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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pneumonia adalah radang paru-para dengan diagnosa nafas ccpat dan sesak serta adanya tarikan dinding dada bagian bawah ke daiam. Pneumonia disebabkan oleh milcroorganisme patogen (bakteri, virus, mikoplasma), aspirasi bahan atau produk berbahaya Pneumonia dipengaruhi antara lain faktor linglcungan tisik rumah dan karalcteristik anak. Pneumonia masih menjadi masalah di Indonesia khususnya di Kota Tasikmalaya. Diperkirakan proporsi penyakit pneumonia penyebab keniatian pada bayi sebesar l6,4%, sedangkan proporsi penyakit pneumonia pada balita sebesar 25%. Tujuan penelitian ini adaiah untuk mengetahui hubungan kcjadian pneumonia pada balita dengan faktor lingkungan Esik kamar tidur dan karakteristik anak. ' Desain penelitian case control dengan pendekatan retrospektifl Sampel sebanyak 300 responden terdiri dari 150 orang kasus dan _150 orang kontrol. Hasil analisis data diperoleh hasil yaitu dari sepuluh variabel diteliti, yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian pneumonia yaitu hanya delapan variabel terdizi dari jenis kelamin (p=0,00l;OR=2,3), status imunisasi (p=0,009;OR=1,9l), status gizi (p=0,013; OR=5,04), pembeiian ASI(p=0,028;OR=0,58), ventilasi (p=0,003;OR=0,48), pencahayaan (p=0,022,0R=0,55), kepadatan hunian (p=o,oo9;oR=o,s) dan asap obat nyamuk bakar (p=0,003; OR=2,l ). - Dari hasil uji multivariat tanpa interaksi, faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian penyalcit pneumonia pada anak balita adalah status gizi dengan nilai B 1,799 dan OR = 6,041 (CI 95%=l,607-22,713). Scdangkan hasil uji multivariat dengan intemksi diperoleh' hasil bahwa faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian pneumonia anak balita adalah interaksi antara asap obat nyamuk dengan status gizi dengan nilai B 1,040 dan OR-2,828 (CI 95%=1,66?7-4,7988). Pada perhitungan probabiiitas didapatkan hasii bahwa balita yang menderita pneumonia memiliki probabililas adds 15,6 kali punya riwayat status imunisasi tidak Iengkap (DPT dan Campak), status gizi kurang dan ada asap obat nyamuk bakar di dalam kamar tidur dibanding balita yang tidak menderita pneumonia Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar anak balita diimunisasi Iengkap (DPT dan Carnpak), diberi asupan makanan dengan gizi seimbang, dan tidak menggunakan obat anti nyamuk bakar di dalam kamar tidur, serta perlu disosialisasikan faktor-faktor' yang berhubungan dengan kcjadian pneumonia pada balita.

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ABSTRACT
Pneumonia is implementation of lengs with fast breath and short - winded diagnosis and existence of chest wall with drawal at down part move inside. Pneumonia is caused of pathogen microorganism (bacterium, virus, rnicoplasma), materials aspiration or dangerous product Pneumonia is aifected by the factors of house physical environment and children characteristics. Pneumonia still become serious problem in Indonesia especially at T asikmalaya City. It was predicted that proportion of pneumonia disease caused to the death of baby is l6,4%, while proportion of pneumonia desease of chlidren imder Eve is 25%. The objective of this research was to lcnow the relation between pneumonia case of children under tive years with physical environment factor of badroom and child characteristic. The research design was case control design and retrospective approach. The samples were 300 respondents consist of 150 and 150 controls. The result of data analysis was got : fiom ten variables studied, the variables that have significant relation ave 8 varables consisted of sex (p=0,00l,OR=2,3), immunization status (p=0,009, OR=l,9l), nutrition status (p=0,0l3,0R=5,04), giving ASI (p=0,027,0R=0,58), ventilation (p=0,022,0R=0,48), lighting (p=0,22,0R=0,55), bed room density (p=0,009,0R=0,5), smoke of medicine for fighting mosquito (p=0,003,0R=2,l). From multivariate test result without interaction was indicated that dominant factors which affected on pneumonia disease occurrence of children under live years old were nutrition status by B-value = l,799 and OR-value == 6,041 CI 95% = 1,607-22,7l3, whereas multivariate test by interaction was obtained a result that dominant factors which affected on pneumonia occurrence of children gander five years old were interaction between smoke of medicine for fighting mosquito and nutrition status by B- value = 1,040 and OR~value = 2,828 Cl 95% = 1,667-4,7988. At probability calculation, it was got the result that children under tive years old who suliered from pneumonia had odd probability 15,6 times of having incomplete immunization status (DPT and Measles), less nutrition statins and there were smoke of bumed mosquito repellent in the bed room compared to chlidren under tive years who suffered from pneumonia. From the result ol' research, it was suggested that children under five years old should be immunized completely (DPT and Measles immunization) it must be given thc lbod suply with ballanced nutrient and don't use burned mosquito repellent in bad room and it need to be sosialized the factors which have relation with pneumonia cases of children under five years old.

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