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"ABSTRAKDi Indonesia, konsumen dapat memilih untuk mengkonsumsi jenis bensin bekualitas tinggi (Pertamax), berkualitas menengah dan berkualitas rendah (Premium) sesuai dengan preferensinya.  Preferensi tersebut kadangkala dipengaruhi oleh selisih harga antar kualitas tersebut. Perpindahan preferensi konsumsi  bensin ke kualitas yang lebih tinggi yang dipengaruhi oleh penuruhan harga relatif dapat menimbulkan fenomena A-A. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku  konsumen dalam mengkonsumsi bensin sebelum dan sesudah adanya Pertalite serta nilai elastisitas yang memaksimalkan fenomena A-A. Metode estimasi yang digunakan regresi data panel OLS dan Fixed Effect, Hasil regresi membuktikan terdapat fenomena A-A pada pangsa pasar di Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah adanya Pertalite. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa selisih harga relatif bensin berkualitas tinggi terhadan bensin berkualitas rendah berdampak negatif pada konsumsi relatif bensin berkualitas tinggi terhadap rendah. Sebelum adanya Pertalite, konsumen tetap melakukan perpindahan preferensi dari bensin kualitas rendah ke tinggi ketika terjadi penurunan selisih harga relatif walaupun dalam jeda 2 dan 3 bulan. Setelah adanya Pertalite, konsumen tidak cepat melakukan perpindahan preferensi dari Premium ke Pertalite ketika terjadi penurunan harga relatif. Konsumen masih tetap menggunakan Premium daripada Pertalite sehingga fenomena A-A tidak terjadi pada pola konsumsi bensin kelas rendah dan menengah ini. Namun, konsumsi relatif  Pertamax terhadap Pertalite mengalami peningkatan ketika terjadi penurunan harga relatif diantaranya sehingga menimbulkan fenomena A-A.

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ABSTRACT

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In Indonesia, consumers can choose to consume high quality (Pertamax), high-quality and low-quality (Premium) gasoline in accordance with their preference. This preference is sometimes influenced by the price difference between these qualities. Moving the preferences of gasoline consumption to a higher quality that is affected by the relative price decay can lead to the A-A phenomenon. This study aims to determine consumer behavior in consuming gasoline before and after the existence of Pertalite and elasticity value that maximize the phenomenon of A-A. The estimation method used OLS and Fixed Effect panel data regression, Regression result proves that there is A-A phenomenon in market share in Indonesia before and after Pertalite. This indicates that the relatively high price difference between high quality gasoline and low quality gasoline has a negative impact on the relative consumption of high quality gasoline to low. Prior to Pertalite, consumers continued to move preference from low to high quality gasoline when there was a decrease in the relative price difference even in the 2 and 3 month intervals. After the existence of Pertalite, consumers are not quick to transfer preferences from Premium to Pertalite when there is a relative price decline. Consumers are still using Premium rather than Pertalite so that the A-A phenomenon does not occur in this low and middle grade gasoline consumption pattern. However, Pertamax's relative consumption of Pertalite has increased when there is a relative price decline among others that has resulted in the A-A phenomenon."

"ABSTRAKTransport sector is largest contributor of CO2 emissions in Indonesia. To reduce the emmisions, a policy of adding pertalite is applied which aims to llow consumers to switch into higher quality gasoline. This paper examine the impact of the implementation of the policy of adding pertalite. The approach uses fixed effect of panel data estimation method . In the period 2010-2015 pertamax price have a negative impact on pertamax and premium consumption. Meanwhile, the prices and revenues of selling premium have a positive impact on consumption of pertamax and premium. For the period 2016, the impact of the pertamax price increase would be a decrease in pertamax and premium consumption. Changes in the pattern of gasoline consumption is possible because of the difference in price and supply constraints for each type of gasoline. Therefore, the government should control the supply of gasolines and the differences in gasoline prices so that more premium consumers will switch to pertalite, and pertalite consumers will switch to pertamax."

"Industri minyak dan gas bumi berperan penting dalam ekonomi Indonesia, sebagai sumber pendapatan untuk APBN dan sumber energi (khususnya BBM) untuk menggerakkan berbagai sektor kehidupan di seluruh Indonesia. Dibatasinya pergerakan manusia secara langsung mengakibatkan penurunan permintaan terhadap BBM. Selain penurunan konsumsi, Covid-19 juga berdampak pada penurunan harga dan produksi minyak dan gas bumi, termasuk penghentian kegiatan hulu dan pengurangan kegiatan pengilangan (refinery). Rekomendasi yang dikemukakan antara lain pembentukan strategic petroleum reserves, pengkajian ulang proyek-proyek kilang minyak dan green fuel, serta tidak menurunkan harga jual BBM."