1% (22/241) moderate, and 0,4% (1/241) heavy , while in Cipanas, they were 1,1% (7/600) light infections . In Jakarta, overall, intensities of T. trichiura infection were 20,3% (49/241) light and 0,8% (2/241) moderat, while in Cipanas, it was 8,2% (49/600) light infection only. The statitistical analyses showed that both the prevalence dan intensity of A. lumbricoides infection were significant different among male and female school children of SDN Kalibaru 07 Jakarta (p<0,05) and significant positive correlation (p<0,05) between both parent and school children infected by A. lumbricoides. In Kalibaru Jakarta was a risk area to have A. lumbricoides infections (OR 23,7 95%CI 6,42-87,6), while in Cipanas was T. trichiura risk area (OR 3,9, 95%CI 1,11-13,49). The number of family members infected by STH (A. lumbricoides or/and T. trichiura) was 1-5 persons in Jakarta and 1-4 persons in Cipanas. Logistic regression analyses showed taht mothers’ education and toilet were risk factors of A. lumbricoides infection in Jakarta. This study showed that anthelminthics and improvement of sanitation are considerable required to reduce STH infections in Jakarta and Cipanas.